Production Of Powders Research Articles

Electrolyte-Plasma Production of Metal Powders for Additive Manufacturing

Electrolyte-Plasma Production of Metal Powders for Additive Manufacturing

Optimization of LiNiCoMnO2 Cathode Material Synthesis Using Polyvinyl Alcohol Solution Method for Improved Lithium-Ion Batteries.

The growing need for lithium-ion batteries, fueled by the widespread use of electric vehicles (EVs) and portable electronic devices, requires high energy density and safety. The cathode material Li1-x(NiyCozMn1-y-z)O2 (NCM) shows promise, but attaining high efficiency necessitates optimization of both composition and manufacturing methods. Polycrystalline LiNiCoMnO2 powders were synthesized and assessed in this investigation using a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution method. The study examined different synthesis conditions, such as the PVA to metal ions ratio and the molecular weight of PVA, to assess their influence on powder characteristics. Electrochemical analysis indicated that cathode materials synthesized with a relatively high quantity of PVA with a molecular weight of 98,000 exhibited the highest discharge capacity of 170.34 mAh/g and a high lithium-ion diffusion coefficient of 1.19 × 10-9 cm2/s. Moreover, decreasing the PVA content, irrespective of its molecular weight, led to the production of powders with reduced surface areas and increased pore sizes. The adjustments of PVA during synthesis resulted in pre-sintering observed during the synthesis process, which had an impact on the long-term stability of batteries. The electrodes produced from the synthesized powders had a positive impact on the insertion and extraction of Li+ ions, thereby improving the electrochemical performance of the batteries. This study reveals that cathode materials synthesized with a high quantity of PVA with a molecular weight of 98,000 exhibited the highest discharge capacity of 170.34 mAh/g and a high lithium-ion diffusion coefficient of 1.19 × 10-9 cm2/s. The findings underscore the significance of optimizing methods for synthesizing PVA-based materials to enhance the electrochemical properties of NCM cathode materials, contributing to the advancement of lithium-ion battery technology. The findings underscore the significance of optimizing methods for synthesizing PVA-based materials and their influence on the electrochemical properties of NCM cathode materials. This contributes to the continuous progress in lithium-ion battery technology.

Optimizing the extraction of polyphenols from Prunus spinosa L. fruit using response surface methodology and production of powders from optimized extracts by foam mat drying

Prunus spinosa L., commonly known as blackthorn, holds traditional significance both as a food source and an herbal remedy. This study aims to determine the extract that includes the highest total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant capacity (AC) using DPPH and CUPRAC assays, and vitamin C from blackthorn using the response surface method in an ultrasonic water bath and to this extract into powder by foam mat drying. The investigation comprises two primary phases. Firstly, the impact of temperature (20–80 °C) and extraction time (5–30 min) on TPC, AC, and vitamin C were systematically explored. Subsequently, the extracts derived from blackthorn fruit were subjected to foam mat drying, utilizing two distinct ratios (7:3 w/w and 8:2 w/w) of foaming agents [maltodextrin (MD) to egg white (EW)], along with three drying techniques (oven, microwave, and natural drying). The optimized extraction parameters were determined as follows: temperature (80 °C) and time (30 min). Furthermore, the results reveal that microwave-dried powders with a low EW ratio exhibit superior preservation of TPC, AC, and vitamin C content. This research underscores the potential utility of foam mat-dried blackthorn powders as functional ingredients and natural colorants within the realm of the food industry.

Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Zirconia Nanoparticles in Dental Applications

Scientists and dentists use tiny particles called ZrO2/Nps (Zirconia Nanoparticles) in medicine. In addition, zirconia particles are commonly used in the realm of medicine and dentistry. They are ideal for tooth structure because of their beneficial properties. The objective of this research is to prepare zirconium oxide nanoparticles in a simple and easy way. Nano-zirconium oxide is prepared using the co-precipitation method. The produced powder was diagnosed using tools like X-ray diffraction, microscopy, and spectroscopy, which also analyzed its properties such as X-ray spectroscopy and density measurement. The XRD results confirmed that the powder product has high purity. The crystal size range is 27.97nm. The results match the (JCPDS (ZrO2) sheet No.79-1769). The EDX test revealed the presence of the following elements (Zr–O). The test of SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) show that the particles nearly spherical and the size was 74.03nm. The Zr–O stretching modes and the Zr–O2–Zr bending modes were confirmed by the FTIR (Fourier transform infrared). The density of ZrO2/Np was measured several times and determined it to be (5.07±0.12 g/cm3).

