Mapping Of Trends Research Articles

Mapping of global research on familial Mediterranean fever: a SCI-Expanded-based bibliometric analysis.

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a disease of the innate immune system. The disease is prevalent in the Mediterranean region. A comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the published literature on FMF indexed in the SCI-Expanded is lacking. To review the global research trend, developments, leading authors, journals, institutions, and countries, and visualization mapping of the published scientific literature on FMF. The data were obtained from SCI-Expanded of the WoSCC database. The obtained data were analyzed using Bibliometrix: An R-tool and an online Bibliometric tool. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. In this study, a total of 1665 publications (research article, 92% and review, 8%) on FMF were analyzed and characterized. These publications were authored by 5630 authors, and published in 465 journals. The scientific production in FMF research has been increasing over time (p < 0.0001), with scientific annual growth of 3.96%. The most frequent year of publications was 2021 (n = 98), while the most attractive and published journal in FMF research was Rheumatology International (n = 116). The leading institution was Hacettepe University. The top ranked and most cited country in FMF research was Turkey. In total, the authors' collaboration index was 3.47. Generally, FMF scientific research production has increased over the last two decades. The most studied research areas in FMF were rheumatology, general internal medicine and genetics heredity. The most studied recent trend topics in FMF research were validity, reliability, endothelial dysfunction, management, and recommendations. Moreover, regional collaboration between less active countries should be extended in order to expand FMF-related research and thus prevent and control the disease in the near future.

Trends Archaeology: methodological contributes to analyze brand meanings in artistic shows of style

This article seeks to explore trends archaeology as a method of Trend Studies and its articulation with branding. This research analyzes a case study composed of six unified fashion shows from Gucci attempting to understand the flow of sociocultural trends associated with the brand, and its developments. The trend analysis was carried out through a critical analysis of the trends identified by the Trends Observer research network during the period that encompasses the case study (2017-2019). After the individual analysis of the narratives of each fashion show and its correlation with the trend map, we could see that the trend flow did not have a significant variation since the time interval under analysis was short. It was also possible to observe a minor change in the DNA of the Experienced Narratives and Identities macro trend.

Analysis and Prediction of Land Cover Changes using the Land Change Modeler (LCM): A Case Study of Candolim, Bardez-Goa, India

Earth is changing ever since it is born. Once entire earth was covered by molten material which later took the shape of the lithosphere. The primordial lithosphere had only land and water as land cover and later other land covers such as forests, grasslands, wetlands etc. took shape. With the humanization of the Earth, the landscape was used for development and conservation resulting in land use. Land is a fixed resource and every accessible piece of land has been utilized by man for his needs. The land use continues to change, today’s built-up area may have been agricultural land a decade ago or today’s plantation might have been forest. Detection of changes in the use of land will offer policymakers and planners to predict the future land cover and will help in the proper planning and management of towns and cities. Globally, the tour and travel industry has played an important role in bringing drastic changes in land use. Tourism leaves both constructive and destructive imprints on the environment. Of late, ‘beach tourism’ has fascinated a large number of travellers in the world. In Goa, tourism arrived immediately after its liberation in 1961 from the oppressive rule of the Portuguese with the appearance of 'Hippies' in Calangute, Anjuna, Vagator, Baga and Candolim villages of Bardez taluka. Tourism has played a vital role in the overall economic development of these villages and has led to change in the character of these villages. Hence, this study makes an in-depth analysis of the impact of tourism on the land use land cover in Candolim village of Bardez Taluka. The spatio-temporal analysis of land cover change is undertaken using Image Processing software Idrisi Selva 17.0 and ArcGIS 10.3. Landsat multitemporal satellite imageries of the year 2001 and 2021 and Google Earth data of the same period are used to define the current changes in the land use land cover patterns. ArcScene was used for 3D creation and modelling of Candolim village between the years 2001 and 2021. The study indicates that due to unplanned tourism growth, six land parcels such as the area under forestland, sandy beaches, barren land, agricultural land, plantations and shrub land have declined by 0.94, 2.33, 3.42, 1.52, 0.23 and 6.83 per cent respectively. Net change to Built-up land from different classes and cubic trend map of 2001 to 2021 depicts that shrub Land was more vulnerable to change into built-up land at a large scale.

Deciphering the focuses and trends in skin regeneration research through bibliometric analyses.

