Mapping Sentence Research Articles

DReD–A Descriptive Relation Dataset for Expanding Relation Extraction

Relation extraction is a fundamental topic in document information extraction. Traditionally, datasets for relation extraction have been annotated with named entities and classified with a subset of relation categories. Models then predict either the entities and relations (end-to-end) or assume the entities are given and only classify the relations. However, current approaches are limited by datasets with a narrow definition of entities and relations. We seek to remedy this by introducing our Descriptive Relation Dataset (DReD), which contains 3286 annotations for descriptions of relations between more general noun phrases inspired by linguistic theory. We benchmark our dataset using several seq2seq models and find that T5 achieves the best results with a ROUGE-1 score of 75.5. We verify the usefulness of DreD by collecting feedback on 100 predictions and comparing human judgment to automated scoring methods. Finally, we verify that relations can be described accurately by transforming the CoNLL04 and Re-TACRED datasets and mapping sentence templates to relation categories. T5 achieves competitive accuracy on CoNLL-04 and Re-TACRED with an F1 score of 78.6 and 90.4, respectively. With this paper, we prove that relations can be described, therefore overcoming the limitations set by previous datasets and approaches. We publicly provide our dataset and training code at <uri xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">https://github.com/logan-markewich/DReD</uri> .

Facet theory and the mapping sentence: Evolving philosophy, use, and declarative applications 2nd ed. 2021 edition-Paul M. W. Hackett.

OPINION article Front. Psychol., 28 February 2023Sec. Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology Volume 14 - 2023 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1008663

Safety first: making property talk safe for nominalists

Nominalists are confronted with a grave difficulty: if abstract objects do not exist, what explains the success of theories that invoke them? In this paper, I make headway on this problem. I develop a formal language in which certain platonistic claims about properties and certain nominalistic claims can be expressed, develop a formal language in which only certain nominalistic claims can be expressed, describe a function mapping sentences of the first language to sentences of the second language, and prove some facts about that function and facts about some sound logics for those languages. In doing so, I prove that, given some plausible metaphysical assumptions, a large class of sentences about properties of concrete objects are “safe” on nominalistic grounds. Whenever some true sentences about concrete objects and some sentences belonging to this class that are true according to platonists collectively entail a conclusion about concrete objects, some nominalistically acceptable sentences are true and entail the same conclusion. Because the proof can itself be formulated without abstract objects, it provides a nominalistic explanation of the success of theories that invoke properties of concrete objects.

Some Questions Regarding the Properties of the Declarative Mapping Sentence

The declarative mapping sentence is both a research methodology within qualitative social science and humanities research, and a way of thinking about such scholarship. In essence, declarative mapping sentences are hypothesised statements of an area

Visual Mapping Sentence: A Methodological Approach to Multifaceted Research Design and Analyses

The declarative mapping sentence is both a research methodology within qualitative social science and humanities research, and a way of thinking about such scholarship. In essence, declarative mapping sentences are hypothesised statements of an area of enquiry that guide a researcher’s thoughts, plans and designs, investigations, analyses and interpretations. In this brief essay I consider the often neglected considerations of the philosophical status of the components of the declarative mapping sentence. I suggest that considering the relationship between the parts of a declarative mapping sentence may facilitate a greater understanding of the investigated phenomena.

Declarative Mapping Sentence Method for Investigating the Perception of Fine-Art Photographs for Individuals with Cerebral Visual Impairment

Declarative Mapping Sentence Method for Investigating the Perception of Fine-Art Photographs for Individuals with Cerebral Visual Impairment

A Reflexive and Adaptable Framework for Ethnographic and Qualitative Research: the Declarative Mapping Sentences Approach

A Reflexive and Adaptable Framework for Ethnographic and Qualitative Research: the Declarative Mapping Sentences Approach

Pattern-IT: A method for mapping stakeholder engagement with complex systems

Pattern-IT is a participatory, card sorting activity that aims to illuminate the relationships between people, technologies and concepts in complex systems. Pattern-IT combines two methods: card sorting [11] and mapping sentences [2,6]. Depending on the aims and scope of the research or topic, Pattern-IT can be used in an exploratory, descriptive, or interpretative manner. It is a co-created, adaptable and enjoyable method that can be used with individuals or groups, in-person or online, with or without facilitation. In this paper, Pattern-IT was conducted face-to-face in a moderated group setting using physical cards to explore engagement by project partners with publics involved in implementing Smart Local Energy Systems (SLES). SLES are decentralised energy systems that use information communication technologies (e.g. smart meters, blockchain, real-time pricing) to connect low carbon energy generation (e.g. solar PV) with energy storage and energy services (e.g. electric vehicles).•A method that combines card sorting and mapping sentences.•Uses mapping sentences as an organising and data generating tool.•A novel co-created participatory method for use with individuals or groups.

