Product Warranty Research Articles

Criminal Law Liability For Business Owners Who Do Not Implement Halal Product Warranties In Aceh

The guarantee of the halalness of a product is a mandatory requirement for Muslims, be it food, medicine or other consumer goods, whose halal products are suitable for consumption to consumers, which is the obligation of every trader. Likewise with government agencies providing halal certificates is an obligation so that the products circulating are guaranteed to be halal. And strict sanctions, especially criminal sanctions against perpetrators of internal violations who do not use the halal guarantee label, which have been regulated in Law Number 33 of 2014 concerning Halal Product Guarantees and the revision of Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation, especially specifically for the aceh province area which already has Aceh Qanun Number 8 of 2016 concerning the Halal Product Assurance System as a special region in Indonesia that implements Islamic law. By using normative research methods literature review and reviewing various kinds of legal literature. This research is a prescriptive normative legal research, this research uses a statute approach and technical regulations. The type of data used is secondary data. The data sources used include primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. The data collection technique used is literature study and data analysis techniques in this study are systematic interpretation, and teleological or sociological interpretation. The results of the study show that criminal liability for business actors who do not implement the halal product guarantee system in Aceh has not been carried out as it should be as expected. aspects of production and consumption. The government as the implementer of Aceh Qanun Number 8 of 2016 concerning the provisions of halal guarantees should carry out the uqubat ta'zir contained in the Qanun, be it minor or serious violations. The government must carry out supervision more evenly and not only on business actors who have obtained halal certification. for business actors in Aceh. inspections must be carried out and require all business actors to obtain halal certificates because the majority of consumers in Aceh are Muslims.

Legal Protection For Consumers Of Product Warranty In Business Law

In article 30 of Law No. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection expressly regulates the authority to supervise business actors carried out by the government, the community, and the Non- Governmental Consumer Protection Institute (LPMSM), but the facts on the ground consumers still get product guarantees from business actors that are not in accordance with Law No .8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. This shows that there has been an imbalance between regulations and facts on the ground. The problem in this study is how consumer protection against product warranties in business law and what are the consequences of warranties that are not in accordance with Law No. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. This research method uses a normative juridical approach, with secondary data collection, to prove the consequences of guarantees that are not in accordance with Law No. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. The data obtained were analyzed qualitatively. Based on the results of the study it was found that many losses experienced by consumers related to guarantees, such as fraud against store guarantees, fraud against bank guarantees, and others. Therefore, the government provides guarantees for the protection of consumers against product warranties through government regulations, one of which is the UUPK. In its implementation, consumer protection has not been carried out to the fullest, this is proven because there are still many irregularities and losses felt by the government. Whereas in the UUPK the sanctions/consequences received by the business actor if committing a violation related to goods will be subject to criminal acts.

Random maintenance policies for sustaining the reliability of the product through 2D-warranty

Rapid development and wide application of cyber-physical systems (CPS) have created the possibility of remotely monitoring product working cycles. This indicates that CPS can provide the technological support required for designing manufacturers’ warranties integrated with working cycle and for modelling users' (or consumers') random maintenance policies sustaining the reliability of the product through warranty. In this study, by designing limited working cycles as a warranty limit, we have proposed manufacturer's two-dimensional warranty first and last to ensure the product's reliability during the warranty coverage period. Subsequently, we have incorporated working cycle into the traditional maintenance policies and modelled users' random age replacement first and last to sustain the reliability of the product through its warranty. By analysing parameter values, we have offered some classic models, i.e., the expected long-run cost rates that represent certain special problems. Finally, sensitivities of both the proposed warranties and the modelled random age replacements have been analysed through numerical experiments. It has been demonstrated that whichever takes place first or last influences if the warranty cost of the proposed two-dimensional warranty is higher than that of the traditional one-dimensional warranty. Users can get a longer post-warranty period when the warranty limit m, i.e., the limited random working cycles, is lower.

Warranty Seal Deformation Identification for Product Warranty Violation.