Increasing attention to skin regeneration has rapidly broadened research on the topic. However, no bibliometric analysis of the field’s research trends has yet been conducted. In response to this research gap, this study analyzed the publication patterns and progress of skin regeneration research worldwide using a bibliometric analysis of 1,471 papers comprising 1,227 (83.4%) original articles and 244 (16.6%) reviews sourced from a Web of Science search. Publication distribution was analyzed by country/region, institution, journal, and author. The frequency of keywords was assessed to prepare a bibliometric map of the development trends in skin regeneration research. China and the United States were the most productive countries in the field: China had the greatest number of publications at 433 (29.4%) and the United States had the highest H-index ranking (59 with 15,373 citations or 31.9%). Author keywords were classified into four clusters: stem cell, biomaterial, tissue engineering, and wound dressing. “Stem cells,” “chitosan,” “tissue engineering,” and “wound dressings” were the most frequent keywords in each cluster; therefore, they reflected the field’s current focus areas. “Immunomodulation,” “aloe vera,” “extracellular vesicles,” “injectable hydrogel,” and “three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting” were relatively new keywords, indicating that biomaterials for skin regeneration and 3D bioprinting are promising research hotspots in the field. Moreover, clinical studies on new dressings and techniques to accelerate skin regeneration deserve more attention. By uncovering current and future research hotspots, this analysis offers insights that may be useful for both new and experienced scholars striving to expand research and innovation in the field of skin regeneration.

Satellite remote sensing of coastal water quality in New Zealand

ABSTRACT Water quality in estuarine and coastal waters of Aotearoa New Zealand is of concern yet currently under-monitored, reflecting challenges of sampling at regular intervals across large areas. Satellite products are currently underutilised (globally) by management agencies but could be part of a holistic approach. NIWA-SCENZ (Seas, Coasts and Estuaries New Zealand) is a website providing access to MODIS-Aqua products at moderate spatial resolution (500 m) across relatively clear coastal waters (Case 1) to turbid coastal waters (Case 2). It also provides advanced analytical tools on an extracted area of interest for trend assessment (Shiny-SCENZ). For Case 1 areas product accuracy will be comparable to data from other websites using the same algorithms. For Case 2 and transition (blended) areas, although tuned to New Zealand conditions, accuracy of products requires validation. Data availability is mainly impacted by cloud cover, but also adjacency to land and bottom reflection. On average <5% within ∼1 km from coastlines, compared to ∼10%–30% outside 2 km. Extrapolation and blending from offshore into shorelines on month averaged maps extend estimates into many bays and estuaries. Active research efforts will deliver iterative improvements in data quality, new products, and analysis methods (e.g. variability and long-term trend maps).

Bibliometric Mapping of Trends, Applications and Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in Smart Cities

INTRODUCTION: The continued growth of urbanization presents new challenges. This, in turn, will lead to pressure for sustainable environment initiatives, with demands for more and better infrastructure in the diminishing space available and improved quality of life for city dwellers at a more affordable cost. Smart Cities are part of the solution to the growing challenges of urbanization. The adoption of new technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming cities, making them smarter, faster, and predicting opportunities for improvement.&#x0D; OBJECTIVES: This study is conducting a detailed bibliometric survey to investigate the applications and trends of Artificial Intelligence research for different areas of smart cities and emphasizing the potential effects and challenges of AI adaptation in smart cities over the past 30.5 years.&#x0D; METHODS: For this study, the Scopus database was used to collect a total of 1925 documents published between 1991-2021 (July). The bibliometric analysis includes document types, subject categorization, document growth, as well as top contributing sources, countries, authors, and funding sponsors. It also analyses keywords, abstracts, titles, and characteristics of most cited documents.&#x0D; RESULTS: The analyzed findings of this research study reflect not only the significance of AI technology for various applications within numerous sectors in the smart city but also major obstacles in AI research for various sectors of smart cities.&#x0D; CONCLUSION: The research demonstrates that AI has the ability to construct today’s and tomorrow’s smart cities, but that each region’s potentials, conditions, and circumstances must be addressed in order to achieve a smooth internet city development.