Guest Editors’ IntroductionFacet Theory in Organizational Research

Conceived by Professor Louis E. Guttman, Facet Theory is a comprehensive research strategy for the social and behavioral sciences with important applications in organizational studies. As a metatheory, it offers a systematic framework for coordinating theory and research. It integrates the formal design of empirical observations expressed in a mapping sentence to holistically define the measurement space with intrinsic data analysis procedures. The discovery of lawfulness in structures characterizing qualitative areas enhances both rigor and the practical usefulness of research. The methodology of Facet Theory has been applied in a variety of disciplines with contributions to theory construction and cumulative research. As a metatheory for the behavioral sciences, it can help integrate research efforts among scholars in diverse disciplines and domains of relevance to the study of individuals, groups, and organizations. The five articles included in this issue on Facet Theory provide detailed descriptions of the methodology and examples of applications in organizational and strategy research. This should spark new ideas and connections, advancing and invigorating Facet Theory applications for collaborative multilevel research on organizational phenomena.

Work Values and Facet Theory: From Intercorrelations to Individuals

The article proposes a new mapping sentence (MS) for values, including negative values and moral virtues. The MS allows defining work values and discriminating them from work attitudes. Previous studies on work values proposed essentially two facets, namely, type of work outcome and performance relatedness, to explain their structure, but these facets are unreliable when classifying work values. It is suggested to utilize job facets from job satisfaction research as an alternative for the work outcome facet. Using a sample of 471 employees who rated the 21 work values of the Munster Work Value Measure (MWVM), the item intercorrelations reflect such job facets as sectors of a circumplex that approximates a circle in multidimensional scaling (MDS) space. The principal components of the items can be represented as vectors in the same space. An unfolding model is then proposed that allows testing the extent to which the work value circle also holds within, and not just across, individuals. We show that this model holds for almost all individuals. The scatter of the persons in unfolding space is related to gender, educational level, and age of the respondents. For HR practitioners, these findings offer various diagnostic springboards, such as an economical way of diagnosing a person’s main work values and identifying individuals with typical and unusual work value profiles.

Facet-Mapping Therapy: The Potential of Facet Theory Philosophy and Declarative Mapping Sentences Within a Therapeutic Setting.

Facet-Mapping Therapy: The Potential of Facet Theory Philosophy and Declarative Mapping Sentences Within a Therapeutic Setting.

Book Review: Facet Theory and the Mapping Sentence: Evolving Philosophy, Use and Application

Book Review: Facet Theory and the Mapping Sentence: Evolving Philosophy, Use and Application

Using the case method to explore characteristics of the clinical reasoning process among ambulance nurse students and professionals.

Clinical reasoning is proposed to represent cognitive processes, skills and decision-making aspects of nursing practice and is important for quality care. It has been suggested that the reasoning processes should be practiced during education to develop decision-making competence among nurses. The aim of the study was to explore and describe clinical reasoning processes at different times during specialist ambulance nurse education and among specialist ambulance nurses. Nurses were invited to participate: at initiation of specialist education (n = 19) and during the final weeks of specialist education (n = 17). We also invited nurses employed in ambulance service (n = 13). At each session a written case was presented for small group discussions. Discussions were recorded and transcribed. A mapping sentence was used to analyse the meaning units of the text capturing different elements of clinical reasoning. For interpretation of data the results were then plotted in a three-dimensional diagram. Professional experiences and reflectivity seemed to influence both the content and the process of clinical reasoning. At initiation of specialist education, more analytical reasoning was used, while the specialist nurses mainly used a non-analytical approach. Specialist nurses incorporated a larger variety of content during their reasoning. Based on the findings here, the case-method might be useful for practicing various clinical reasoning skills and elaborating on decision-making processes.

A Facet Theory Analysis of the Structure of Cognitive Performance in New Zealand Robins (Petroica longipes)

In this report we analyse the cognitive performance of New Zealand Robins (Petroica longipes) using facet theory, smallest space analysis (SSA) and partial order scalogram analysis (POSA). The data set we analyse was originally subjected to principle component analysis in order to develop a test-battery for avian cognitive performance. We extend these analyses by proposing a two facet rather than a single component solution using SSA and we characterize individual birds by their scores on all tasks using POSA. We note problems with the small sample size and call for our exploratory analyses to be replicated using a larger sample of birds and for the development of further test items using the facet theory’s tool the mapping sentence. We suggest that facet theory and the mapping sentences are research approaches suitable for conceiving, designing, analysing and developing theory that may be used within avian cognitive research. We conclude by proposing a mapping sentence for avian cognition, which forms an adaptable template for future avian cognition research.

Dilemmas and Puzzles of Journalism

Editor’s Note This paper is a transcript of the keynote lecture given by Professor Dennis McQuail at the “Rethinking Media and Journalism Practice” conference hosted by the University of Winchester’s School of Media and Film in 2013. Sadly this could not be published before his passing in June 2017. Still, we are honoured to have these thoughts which offer a definition of journalism, and set out dilemmas that theoreticians and practitioners across global divides may want to reflect upon as they reconsider the subject area. The paper collates several concerns militating against our understanding and practice of journalism and the media into ten dilemmas. Responding to these should keep us busy for a while as we ponder issues identified and questions raised, as we raise our own. Scholars are invited to note and grapple with key concepts, and to consider the mapping sentence offered, and mindful of historical, socio-cultural and economic specificities in their context, appraise existing, or propose fresh models. Media practitioners, especially practising journalists, are invited to augment the submissions from an esteemed observer of their profession (or craft) with their own experiences. This transcript has been edited and condensed slightly for clarity of communication in written form. The editor’s words are set out in square brackets.