Product warranty seals or stickers are criteria for after-sale warranty services. The unauthorized removal or modification of a seal will void the warranty. So far, there is no detection method to confirm the warranty, other than the visual inspection of the deformation of the seal. Hence, a system to detect, read, and record the ’warranty’ seal deformation is presented in this paper. A flexible piezoelectric sensor was used to determine the mechanical impacts of the seal. Three major impacts are discussed and evaluated in this paper—partial removal, complete removal, and drop deformations of the seal. These impacts were compared with the ambient responses to distinguish the conditions. All three impact cases show distinct characteristics in terms of sensor values, pulses, and pulse widths. For partial removal and complete removal of the seal, both cases exhibited maximum sensor values but differed in pulse and pulse width. A partially removed seal experienced the maximum number of pulses while complete removal experienced the maximum pulse width. However, if the seal experienced a drop impact, it showed lower sensor values, with the lowest pulse and pulse width. Hence, an algorithm was applied to generalize the conditions and decisions of warranty violations.

Reliability-Informed Economic and Energy Evaluation for Bi-Level Design for Remanufacturing: A Case Study of Transmission and Hydraulic Manifold

AbstractDesign for remanufacturing (DfRem) is one attractive strategy that encourages the reuse of a product and extends the product's life cycle. Traditional design processes often only consider product reliability at an early design stage. However, from the perspective of environmental sustainability, it is becoming increasingly important to evaluate the long-term economic and environmental impacts of design decisions during early-stage design. We propose a bi-level DfRem framework consisting of system-level reusability allocation and component-level design tradeoff analysis, considering reliability and product warranty policy. First, a system-level reusability allocation problem aims at a theoretical exploration of the design space where all the components comprising the system are allocated certain reuse rates to achieve target energy savings with minimum cost. Following the theoretical exploration at the system level, a component-level analysis looks at practical design options for each component and trades-off between the overall cost and energy consumption for multiple remanufacturing cycles. Both levels of the framework require modeling component reuse for multiple remanufacturing cycles, which we achieve by using a branched power-law model that provides probabilistic scenarios of reusing the component or replacing it with a new part. We demonstrate the utility of this framework with the case study of an infinitely variable transmission (IVT) used by some agricultural machines manufactured by John Deere and show snapshots of a prototype software tool that we developed for easy use by designers.

Warranty and maintenance service contracts for repairable products

This paper deals with warranty and maintenance service contracts for repairable products, which involve three parties – i.e., Manufacturer, Service Agent (SA), and Consumer. Six maintenance service contract (MSC) options are proposed and examined, which include an option where the manufacturer sales a package of a product and maintenance services (known as a product service system). The study of MSCs is done from three different perspectives — the Manufacturer, the SA, and the customer. The goal for the study is to determine the optimal price of each option and to select best option (for the consumer), which maximize profits which are a common interest of the three parties involved. The decision problems for the three parties are modeled using a Stackelberg game theory formulation. As the decision problems are interdependent, then the bi-level optimization formulation is used to find best solutions. A genetic algorithm is used to obtain the best solution (including the best price for each option offered and the best option for the consumer). Numerical examples examining six cases are presented to illustrate the best solution.

Warranty Reserve Management: Demand Learning and Funds Pooling

Problem definition: Warranty reserves are funds used to fulfill future warranty obligations for a product. In this paper, we investigate the warranty reserve planning problem faced by a manufacturing firm who manages warranties for multiple products. Academic/practical relevance: It is nontrivial to determine a proper amount of reserves to hold, because warranty expenditures are random in nature and reserving either excess or insufficient cash would incur losses. How can warranty reserve levels be optimized and promptly adjusted is a focal issue, especially for firms selling multiple products. Methodology: Inspired by the general pattern of empirical warranty claims data, we first develop an aggregate warranty cost (AWC) forecasting model for a single product by coupling stochastic product sales and failure processes, which can be used to plan for warranty reserves periodically. The reserve levels are then optimized via a distributionally robust approach, because the exact distribution of AWC is generally unknown. To reduce the losses generated from managing the funds, we further investigate two potential loss-reduction approaches: demand learning and funds pooling. Results: For the demand learning algorithm, we prove that, as the sales period grows, the optimal learning parameter asymptotically converges to a constant in a fairly fast rate; our simulation experiments show that the performance of demand learning is promising and robust under general warranty claim patterns. Moreover, we find that the benefits of funds pooling change over different stages of the warranty life cycle; in particular, the relative pooling benefit in terms of reserve losses is nonincreasing over time. Managerial implications: This study offers guidelines on how manufacturers should adaptively forecast and dynamically plan warranty reserves over the warranty life cycle.