Dynamics and sedimentary assessment of a rock-bounded estuary: a case study—Tina Mayor (NW Spain, Iberian Peninsula)

Based on a comprehensive study of the Tina Mayor estuary, a conceptual morphosedimentary model is proposed for one of the best-preserved limestone sectors of the Iberian Peninsula. This mesotidal and rock-bounded estuary consists of a significant proportion of quartzitic gravel fractions, which is distinctive compared to the other nearby estuaries of Northwest Spain on the Iberian Peninsula. Fluvial discharges allow for high coarse fraction inputs to be distributed to all the geomorphological estuarine zones, particularly the mouth, the bay and the inner areas. Moreover, the narrowing of the rocky boundary affects the outermost sector of the mouth of the estuary, developing two coarse grain spits; the inner being much more extensive, while tidal flats occupy a greater reclaimed area than the natural ones. The dominant sedimentary flow regime was established based on tidal and current records during a tidal cycle. The flood currents crossing the bay change trajectory at the mouth boundary as a result of rocky narrowing from the western mouth to the eastern inner side in a reverse response to the Coriolis effect. Estuarine morphosedimentary units are mapped, including the large and minor bedforms in each estuarine zone. These have been characterised according to the average values of the granulometric parameters (coarsest 1-percentile grain size or centile, mean size, sorting, skewness and kurtosis), as well as the carbonate (bioclast) percentage, including the trend maps of the mean size, sorting and biogenic carbonate content. Furthermore, taking into account the mean tidal amplitude and mixing waters (QF/QT), a suitable classification can be established for any type of estuary, including the characteristics of the confinement of the estuary mouth.

Design of Growth Trend Map of Children and Adolescents Based on Bone Age.

Accurate height prediction has important reference significance for the development of children and adolescents and the selection of athletes. The current mainstream height prediction methods include the B-P (Bayley–Pinneau) method and the TW2 (Tanner–Whitehouse) method. A large number of documents show that the B-P method and the TW2 method have relatively large deviations in the lifelong height prediction results of Chinese children and adolescents. Based on the data collected by the Chinese Adolescent Students' Physical Fitness and Growth and Development Health Project in Zhejiang's primary and secondary schools, this paper proposes a graph of height growth trends based on bone age. The height map of age has more reference value. Aiming at the feasibility of the height data in the statistical results, the interpolation prediction method is used to verify the data, and the height growth trend graph is drawn through the method of fitting. Validation results with actual data show that the average error of the lifetime height prediction of the height growth trend map proposed in this paper is 2.1 cm, which is 1.4 cm lower than the 3.5 cm error predicted by the B-P method and 0.4 cm lower than the 2.5 cm error predicted by the TW2 method.

Using of Polynomial and THD Methods to the Depth Map of Shurau Formation that Obtained from 2D Seismic Interpretation to Structural Map Construction in Ismail Region, Northern Iraq

The 2D seismic data were analyzed and interpreted in Isamil region in northwestern Arbil Governorate, northern Iraq. The structural and tectonic situation of the region was constructed through the study of Shurau Formation (Oligocene). The polynomial analytical method applied to the depth map of Shurau Formation produced two maps these are regional trend map of the formation in addition to the residual structural map. The Total Horizontal Derivative method application supports the identification of the lineaments of possible faults and tectonic boundaries in the study area. The final structural map indicates that the regional trend of the study area is toward the ENE direction. The local structural features (Anticlines, Synclines, and Faults) found mostly trending NW-SE coincide with the main trend in the folded zone. This study shows the importance of using the polynomial and the Total Horizontal Derivative methods in the interpretation of the depth map of formation obtained from seismic data.

Inter-comparison of past and projected climatic trends in Puerto Rico: 1950–2100

Abstract Past and projected climatic trends in Puerto Rico in the period 1950–2100 are evaluated by detection of slope and fit in smoothed time series and by the mapping of local and regional trends using 5- to 50-km resolution products. New outcomes include second-order upward trends for evaporation and sea surface height. At a regional scale, Hadley Cell overturning is drying the mid-troposphere, inducing a northerly tendency for trade winds. The past rainfall trend (1950–2020) has increased ∼10% on the Atlantic-facing seaboard. Warming seas (+.02 °C/year) and rising vegetation fraction induce more evaporation that is deepening the moist boundary layer and sustaining thermal orographic precipitation over the island. Historical trends and model projections show a decrease in rainfall in spring and an increase in autumn, attributable to the retreat of the jet stream and the influence of transpiration, respectively. Outcomes reveal competition between small- and large-scale processes, and an island-wide water balance sustained by diurnal cycling. Adapting to the rising sea level makes pro-active coastal management a necessity. HIGHLIGHTS Past and future climate changes are similar. Dataset and model resolution of &amp;lt;50 km help to quantify climate change for small islands. New research suggests that second-order trends are replacing linear trends. Impacts due to sea level rise and coastal erosion require management.

