Manuscript Research Articles

МНОГОГРАННЫЙ УЧЕНЫЙ

The article is devoted to the life and activity of Turkologist, Doctor of Philology, Professor, Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic Bolot Muratalyuly Yunusaliev (1913-1970). The outstanding scientist, whose 110th anniversary of birth was celebrated by the Kyrgyz Republic this year, left behind a significant creative legacy. A talented researcher, being a graduate of the Moscow Pedagogical Institute, began his career as a teacher and wrote a Primer Textbook for Kyrgyz schools. During difficult years, he served as the Minister of Education of Kyrgyzstan and the rector of the Kyrgyz State University. Nevertheless, science was the main vocation, passion and life’s activity for B.M. Zhunusaliev. Firstly, he was a famous scientist who wrote such fundamental works as “Kyrgyz Lexicology”, “Kyrgyz Dialectology”. His research in the field of linguistics was highly appreciated by such prominent Turkic scholars, as K.K. Yudakhin, V.V. Reshetov, A.K. Borovkov, N.K. Dmitriev, K.M. Musaev and others. Secondly, B.M. Yunusaliev made a great contribution to the Manas studies. He not only defended the great Kyrgyz epic from ideological attacks, but also combined the versions of the storytellers Sagymbay Orazbakov and Sayakbay Karalaev into one whole (“Manas”, “Semetey”, “Seytek”) and published it in four books. His preface, written for the first volume, is considered by experts to be one of the best articles about this grandiose epic. Another merit of B.M. Yunusaliev is that he found handwritten books of one of the founders of Kyrgyz written literature, Moldo Niyaz, and donated them to the manuscript collection of the National Academy of Sciences. Thus, 171А.Ж. Шарип Turkic Studies Journal 4 (2023) 163-171thanks to him, the poet’s legacy, banned in Soviet times, entered scientific circulation during the years of independence. One of the streets in Bishkek is named in honor of the Honored Scientist of Kyrgyzstan B.M. Zhunusaliev; and a monument was erected to him in his small homeland.

Introduction of 19th century manuscripts from local historians of the Tobolsk Province into scholarly research

This article evaluates a monograph written by linguist O. V. Trofimova and historians N. I. Zagorodniuk and E. N. Konovalova. The monograph is the first in a series of scientific publications that analyze manuscripts from the Scientific Archive of the Russian Geographical Society (RGS) regarding Tobolsk Province in the second half of the 19th century. The focus of the first book in the series is on the language used by the Russian population of Tobolsk Province. The linguistic materials were collected by Siberian local historians N. A. Abramov, V. V. Adrianov, I. V. Bednyakov, F. K. Zobnin, M. I. Kostya, I. F. Lisitsyn, V. F. Tveritin, and A. G. Khudyakov at the request of the Ethnographic Program of the RGS. The publication begins with a historical overview of the Russian Geographical Society and its programs, as well as biographies of the local historians who collected the linguistic materials. The main focus of the monograph is on “Materials for the dictionary of Russian folk speech of Tobolsk province of the 19th century (1848-1891)”. These materials, derived from eight author’s dictionaries, provide insight into the unique characteristics of Russian speech in various locations in Western Siberia. The significance of this research lies in the need to incorporate new linguistic materials into scientific discourse, as they are valuable for understanding the history of language. The novelty of this work lies in its contribution to historical and lexicographic studies, which are relatively scarce in Russian historical research, as well as its exploration of the local peculiarities of the Russian language in Western Siberia during the 19th century. The information presented in this monograph makes a substantial contribution to preserving and describing Siberian written texts. It also aids in the study of dialectal differentiation of the Russian language, particularly in the realm of secondary colloquialisms and in specific territories of Western Siberia. Additionally, it helps reconstruct a comprehensive understanding of the vocabulary used during the latter half of the 19th century.

Unknown Work by Semyon Ivanovich Shakhovskoy about the Fire in the Dormition Cathedral of Veliky Ustyug

The article focuses on the previously unknown work of one of the most prolific Russian writers of the first half of the 17th century, Semyon Ivanovich Shakhovskoy. The gathering, which survived as part of a compiled collection, contains a contemporary copy of the story of a miracle that took place on the night of 2 August 1646 in the Assumption Cathedral in Veliky Ustyug: in a fire caused by an unextinguished candle, a venerated icon of the Virgin Mary survived, which became the incentive for creating the work. The story is replete with rhetorical clichés, as well as quotations from the apostolic epistles, and vividly illustrates the writing style of Shakhovskoy, who encrypted his name in the afterword to the text. The story, written by a direct witness of the event, allows us to correct the dating of the fire accepted in historiography (1631), explain the origin of the mistake and clarify the facts regarding the restructuring of the main cathedral of the city. The text of the story is presented with a simplification of the spelling of the 17th century manuscript.