Optimal warranty policy for repairable products with a three-dimensional renewable combination warranty

Nowadays, the post-sale warranty has become a crucial marketing strategy, and how to design and determine the optimal warranty policy has become one of the important issues for manufacturers. In the existing literature, warranty design and optimization mainly focus on one-dimensional and two-dimensional policies. However, as competition intensifies and customer requirements increase, product warranty terms usually involve three or more factors. In this paper, we propose a three-dimensional warranty policy for repairable products, in which limitations on failure time, repair time, and repair number are integrated. Considering the conflict between manufacturers and consumers, a novel renewable combination replacement warranty is further designed. By developing the corresponding sale price and warranty cost models, a profit optimization model is proposed. From the manufacturer’s perspective, the optimal warranty policy is obtained by maximizing the expected profit. A numerical example with sensitivity analysis and comparison studies is conducted to illustrate the proposed model. The results show that the proposed warranty policy can make the manufacturer more profitable and help to reduce the conflict between the manufacturer and the consumer.

Warranty Length, Product Reliability, and Secondary Markets

Problem definition: Inspired by variations in warranty length specifications in the U.S. automotive industry, we study how a durable good producer’s product warranty length choice relates to its product reliability. We introduce a producer’s secondary market interference (e.g., buyback of used products) as a possible driver for such variations observed in practice. Methodology/results: Using an analytical model of a monopolist finitely durable good producer, we first study the interaction between product reliability and the producer’s warranty length choice in the presence of secondary market interference. This analysis suggests that a durable good producer’s warranty length offering is U-shaped in its product reliability. That is, only producers with sufficiently low or high product reliability benefit from offering longer product warranties. Otherwise, a short warranty offering is preferred. We show that this result is driven by a producer’s strategic use of secondary market interference. We then test the predictions from these results in the automotive industry. An exploratory analysis of U.S. automotive industry data also suggests a U-shaped association between warranty offerings and product reliability, and points to the theoretically predicted dependency between producers’ secondary market interference and warranty length. Managerial implications: Producers with sufficiently high product reliability will benefit from longer warranties, as longer warranty coverage has marginal impact on their new product demand cannibalization by used products and warranty fulfillment costs. In contrast, producers with sufficiently low product reliability can use secondary market interference to jointly avoid the cannibalization from used products and high warranty fulfilment costs associated with long warranties for low reliability products. Producers with moderate product reliability, on the other hand, cannot leverage secondary market interference as effectively, and benefit more from shorter warranty offerings.

Dissemination of Consumer Law and Policy in Brazil: The Impact of EU Law.

This paper analyses the influence of European Law on Brazilian Consumer Law. It starts by describing the general features of Brazilian Consumer Protection law, including the constitutional dimension of consumer protection, and the introduction of the Brazilian Consumer Protection and Defence Code (CDC). It also highlights product liability, product safety, and product warranties. Some of these topics are illustrated by the case of the telecommunications sector.

Optimal joint design of two-dimensional warranty and preventive maintenance policies for new products considering learning effects

Providing free preventive maintenance (PM) for products during the warranty period is a prevalent type of combinational warranty design in the market, particularly in the automobile industry. The characteristics of certain new products, such as short life cycles, frequent updates, and complex functions require customers and manufacturers to continuously learn during the use and maintenance process, which leads to learning effects of both parties in the warranty period. In this study, we investigate the “PM–two-dimensional (2D) warranty design” problem with the aim of maximizing the profit of the manufacturer. Profit is affected by the number of PMs as well as the age- and usage-based PM intervals. Moreover, we explore the influence of the learning effects on the 2D warranty design by introducing two scenarios. A heuristic algorithm is applied to solve the optimization models for various policies under different scenarios. A comparison of the results of the studied models reveals that simultaneous consideration of PM planning and 2D warranty design is a win-win strategy for the manufacturer and customers, and learning effects are critical elements in the design process, which can improve the accuracy and rationality of the design. A few management recommendations are provided based on the sensitivity analysis results.