Artificial Intelligence in Education Research During The Last Ten Years: A Review and Bibliometric Study

Research on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED) has increased rapidly in recent years, so efforts are needed to understand the status of trends and their development to support and focus these trends. The specific objectives of this study are to analyze document type, source document, contributed country, language, top affiliation, sponsorship funding, top source title, subject area, research station, visualization of mapping research trends across and top 50 cited publications, reviewing some of the top-cited publications on AIED research over the last ten years using bibliometric analysis. The metadata used is the Scopus database and a mapping application using VOSviewer with 457 documents. The bibliometric results show that the development of AIED research has increased exponentially over the last five years. The most common types of documents are articles, journal document sources, and China's most productive country. English being the most significant language, the most prolific author was Kalles, D, some of the top prolific affiliates with four publications, while the most sponsored funding was the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the National Science Foundation. “Journal of Physics: Conference Series” is the primary source, the most research subject area is Computer Science, for the top-cited author is Holmes, W. Mapping of research trends shows that AIED research trends in the last ten years are: 1) it's an application to students; 2) the subject of education in engineering educations; 3) teaching methods; 4) e-learning based education; 5) education system; 6) curriculum included AI. AIED integration could revolutionize the education system.

Visual Analysis of Research Hotspots in Geriatric Nursing Education in China and Abroad.

Background This study aimed to conduct a literature search to determine research hotspots in the field of gerontological care education in China and abroad. A knowledge of the focus of research conducted abroad may assist Chinese educators in determining the shape of gerontological care education in the future. Methods The “Web of Science Core Collection” and “CNKI” databases were searched for literature on gerontological care education published from 2010 to 2020. CiteSpace software was used to display the knowledge map of co-occurrence of keywords, and an evolution trend map of research hotspots in recent 10 years was constructed. Results From 2010 to 2020, the focus of foreign gerontological nursing education research was on the training of gerontological nursing personnel; the development of elderly care services; and education and training in dealing with patients with senile delirium and dementia. The focus of gerontological nursing education research in China was primary care education, training of senior elderly nursing personnel, talent training mode reform, training of nursing staff, and career development paths for geriatric nursing staff. Conclusions Foreign geriatric nursing education research focuses on cultivating talents, mental health services for the elderly, innovating the mode of pension, and the care of patients with disorders such as dementia and delirium, while in China, the emphasis remains on gerontological nursing personnel training. Attention to research developments in other countries may assist Chinese educators to promote the development of geriatric nursing education in our country.

Hirfanlı Baraj Havzasında Sıcaklık Serilerinin Homojenlikve Eğilim Analizleri

Climates are constantly changing on a temporal and spatial scale, so they are not static. In recent years, global warming and changes in climate have shown more and more effects on the hydrological cycle and water resources, and their effects have become so noticeable that they hinder sustainable life. For this reason, the studies on the investigation of the main causes of the observed changes in the climate, the evaluation of climate change as a process and the determination of the effects that will emerge, have increased over time. In the present study, the homogeneity of annual and seasonal temperature series in Hirfanli Dam basin were examined by using the Pettitt Test (PT), and the trends were examined with the Spearman’s Rho (SR) test and Mann Kendall (MK) test. Hirfanli Dam basin, which is located in the semi-arid climate region where climate change can be seen due to its location, was chosen as the study area. The temperature data of the Gemerek, Kayseri, Kirsehir, Nevsehir, Sivas and Zara meteorological stations in the basin between 1965 and 2017 were analyzed. It was noted that summer temperatures increased throughout the basin. Significant trends to increase were also detected inspring and autumn. The trend to increase was statistically significant at a 95% confidence level in all stations except for the Zara in terms of annual temperatures. Trend maps were prepared for the basin by using the results obtained here and the Geographical Information Systems. It was reported that the tendency to increase in annual temperature series was because of the increase in summer temperatures at intense levels throughout the basin.