Кем был в миру Патриарх Иоасаф I (1634–1640 гг.)?

The article is devoted to the patriarch Joasaphus I’s (1634–40) origin and status in worldly life. Earlier he was the abbot of the Pskov-Caves Monastery (1621–27) and the Pskov archbishop (1627–34). Joasaphus became the metropolitan after the death of Philaret (Romanov) (1619–33). The researchers noted that they had a close relationship. The only earlier known historical source informing of Joasaphus’s origin is the Chronograph of the Astrakhan archbishop Pachomius (mid-17th century). It reports that Joasaphus was a descendant of servitors of Boyar scions (deti boyarskie). His parents’ names in religion (Julia and Bogolep) are known to researchers from the Synodic of the Cornelius Komelski monastery. The author of the article has managed to find new data. Synodic of the Yaroslavl Transfiguration of the Savior Monastery notes Joasaphus’s secular name: Ivan Borisov, son of Tonky (the Thin). The author has also established that, prior to taking his monastic vows (1609), Ivan made a donation (a 16th century manuscript) to the Siya Monastery of St. Antonius to commemorate his parents. In 1601–05 Philaret lived in this monastery in exile. Ivan’s father, Boris (Bogolep), might have lived in this monastery with him. The record of donation mentions Ivan’s status: he was a Boyar scion of the Rostov metropolitan Philaret. Considering absence of the names of Ivan and his father in the list of servitors of the Rostov metropolitan’s house (1591/92), the author supposes that Ivan had been connected with Philaret before the latter became the Rostov metropolitan. Probably he was a servitor of the Romanovs (aristocrats like Fedor Nikitich Romanov had a lot of them). Ivan might have taken the monastic vows in the Solovetsky monastery (ca. 1611-12) after his overlord Philaret had been captured by the Poles. After his returning in Moscow thanks to his relationship with Philaret, Joasaphus made a successful church career. Ivan/Joasaphus’s interest in books might have been instrumental in this. His donation to the monastery was not typical for a representative of service class people. As a rule, they donated the Gospel, Psalter, Menaion to churches and monasteries. Ivan possibly inherited his interest in books from his father. The Gift book of the Siya Monastery of St. Antonius informs that monk Bogolep (probably, the father of the future patriarch) gave no less than 6 books to the monastery in late 16th century. The research is based on the colophons, Synodics, Commemoration books of the Russian monasteries.

ОРНАМЕНТ В СИСТЕМЕ ИЛЛЮМИНИРОВАНИЯ АРМЯНСКИХ РУКОПИСНЫХ ЕВАНГЕЛИЙ

The paper considers the functional and artistic features, the role of ornament in the system of illumination of the Armenian manuscript Gospels. In view of the fact that the Four Gospels were also used as Lectionaries and Aprakos Gospels, the Armenian scribes and miniaturists introduced new design elements into the manuscripts, different from the Byzantine tradition, which visually marked the beginning of the readings. Ornaments were used primarily for this purpose, performing the extremely important functions of subdividing the text. The ornament is present in each of the six structural components of the illumination system, shaping them: in the chorans (in the Epistle of Eusebius and the canons/tables of concordance); in title pages (in headpieces, initials and right marginalia, in letters of the text); in the portraits of the evangelists; under the headings of readings-pericopes; in decorative and narrative marginalia next to rubrics; in full-page and text miniatures. Thus, the ornament became the “lymph” of the artistic organism of the Armenian manuscript book, defining its unity and integrity.