Study of A Two-stage Random Warranty to Maintain Fairness

Driven by digital technologies, high-tech product management personnel can ensure the product reliability by means of monitored working cycles. In this paper, a manufacturer's random warranty is designed to ensure the reliability during the warranty stage and a consumer's random maintenance policy is modeled to ensure the reliability during the post-warranty stage. The designed random warranty is named a two-stage two-dimensional free repair warranty (2DFRW), where the product is minimally repaired at each failure and the regions of the second stage warranty are different in order to remove all inequities resulting from the first stage warranty.

Is Product Warranty a Liability or Competitive Differentiator : Mehta’s Quandary

Is Product Warranty a Liability or Competitive Differentiator : Mehta’s Quandary

Analisis 7 Atribut e-Commerce Berbasis Website sebagai Dasar Preferensi Konsumen di Kota Bandung dengan Pendekatan Analisis Konjoin

Abstract The lifestyle in the era resulted in people's behavior, one of the activities and related to modern technology is e-commerce. This study aims to define the consumer preferences in Bandung when choosing e-commerce. Respondents in this study were 100 people who live in Bandung and who have used e-commerce, especially Shopee, Tokopedia, Bukalapak, Lazada, Blibli. The sampling method is a non-probability sampling technique. The method used in this research is a quantitative type using technical descriptive analysis and conjoint analysis. With 18 stimuli questions using a Likert scale. The results showed that there was a utility value at the attribute level of cash on delivery by the score is 0.208, an important attribute was in the payment method by the score is 23,882, and the highest consumer value index was stimulation with the combination of attribute payment method (cash on delivery), shipping costs (fixed) cost delivery, delivery speed (order now and sent now), the product warranty (can be exchanged for the same product), security (the website uses a data security system), product (product according to the description provided), website display (product advertisements on website view).

Promoting a novel method for warranty claim prediction based on social network data

Warranty plays an important role in retaining consumers' loyalty, increasing the competitive advantage and the profit of companies. Moreover, warranty claim prediction based on social media is a novel area, enabling managers to foresee problems in production and take the proper measures to mitigate them. The higher the precision of the warranty claim predictions, the lower the risk the company faces. This paper examines the impacts of utilizing social media data on daily warranty claim prediction. In this paper, we showed that social media data could enhance the accuracy of daily warranty claim predictions. We cooperated with Sam Service Warranty Company that provides warranty and aftersales services for Samsung products in Iran. Warranty operational data along with Twitter data analyses were used to improve the precision of warranty claim prediction. Operational data from Sam Service Company include the total number of warranties, the number of warranties for new customers, and the number of warranties for those who return. A novel framework was presented that uses the Random Forrest algorithm for prediction of the number of daily warranty claims. The results show that our framework improves the accuracy of out-of-sample warranty claims predictions, with respective development at a range of 14.98% to 21.90% across various timeframes. Improving prediction accuracy enables managers to effectively minimize warranty-related costs, inventory levels, waste, and customer dissatisfaction while maximizing the return on investment, profit, efficiency, and customer satisfaction.

Joint optimization for product warranty and preventive maintenance in service supply chain

Industrial competition has been extended from the traditional price and quality competition to warranty competition, from the single manufacturer competition to the whole supply chain system competition. Existing research mainly focuses on the decision-making problems of warranty period and price. However, with the increasing complexity and safety requirements of CNC machine tools and other engineering equipment, customers have put forward higher requirements for product quality and equipment reliability. In this paper, the equipment product deteriorating with aging is taken as the research object, and a two-level service supply chain profit model under Stackelberg game with strong manufacturer bundled sales of “product + warranty” is constructed. Moreover, the impact of warranty period and preventive maintenance frequency on the equilibrium price of product-service package is discussed. This paper provides a new and scientific approach for the optimization of product service strategy.

Design of Bag Product’s Marketing Strategy by Implementing QFD Method and SWOT Analysis

Production of children's backpacks has experienced a decline in sales over the past three years. This is experienced by CV Semesta Agung (SA), a textile company that produces t-shirts, jeans, and children's backpacks. The decline of children's backpacks sales occurred because of the large number of competitors and it needs a solution to overcome it. This research aims to design the marketing strategy by implementing QFD method and SWOT analysis. The method used is Quality Function Deployment (QFD) stage one, which is a matrix creation of House of Quality (HOQ) and SWOT. Based on the findings of the research, there are several product attributes that should be considered in a production of children’s backpack, such as attractive design/motif, the quality of materials and stitches, affordable price, and product durability. In addition, based on this research, it can be concluded that several marketing strategies can be implemented by companies, which is gained from SWOT method. The first one is WO strategy that can be done by expanding a marketing area in Bandung city, improving packaging design, providing product warranty, giving discount, and manufacturing waterproof children’s backpack. The second one is ST strategy by improving quality of product and worker skills, as well as reducing production cost. The third one is WT strategy by designing more attractive bag products and creating a new product.