High-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework for the late Albian Viking Formation in central Alberta

High-resolution sequence stratigraphic frameworks detail the changes in the orientation and distribution of systems tracts in a basin, making it possible to identify areas encompassing reservoir units that have been previously overlooked. The Viking Formation is a stratigraphically complex unit that accumulated in a shallow foreland basin (Western Canada Sedimentary Basin) during the Lower Cretaceous (late Albian). To date, the Viking Fm has only been described using a low-resolution allostratigraphic framework. Herein, we present a high-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework, and discuss the utility of this framework to further petroleum exploration.Two hundred and ten cores that intersect the Viking Fm were logged and these data were used to develop a facies model for the various sequences of the Viking Fm through central Alberta. The formation is mapped and described using Depositional Sequence IV nomenclature, which includes the recognition and correlation of deposits attributed to one of four systems tracts: falling-stage, lowstand, transgressive and highstand. Four depositional sequences are identified and the architecture of deposits in each sequence are discussed. By carefully mapping these deposits in a high-resolution context, we: i) delineate and refine the mapping of regional trends; ii) correlate valley incision to lowstand shorelines; and iii) provide additional criteria for identifying future reservoir units in a mature basin.Based on the high-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework, four additional stratigraphic plays are identified including: forced regressive shorelines, incised valleys, lowstand shorelines and trangressively incised shorefaces, and new lateral facies relations that potentially could produce reservoir compartmentalization. These additional play types are not the typical reservoirs explored for in the Viking Fm and may have been overlooked as non-prospective.

Signals of Surface Deformation Areas in Central Chile, Related to Seismic Activity—Using the Persistent Scatterer Method and GIS

Interferometric synthetic aperture radar is an effective means of measuring changes in the altitude of the Earth’s surface. In this research, the areas of surface deformation associated with low- and medium-intensity seismic events in Central Chile were analyzed using SENTINEL 1 satellite radar interferograms and geographical information system (GIS) tools. The persistent scatterer method was used to reduce noise from conventional InSAR methods. The results revealed that the coastal zone of Central Chile has a high density of daily earthquakes with a prevalence (93.03%) of low- and medium-intensity earthquakes. Monthly deformation maps were developed for the coast of the Biobio region in Central Chile. A clear deformation pattern is defined along the coast, being greater in the Arauco, Lota and Lebu areas. It was also shown that there was a slight upward trend in the north and northeast zone (i.e., δup ~3 mm/year), while there was an obvious accentuated upward trend (i.e., δup ~24 mm/year) in the southern part. This movement increases as latitude increases. This pattern is related to the daily seismic activity, the product of the movement between plates, and the geological faults located in the area. The deformation and trend maps provide certainty in terms of where hotspots are located, e.g., the most hazardous areas in the study zone, which can be applied to urban planning and/or safety assessment.

Time trend and Bayesian mapping of multiple myeloma incidence in Sardinia, Italy

A few reports have described increasing trends and spatial distribution of multiple myeloma (MM). We used a validated database including the 1606 cases of MM diagnosed in Sardinia in 1974–2003 to explore its time trend, and we applied Bayesian methods to plot MM probability by administrative unit on the regional map. Over the 30 years of observation, the MM standardized incidence rate (standard world population, all ages) was 2.17 × 10–5 (95% CI 2.01–2.34), 2.29 (95% CI 2.06–2.52) among men, and 2.06 (95% CI 1.83–2.28) among women. MM incidence increased by 3.3%/year in 1974–2003, in both males and females, particularly among the elderly and in the high incidence areas. Areas at risk tended to cluster in the north-eastern part of the region. A higher proportion of elderly in the resident population, but not socioeconomic factors, nor livestock farming, was associated with higher incidence rates. The steep upward time trend and the spatial clustering of MM suggest interactions between genetic and environmental determinants that might be more efficiently investigated in the areas at risk.

GLOBAL HOSPITALIZATION TRENDS FOR CROHN’S DISEASE AND ULCERATIVE COLITIS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH TEMPORAL ANALYSES