Neo-Gnosticism and the American Dissident Right

Neo-Gnosticism and the American Dissident Right

Good Autoethnography

Good Autoethnography

Dogs of lust, loyalty, and ingratitude in the Early Modern manuscript painting of Robinet Testard

Abstract Robinet Testard, the court illuminator from 1484 to 1531 for Count Charles of Angoulême (d. 1496) and Louise of Savoie (d. 1531), had an artistic career extending from the era of the handwritten book into the age of printing and graphic media. His embrace of these new technologies included pasting in and coloring the twelve single-leaf Large Passion cycle engravings of Israel van Meckenem into a manuscript book of hours (Paris, BnF, lat. 1173) that he was illustrating for Charles, a practice that allows us to see how he chose to enhance certain details and even add new ones that radically altered the meaning of the scene. In many of his illuminations done for the Valois couple, Testard had enjoyed adding dogs to scenes both to appeal generally to the contemporary fashion for dogs in scenes of courtly domestic life and to express his own moral and religious convictions on the topics of sexual license or marital fidelity. In the BnF hours of Charles of Angoulême, however, we see these dogs put to a new use. In Testard’s reworking of the Apostle Peter’s denial of Jesus in the Interrogation before Annas print and in the Crowning with Thorns print (with a subtext of the biblical Malchus’ failure to acknowledge Jesus’ miraculous healing of his severed ear), we can see how Testard brilliantly reworks existing dogs though color, expression, and body language to express his disapproval of religious ingratitude.

Еще раз о третьем сиро-тюркском фрагменте из Хара-Хото

The article devoted to study of the fragment (so-called third Syro-Turkic fragment) of a Syrian Christian book from Khara-Khoto (the capital of the Tangut kingdom) written in Turkic language in Syriac script, which comes from the Turks who adopted Christianity from the Syrians in the XIII-XIV centuries in the region of the lake Issyk-Kul (Kyrgyzstan).This article analyses the fragment of a Christian manuscript book written in Turkic language in Syriac script from Khara-Khoto (so-called the third Syro-Turkic fragment). The author proposes a clarification of the translation of the text of this manuscript. In particular, the author gives a different translation of the word bitik, relying on the other Christian texts in Turkic languages of the 13th-14th centuries, where this word means Holy Scripture, Gospel, Bible. According to the author, this is confirmed by the data in the Karachay-Balkari language, in which this meaning of bitik has its roots in the early Middle Ages and it is associated probably with the activity of Christian missions among the North Caucasian Huns and Alans and the first translation of the Gospel into the Hunnic language in 534. The article provides a brief history of the Christian community among the Turks of Central Asia, who used the Syriac script for writing books and tombstones in Turkic language. After a careful study of the Syro-Turkic fragment the author concludes that it is part of a Christian Syriac book written in the Turkic language.

Simono Daukanto 1846‑ųjų Pasakų Fedro rankraščio ir spaudinio ortografija

T H E ORTHOGRAPHY OF BOTH MANUSCRIPT AND PRINTED BOOK (1846) OF SIMONAS DAUKANTAS’S LITHUANIAN TRANSLATION OF THE FABLES OF PHAEDRUS Simonas Daukantas prepared two manuscripts of his Lithuanian translation of the Fables of Phaedrus: one in the first half of 1836 (PaP), and another ten years later in about the first half of 1846 (PaPhr). Daukantas exploited two different orthographic tactics in tapping the first manuscript (PaP) as the source for the second one (PaPhr): (1) either to substitute older orthographic peculiarities for his own more recently introduced spelling equivalents (more frequent approach), or (2) just to keep them (more seldom).

Devotional Poetry, Exceptional Calligraphy, Charming Manuscript

The Middle Eastern manuscript collection of Baillieu Library, the University of Melbourne, is custodian to a very fine 19th century manuscript of Haft-Band (Seven Strophes) by the 14th century devotional poet Mullā Ḥassan Kāshī. This illuminated manuscript is most probably of Indian origin. It is penned in superb Nasta’liq script by Muḥammad Amir Raẓavi/Riẓvi in the age of 95. The volume begins with an attractive sarlowḥ, and concludes with a beautiful colophon and an additional interesting page at the end of the manuscript. Subjects discussed in this paper are arranged under nine headings. After a brief ‘Introduction,’ a short passage is allocated to the significance of number seven under ‘Symbolism of Seven and the Haft-Band Genre.’ A concise biography of the poet, his beautiful mausoleum, and the importance of his Haft-Band are discussed under ‘Ḥassan Kāshī’. ‘A Mystical Dream’ provides an insight into a chain of historical events that were inspired and initiated by the poet’s stunning dream, which eventually led to the wide acceptance of the Haft-Band. Before Kāshī, the genre of madḥ (praise) was almost exclusively dedicated to kings and rulers for a reward. Kāshī transformed the trend of praise poetry by shifting the focus of the praise. This matter is discussed under ‘From Praising Kings to Religious Devotion.’ A glimpse of Kāshī’s genius mind and poetic mastery is presented under ‘Seven Openings & Seven Closings’. The next heading, ‘About the Manuscript’ provides an analytical study of the manuscript, from codicological perspectives. ‘Scribe and Colophon’ and ‘A Stunning Ending’ are titles of passages dedicated to introducing the old scribe’s world and his personal poetic taste.