A Semantic Similarity Model to Compare Heterogeneous Data Sources to Augment Engineering Data with New Failure modes in Automotive Industry

In real life industry, in-time exposure of symptoms and their failure modes observed during fault events provide key signals to system engineers to take necessary corrective actions for effectively arresting product defects. A real-life ontology-based semantic similarity system is employed for automatic comparison of engineering data (comes in the form of design failure mode effect analysis, DFMEA data) with the field repair data collected during product warranty period. Given the complexity of engineering data and the overwhelming volume (hundreds of millions of data points) of field repair data makes identification of new symptoms and failure modes from the first principles an impractical task. Typically, the engineering data is recorded by using technical vocabulary, e.g. unstable electric contact, Seat Belt comfort per MVSS208, whereas the field repair data is highly unstructured in nature. Consequently, we observe following types of noises in the field repair data – abbreviated text entries, inconsistent use of vocabulary (‘seat buckle is damaged’ vs ‘buckle unlatching’), and finally the incomplete text entries. More importantly, limited mental mapping capacity of a human agent limits discovery of new symptoms and failure modes from the industrial scale data. Not surprisingly, the text mining and semantic similarity are gaining a serious attention due to their ability to automatically discover the knowledge assets buried in unstructured text by training machines to compare and link high volume of data. In our approach, initially the key constructs (e.g. symptoms, failure modes) from the data are annotated by using the domain ontology. These constructs are then used to construct pairs of terms and pairs of tuples, which are used to compute pair-to-pair and tuple-to-tuple semantic similarity respectively. Finally, the text-to-text semantic similarity is calculated by combining other two semantic similarity scores. It is used to determine whether new symptoms or failure modes from the field repair data can be used to augment the DFMEA data. The proposed method is implemented as a prototype tool and its performance is validated by using real-life data from automobile domain. On an average, our system has F1 score of 0.75 and 0.78 in discovering and identifying new symptoms and synonym symptoms respectively, whereas it achieved the F1 score of 0.72 and 0.68 in discovering new failure modes and in identifying synonym failure modes respectively. The fault detection rate is improved by 35%, whereas the fault isolation rate is improved by 40.5%.

Reliability and Sensitivity Analysis of a Repairable System with Warranty and Administrative Delay in Repair

The purpose of this study is to analyze the behavior of some industrial systems in light of the cost-free warranty policy. According to this policy, we assume that the repairman is not always present in the system. When the active unit fails, the repairman will be called to visit the system; however, administrative procedures may delay the visit for some time. Once on the system, the repairman first inspects whether the fault is caused by the user or not and whether it is repairable or not. According to product warranty laws, the repairman carries out the repair or replacement of the faulty unit. The failure time, administrative delay time, inspection time, and repair time are assumed taken as a negative exponential distribution. The system model is analyzed by the supplementary variable technique and Laplace transform, as various performance metrics of system efficiency have been obtained. The sensitivity and relative sensitivity analyses for the system parameters have also been performed. Finally, an illustrative example is taken to illustrate the efficiency of the system.

The joint determination of process mean, warranty period, replenishment cycle time, and trade credit period under the single-manufacturer single-retailer model

Banu and Mondal proposed an integrated inventory model with/without manufacturer’s product warranty and customer’s trade credit. Their model needs to obtain the optimal product warranty, retailer’s cycle length, and customer’s credit period with the maximum of the expected total profit per unit time. Their model can be further applied in the process control. In this paper, the author presents a modified Banu and Mondal’s model with product warranty for obtaining the optimal process mean, warranty period, retailer’s replenishment cycle time, and customer’s trade credit period. Consider that the product quality is normally distributed with unknown process mean, known standard deviation, and larger-the-better characteristic. Numerical example and sensitivity analysis of some parameters will be provided for illustration.