Abstract INTRODUCTION The evolving epidemiologic patterns of IBD throughout the world, in conjunction with advances in therapeutic treatments, may influence hospitalization rates of IBD in the 21st century. We performed a systematic review with temporal analysis of hospitalization rates for IBD across the world in the 21st century. METHODS We systematically reviewed MedLine and Embase for population-based studies reporting hospitalization rates for IBD, Crohn’s disease (CD), or ulcerative colitis (UC) since 2000. Log-linear models were used to calculate average annual percentage change (AAPC) with associated 95% confidence intervals (CI). Random effects meta-analysis pooled AAPCs stratified by countries in the Western world (i.e. North America, Western Europe, and Oceania) versus newly industrialized countries in Eastern Europe, Asia, Latin America, and Africa. Secondarily, we compared hospitalization rates by primary diagnosis of IBD versus all-cause hospitalizations. QGIS 3.44 was used to create a choropleth map of AAPC and ArcGIS Pro 2.4.1 was used to develop an online, interactive map of global hospitalization trends. RESULTS Data were extracted from 87 studies comprising 42 countries. Overall, hospitalization rates were stable in countries of the Western world for IBD (AAPC=−0.25; 95% CI: −0.90, 0.41, n=22), CD (AAPC=2.76; 95% CI: −0.62, 6.15, n=8), and UC (AAPC=1.44; 95% CI: −1.98, 4.86, n=7) (Table 1). However, heterogeneity between countries was observed, for example, hospitalization rates for CD (−0.02%; 95%CI: −0.52, 0.48) and UC (0.40%; 95%CI: −0.81, 1.63) were stable in the USA, but increasing for CD (2.05%; 95%CI: 1.25, 2.84) and UC (1.69%; 95%CI: 0.99, 2.39) in Portugal (Figure 1). CD and UC hospitalization rates in newly industrialized countries increased in Mexico (CD: 5.21%; 95%CI: 3.07, 7.39; UC: 5.96%; 95%CI: 4.30, 7.64), Chile (CD: 6.03%; 95%CI: 5.21, 6.86; UC: 3.78%; 95%CI: 3.43, 4.13), Bahrain (CD: 12.98%; 95%CI: 7.83, 18.38; UC: 7.27%; 95%CI: 2.12, 12.69), and Hong Kong (CD: 8.67%; 95%CI: 5.81, 11.61; UC: 0.14%; 95%CI: −2.21, 2.53), but significantly decreased in Brazil for CD (−3.22%; 95%CI: −5.24, −1.15) and UC (−3.41; 95%CI: −4.63, −2.18) (Figure 1). Studies that defined hospitalization rates as the primary diagnosis of IBD versus all-cause hospitalizations may explain heterogeneity between countries (Table 1). CONCLUSION Hospitalization rates for IBD are stabilizing in North America, Europe, and Oceania. In contrast, newly industrialized countries in Asia and Latin America have rapidly rising hospitalization rates, contributing to an increasing burden on global healthcare systems. Future studies should explore clinical and methodological factors that explain heterogeneity between country-specific hospitalization rates.

Terrigenous export and ocean currents' diffusion of organophosphorus flame retardants along China's adjacent seas

High demands for but strict regulatory measures on Organophosphorus Flame Retardants (OPFRs) have resulted in mainland China transitioning from the region that imports OPRFs to one that exports these substances. Simultaneously, large quantities of terrigenous OPFRs have been exported to adjacent seas by the major river systems, particularly the Yangtze River. This study examined the presence of ten OPFRs in China's adjacent seas. High levels of OPFRs were observed in seas south of mainland China, with Tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and Tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) dominant. The terrigenous OPFRs were redistributed by the ocean surface currents, with OPFRs tending to accumulate in regions with lower current speed. The producers of OPFRs are mainly distributed along the Haihe, Yellow, and Yangtze river systems. The application of OPFRs to electric vehicle charging stations, charging connectors, and 5G infrastructure in the Chinese mainland will likely drive rapid growth in OPFR related industry in the future. The diffusion trend map of OPFR indicated that the Bohai Sea and the central northern Yellow Sea are at high risk of ecological damage in the spring. The offshore region of the north of the South China Sea tended to aggregate more OPFRs in summer. Regions of the OPFR aggregation effect were at a higher risk of ecological damage.