Preservasi naskah kuno pada Yayasan Sastra Lestari berbasis digital

Manuscripts or commonly known as ancient manuscripts are one of the cultural heritage in the form of writing. In the past, ancient manuscripts were written using palm leaves, animal skins, paper, and even stone. When viewed from their physical form, ancient manuscripts are indeed more susceptible to damage due to their fragile nature when compared to other cultural heritages. Factors that can cause damage to ancient manuscripts include physical factors, chemical factors, user ignorance, natural disasters, vandalism, illegal buying and selling of manuscripts, damage by rodents (harmful insects, rats, and rodents), humidity factors, and so forth. Therefore, it is necessary to have activities or processes to be able to preserve ancient manuscripts, namely preservation. One of the preservation efforts to preserve ancient manuscripts is using digitization (the activity of converting ancient manuscripts into digital texts). Yayasan Sastra Lestari is an independent non-profit organization since 1997 that has been engaged in the rescue, preservation, and dissemination of regional literary works of the archipelago from ancient manuscripts to digital-based manuscripts and websites. Based on this background, the purpose of this study is to find out how the manuscript preservation process by Yayasan Sastra Lestari is digital-based and website-based. In addition, this study also aims to find out the challenges, opportunities, and future of Yayasan Sastra Lestari in efforts to preserve digital manuscripts. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The method of data collection was done through observation and previous research. Observations were made through the official website of the Yayasan Sastra Lestari, which is located at www.sastra.org. The results showed that the digitization process of Yayasan Sastra Lestari went through two major stages, namely pre-digitalization which focused on transliteration and media transfer, and the post-digitization stage in the form of disseminating ancient manuscript information through the website. In addition, the challenges, opportunities, and future faced by Yayasan Sastra Lestari emphasize the external role (academics, teachers, scientists, communities, and others) in improving the quality of digital manuscript preservation.

ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS OF MEDIEVAL CLASSICAL AZERBAIJAN LITERATURE

Summary After the restoration of state independence in Azerbaijan, within 20–25 years, a rich translation literature covering various types and genres of our national word art was created in English. At the same time, books and monographs, literary-critical and theoretical-scientific articles were written in English about Azerbaijani literature. Many of the publications in English were published in the USA, Great Britain and other foreign countries, and some of them were published in Baku. At that time, it was impossible to fully cover the translation literature created by translating from our mother tongue within the framework of one article. The translated works we reviewed show that our literary examples translated from our mother tongue into English have been successfully presented. However, each of the translations we talked about in the form of a summary deserves a wider analysis and study from the point of view of translation studies. The purpose of the article. It is a comprehensive study of the relations of Azerbaijani literature in the context of world literature. Methodology and methods used. The methodological basis of the article is based on historical-comparative, comparative-typological, analytical-critical methods of approach. In the context of Azerbaijani-Western scientific-aesthetic thought, as well as in the level of scientific-theoretical parallels of Azerbaijani-English relations in the medieval period and XIX– XX centuries, in 1991–2011, the translation of examples of modern Azerbaijani literature into English and the study of these works in English-language literary studies were dedicated. The main scientific innovation put forward. In the presented article, the author made innovations in the field of translation studies and scientific-theoretical aspects of the problems of studying Azerbaijani literature in the English-language literary studies of 1991–2011. Here, the materials have been filtered by literary and critical analysis, and the adequacy of the same theory of translation has been evaluated. The scientific novelty of the research was also developed by the analysis of the problems of studying Azerbaijani literature in Englishlanguage literary studies. The following result was obtained in the article: Summarizing our analysis and research on the subject, we come to the following conclusions. 1) There is a history of approximately four hundred years of translation of a number of examples of classical and modern Azerbaijani literature into English and studying them in English-language literary studies. 2) Many examples of Azerbaijani literature in different types and genres have been translated into English and published separately as books. So, a rich material has been created for the study and research of the translated literature of the mentioned period. 3) Classical Azerbaijani literature, at different stages of historical development, has more or less established relations with a number of Eastern and Western literatures through more translations. The research conducted on existing translations has led to further expansion of our relations. Classical masterpieces of Azerbaijani artistic thinking have been the focus of English literary thought for many centuries, and hundreds of our ancient historical manuscripts have become rare exhibits of individual libraries, scientific centers, and museums of Great Britain. There is no doubt that the works of our rich literary treasure – especially the works of Nizami, Nasimi, Fuzuli, Vagif, Akhundzade, Mirza Jalil, Sabir, Jabbarli, Vurgun, Anar, Elchin have created a high aesthetic appeal in English literary circles, have given impetus to the translation of their works into English and the study of their creativity in the international world.