Students’ Perceived Constructivist Learning Environment

Abstract. Theoretical classifications suggest three key tenets of the constructivist learning environment: constructivist task, teacher-student interaction, and social activity. This study assessed two scales, measuring the perceptions of high school and college students of their constructivist learning environment. Facet theory (FT) approach with smallest space analysis (SSA) as well as confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to confirm the structure of the constructivist learning theory and to test the structural validity of scores on two scales. In the first study, data were gathered by using the Constructivist Learning Environment Survey (CLES). In this study, compared with the CFA result, the SSA gave additional information showing the existence of the three theoretical key tenets which were absent from the factor analysis. This facet was derived from the constructivist learning theory, framed in the mapping sentence, purposely designed as part of the FT research strategy. In the second study, students’ perceptions of the occurrence of constructivist practices in higher education learning environments were assessed. The comparison between SSA and CFA showed that the CFA was limited to capture merely one facet at a time and failed to illustrate the correspondence between the content facets of the mapping sentence.

Concealed and Unconcealed Motives for Joining the Parent-Teacher Association: Mapping Sentence and Smallest Space Analysis.

Background and Subject: A Parent-Teacher Association (PTA) is an organization that enables parents to be involved in their children’s schools. Participation in the PTA is one of many steps parents can take to ensure their involvement. Few if any studies have examined parents’ concealed and unconcealed motives (UCM) for joining the PTA.Purpose/Hypotheses: The main purpose was to identify the structure of the concept Motives for Joining the PTA, so as to enhance our understanding of what motivates Israeli parents to join the PTA. The second purpose was to differentiate between parents’ concealed and UCM.Method/Procedure: A self-report anonymous questionnaire, containing 40 items (30 items about aspects of being a member of a PTA and 10 items for reporting background variables), was administrated. Data were collected from a sample of 155 Israeli parents. The initial data processing stage involved EFA (Exploratory factor analysis) using SPSS software. Stage two was a Smallest Space Analysis (SSA), conducted using the Hebrew University Data Analysis Program (HUDAP).Results: EFA indicated three main factors. The internal consistency of the scores in the entire scale, measured using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, was 0.89. Data deployment on the SSA map exhibited both a polarized form (an angular form) and a radial form in a Radex configuration. The first layer (the polarized facet) was composed of three major motives related to self-serving altruistic ideological motives/ (SSAIM), self-serving altruistic pedagogical motives (SSAPM), and egoistic motives (EM). The second layer (the radial form) was composed of concealed motives, UCM, and politically correct-driven motives.

A Mapping Sentence for Understanding the Genre of Abstract Art Using Philosophical/Qualitative Facet Theory.

Whether we are philosophers or are members of the general public, during the course of our daily activities we sub-divide our phenomenological world and form categorial accounts of these experiences. The development of categorial ontologies, or sub-divisions of the most basic levels of our existence, has long been used to enable a clearer understanding of a specific domain of interest. Similarly, ontological scholarship has a long and distinguished history which continues to this day (see for example: Aristotle and Ackrill, 1975; Simons, 1987; Harte, 2002; Sider, 2005; Lowe, 2007; Chisholm, 2010; Poli and Seibt, 2010). Coffey (2016) provides an overall contemporary review of the use of ontologies by philosophers.

Cross-Validation of the Reactions to Faculty Incivility Measurement through a Multidimensional Scaling Approach

Incivility in the academic arena elicits a wide range of reactions: it interferes with learning, increases stress, feelings of disrespect and helplessness. Although reactions to incivility were mainly tested in workplaces, an extensive, robust framework to explain and measure responses to faculty incivility (FI) is yet to be offered. This study used Facet theory (FT) approach with a multidimensional scaling method of smallest space analysis (SSA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to confirm the theoretical structure of reactions to FI. A mapping sentence was constructed expressing the composite of three individual facets based on the theoretical framework: Facet A including four types of reactions (1)Exit (2) Voice (3) Loyalty and (4) Neglect (EVLN); Facet B reflecting the destructiveness – constructiveness dimension, and Facet C illustrating a dimension ranging from passive to active responses. Data were gathered by a scale measuring students’ reactions to FI. According to the findings, the CFA result presented four relatively interpretable factors (EVLN) while the SSA showed these factors as well as additional facets (B and C).

Examination of Performance Appraisal Behavior Structure.

The personality (dispositional) characteristics, attitudes, beliefs, and orientation of 498 managers and military officers toward performance appraisal and organization were collected in order to examine their structural relationships to raters' behavior, in terms of (a) mean appraisal ratings, (b) measures of performance dimensions discrimination, and (c) rate discrimination. A mapping sentence comprising a modality, a reference group, and an aspect (content) facet were used. The empirical results largely confirmed this definitional system. Moreover, a polarizing partition of the space into three regions–Self (rater), Ratee, and Organization/System–was found, possibly implying that these three considerations are equally proximal in determining rater behavior. Future directions for research are advanced.