GLOBAL HOSPITALIZATION TRENDS FOR CROHN’S DISEASE AND ULCERATIVE COLITIS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH TEMPORAL ANALYSES

The evolving epidemiologic patterns of IBD throughout the world, in conjunction with advances in therapeutic treatments, may influence hospitalization rates of IBD in the 21st century. We performed a systematic review with temporal analysis of hospitalization rates for IBD across the world in the 21st century. We systematically reviewed MedLine and Embase for population-based studies reporting hospitalization rates for IBD, Crohn’s disease (CD), or ulcerative colitis (UC) since 2000. Log-linear models were used to calculate average annual percentage change (AAPC) with associated 95% confidence intervals (CI). Random effects meta-analysis pooled AAPCs stratified by countries in the Western world (i.e. North America, Western Europe, and Oceania) versus newly industrialized countries in Eastern Europe, Asia, Latin America, and Africa. Secondarily, we compared hospitalization rates by primary diagnosis of IBD versus all-cause hospitalizations. QGIS 3.44 was used to create a choropleth map of AAPC and ArcGIS Pro 2.4.1 was used to develop an online, interactive map of global hospitalization trends. Data were extracted from 87 studies comprising 42 countries. Overall, hospitalization rates were stable in countries of the Western world for IBD (AAPC=−0.25; 95% CI: −0.90, 0.41, n=22), CD (AAPC=2.76; 95% CI: −0.62, 6.15, n=8), and UC (AAPC=1.44; 95% CI: −1.98, 4.86, n=7) (Table 1). However, heterogeneity between countries was observed, for example, hospitalization rates for CD (−0.02%; 95%CI: −0.52, 0.48) and UC (0.40%; 95%CI: −0.81, 1.63) were stable in the USA, but increasing for CD (2.05%; 95%CI: 1.25, 2.84) and UC (1.69%; 95%CI: 0.99, 2.39) in Portugal (Figure 1). CD and UC hospitalization rates in newly industrialized countries increased in Mexico (CD: 5.21%; 95%CI: 3.07, 7.39; UC: 5.96%; 95%CI: 4.30, 7.64), Chile (CD: 6.03%; 95%CI: 5.21, 6.86; UC: 3.78%; 95%CI: 3.43, 4.13), Bahrain (CD: 12.98%; 95%CI: 7.83, 18.38; UC: 7.27%; 95%CI: 2.12, 12.69), and Hong Kong (CD: 8.67%; 95%CI: 5.81, 11.61; UC: 0.14%; 95%CI: −2.21, 2.53), but significantly decreased in Brazil for CD (−3.22%; 95%CI: −5.24, −1.15) and UC (−3.41; 95%CI: −4.63, −2.18) (Figure 1). Studies that defined hospitalization rates as the primary diagnosis of IBD versus all-cause hospitalizations may explain heterogeneity between countries (Table 1). Hospitalization rates for IBD are stabilizing in North America, Europe, and Oceania. In contrast, newly industrialized countries in Asia and Latin America have rapidly rising hospitalization rates, contributing to an increasing burden on global healthcare systems. Future studies should explore clinical and methodological factors that explain heterogeneity between country-specific hospitalization rates.Figure 1World maps of average annual percent change (AAPC) direction (decreasing, stable, or increasing) for primary hospital discharge rates among persons with inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis. If primary data was unavailable, all-cause or unspecified data was reported (grey countries: insufficient or no data available). An online interactive map reporting on country-specific hospitalization rates is available: https://ucalgary.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=93e520cd04624e128f7acbb238f7ef87View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT)

Analysis of Child Marriage and Related Policies in Indonesia: Sustainable Development Issue

Child marriage is a prevalent social problem in developing countries, including Indonesia, and its implementation has been prohibited in all regions of Indonesia. The revision of the marriage law that lifts up the minimum age limit for child marriage and the implementation of the child protection policy does not inevitably guarantee that the practice of child marriage can be avoided. The research objective of this study was to analyze the success of the factors and the effectiveness of the implementation of policies on handling the practice of child marriage in achieving sustainable goals in Indonesia. Data collection was performed using a profile approach utilizing data from the National Development Planning Agency of 2016-2019, desk review of the literature, and stock-taking of relevant research studies. Moreover, the effectiveness of policy implementation is assessed using a contingency analysis of the factors of policy commitment and government capacity. The results showed that the effectiveness of policy implementation from the factor of policy commitment was performed through the integration of the goals of SDGs into the national strategy for preventing child marriage, enforcement of main policy changes, mapping of regional-based issue trends and root causes, mapping of regional-level derivative policies issued before main policy revision changes, harmonization and synchronization of various policies through derivative policies, planning and development at the regional and village levels. Adjustment in the factor of implementation capacity of policy is indicated by institutional convergence and synergy of various parties, including learning from various good practices in the regions. The contingency matrix-based policy application model for handling the practice of child marriage will be effective if it utilizes a progressive model.