Manuskrip Kampar

Abstract: A handwritten text is called a manuscript. It is considered a cultural heritage from a society’s history in the past. A manuscript contains various expressions of emotions and thoughts of culture in the past and has historical elements. Manuscripts become objects of research in various fields of science, including philology, history, archeology, codicology, and paleography. Each ancient manuscript holds cultural values, but its form does not appear explicitly, so gradual and careful research is needed to identify them. Purpose: Readers can understand the text and know the moral message it implies. Design/Methodology/Approach: Through contextual analysis, readers can recognize and understand the concept of cultural values. Findings: Readers can understand the moral message it carries. Originality/Value: Produces a critical edition that readers can understand.

ЛИТЕРАТУРНАЯ ПОЛЕМИКА Т. УОРТОНА И ДЖ. РИТСОНА В КОНТЕКСТЕ ПОИСКА ИСТОРИЧЕСКОЙ ПРАВДЫ В ЭПОХУ ПРОСВЕЩЕНИЯ

The appeal to early and medieval poetry became one of the keys to rethinking the origins of national culture for British historians, antiquarians, textologists and writers of the XVIII century. This article examines the literary debate of English writer and textual critic Joseph Ritson with his colleague Thomas Wharton, author of “The History of English Poetry”, three volumes of which were published in 1774–1781. Since by the middle of the XVIII century, the history of the English language and literature has not yet received the status of a research discipline; in the process of studying ancient manuscripts, antiquarians put forward a variety of hypotheses that could explain the emergence of national art. Being an experienced researcher of antiquity, Ritson was well acquainted with the literary texts, that Wharton wrote about in his “History”, and could not approve his critical revision of AngloSaxon art for the formation of British culture. The debate between Ritson and Wharton can be seen as a dispute between two literary critics, in which each defends his own view on the development of the English language and poetry. On the other hand, in his “Observations” Ritson appears as a textual scholar and a rival of Wharton. In his works, he is intolerant of factual inaccuracies, loose assumptions and incorrect interpretations: Wharton’s irresponsible work is considered misleading and posing a great intellectual danger to the reader.

ძველი ხელნაწერების ახალი სიცოცხლე – გაციფრულებული ქართული ხელნაწერები და მათი მნიშვნელობა კოდიკოლოგიური და ტექსტოლოგიური კვლევებისათვის (ოთხთავის ხელნაწერების მაგალითზე)

The digital age, the development of modern technologies and the emergence of large databases have led to a drastic change in the scientific infrastructure in many fields of the Humanities, including manuscriptology. The fixation of old manuscripts in photographs and microfilms has been replaced by digitisation, which has made it possible to obtain high-quality digital photographs that have become a reliable source for the palaeographical, codicological and textological study of manuscripts. Scientific projects that were initiated by Professor Jost Gippert at the Institute of Empirical Linguistics of Goethe University, Frankfurt, in collaboration with Georgian scholars in the late twentieth century, aiming to electronically document Georgian written sources and digitise ancient Georgian manuscripts, have proved to be crucial. It was within the framework of one such project that it became possible to fully digitise the collection of Georgian manuscripts preserved in the Iviron Monastery on Mount Athos. The present article shows the importance of digital images for codicological and textual studies on the example of two of the Athonite manuscripts (Ivir.georg. 62 and Ivir.georg. 83) which contain the Old Georgian translation of the Gospels. Discussed are the new insights revealed as a result of the study of the digital images of these manuscripts, which open up new prospects for the further study of the history of the Georgian translation of the Gospels.

Rękopiśmienny śpiewnik benedyktynki ormiańskiej Antoniny Grzegorzowiczówny z 1757 roku jako przykład alografii ormiańsko-polskiej

THE HANDWRITTEN PRAYER BOOK OF THE BENEDICTINE NUN ANTONINA GRZEGORZOWICZÓWNA FROM 1757 The collections of the library of the Armenian patriarchate in Jerusalem (St. Toros Manuscript Library) include a valuable souvenir of the cultural heritage of the Polish Armenians – the handwritten prayer book of Antonina Grzegorzowiczów na, a Benedictine nun from Lwów (ref. number 3856). It is the oldest collection of songs from the monastery of the Armenian Benedictines nuns in Lwów, which has been preserved until our times. It dates back to 1757 and comprises the colophon written by Asvadzadur, a son of Ovanes. It provides information that the songbook was to be a gift for his sister, whose name had been written with the Polish letters under the copyist’s colophon. The consecration of Antonina, which took place a month later, on 13th November, in the Armenian cathedral of Lwów, was a reason of the gift. The article characterises the figure of the owner, analyses the content of the songbook – its usefulness for research on cultural (linguistic and religious) relations in Lwów in the 18th century – and determines the fate of the manuscript.

Penerapan Naskah Kuno dan Pemanfaatannya untuk Pengembangan Wisata Religi Ziarah di Surau Simaung Kabupaten Sijunjung

Most Minangkabau manuscripts are collections of traditional mosques called "Surau Tarekat" in West Sumatra. Some of them are always crowded with congregations for pilgrimage. One of them is Surau Simaung, Nagari Sijunjung, Sijunjung Regency, and West Sumatra. The development of ancient manuscripts in Surau Simaung's collection can be relevant to present and future life. The development of ancient manuscripts as a source of value is not meant to go backwards but rather to pick up existing ones to be pushed forward as a source of creative economic development. This manuscript, it is hoped that it will support the development of religious pilgrimage tourism in West Sumatra, which has not been appropriately managed and maximally until now. This program was designed to find and explore the potential of Minangkabau manuscripts which can be developed as a creative industry. Implementing community service was training for students studying at Surau Simaung called "Pakiah" to produce unique souvenirs from the manuscripts. Producing text editions of manuscripts containing biographies of Tarekat scholars and their teachings can revive the creative industry, especially the publishing sector and the engineering of Batik motif illumination. In conclusion, Pakiah has the skills in making Batik and screen printing with illuminated motifs of ancient manuscripts in the Surau Simaung collection and can promote them.

Memory and magic: magical images for improving memory in medieval image magic and in the 17th century manuscript Sloane 3663

This article explores magical images for improving memory described in Latin textual sources of medieval magic. Memory is a rare theme in the sources. The images associated with memory are included in four sources that represent image magic and/or natural magic: De XV stellis, the Latin Picatrix and Liber Mercurii, the Latin forms of which derive from the 12th and 13th centuries, and in an anomymous text that appears in Rudolph Goclenius the Younger’s medico- magical work printed in 1608 and in the seventeenth century manuscript Sloane 3663 in the British Library, as entitle as Erectio siganturae Mercurii. This article argues that the concept of memory should be understood in the frameworks provided by each text and the tradition of learned magic, which differ from the viewpoints of mnemotechnic. In all cases the context of memory is intellectual: it is associated with mental capacities, intelligence, sciences and arts and with the planet Mercury, the ruler of sciences. The concept of memory is loosely connected to philosophical theories, but in practical level the procedures of fabricating images were dominated by approaches of natural magic and medicine.

Preservasi dan Konservasi Delapan Naskah Keislaman

Manuscripts is the result of handwriting which contains various things such as thoughts, community culture, history of one's life journey and customs in the past. Religious texts are related to the spread of religion in Jember, such as there are Islamic boarding school texts for the spread of Islam and there are Bible texts for the spread of Christianity in Jember.. The research was conducted using a philological research method with a codicological approach. There are several steps in this research method. First, tracing the manuscripts obtained from the people who inherited the manuscripts. Second, an inventory of manuscripts is carried out by means of field studies, namely visiting directly the location where the manuscripts are stored by the community who is the owner or inheritor of the manuscripts. Third, preservation by caring for and maintaining the manuscript to prevent the loss of the information contained in the manuscript due to damage to the manuscript due to certain factors. The results of this study explain aspects of codicology, manuscript descriptions and efforts to save the findings of eight ancient manuscripts in Jember Regency.
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