A Taguchi-Simplex Algorithm for the Optimization of Tapped Density for Particulate Orange Peels

In the composite industry, green fillers transported between locations face undesirable impacts of road surface on powder loads but few methods accurately account for this challenge in tapped density measurements. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a methodology to help composite development engineers manage the transportation of orange particles in transit, on vehicles as they move from the particle production locations to the production process locations. In this paper, the Taguchi method-simplex algorithm (TM-SA) method is proposed for the tapped density optimization of orange peel particulates (OPPs). OPPs of 0.425 and 0.600mm for automobile applications are optimized using experimental data. Managing the transportation process of orange peel particulates and their outcomes needs managing substantial tapped density information. Taguchi method was integrated into the objective function of a simplex algorithm. The tapped density parameters were optimized at the lowest parametric values and the constraints were formulated. It was revealed that for the 0.425mm orange peel particulates, the optimal values and volumetric values were lower by 0.09% and lower by 4.06%, respectively. For the 0.600mm, the optimal values and volumetric values were higher by 0.005% and 6.91%, respectively, when the current method was compared with the literature values from the grey relational analysis. The results at optimality support the effectiveness of the method and were validated by the grey relational analysis results from the literature. The utility of our research is to help green filler powder manufacturers assure cost-effective decisions and logistics delivery optimization.

The influence of anti-caking agents on powder flow properties of ready-to-drink coffee during storage

Anti-caking agents are used in powder product formulations to prevent caking and to positively influence consumer preferences. In this study, ready-to-drink coffees, which are highly consumed were preferred and silicon dioxide (SiO2), maltodextrin (MD), glycerol monostearate (GMS), tricalcium phosphate (TCP) additives were added to the product formulations as anti-caking agents. Caking, cohesion and powder flow rate dependence (PFSD) tests were carried out on the 1st, 15th, 30th, 30th, 45th, 60th, 75th and 90th days and Scanned Electron Microscope (SEM) images were taken. In this way, the performances of anti-caking agents on instant coffee powder products during storage processes were determined. At the end of the study, it was determined that the powder flow properties of the anti-caking agents during the storage process were different. While the mean cake strength value of the control coffee sample was determined in the range of 93.90-159.63 g mm during the storage period, no caking was observed in the MD sample. The SEM imaging results of the samples are similar to the powder flow measurement values.

A novel alloy design approach in developing CoNi-based high entropy superalloy using high entropy alloys thermodynamic and spark plasma sintering

This study introduces an innovative alloy design strategy by integrating HEAs principles to develop CoNi-based high entropy superalloys (HESAs). The powder of designed HESA produced using gas atomization and consolidated using spark plasma sintering (SPS). The alloy design strategy validated by CALPHAD to mitigate detrimental phase precipitation and segregation during powder production, material consolidation, and post-processing heat treatments. CoNi-HESA powder with a calculated mixing entropy of 1.568R was successfully developed and consolidated using SPS. Optimization of SPS parameters at 1175 °C, 10 min, and 100 °C/min achieved a relative density of 99.9 %. Subsequent heat treatments further improved the material's characteristics. Solutionizing at 1190 ± 10 °C for 2 h with water quenching resulted in a fine grain structure of ∼7 μm grain size. Aging at 900 °C for 24 h, followed by water quenching, yielded uniformly distributed fine γ′ precipitates comprising approximately 65 % of the γ matrix, without unwanted secondary precipitates or TCP phases. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the novel approach in designing CoNi-based HESAs and optimizing their properties through careful process parameter selection and post-heat treatment cycles. The combination of thermodynamic calculations, HEA principles, and powder metallurgy techniques offers a promising approach for developing advanced high entropy superalloys with tailored microstructures.

Evaluation of Different Drying Methods and Leaf Age on the Retention of Phytochemical and Nutritional Attributes of Moringa Leaf Powder

Moringa (Moringa oleifera), indigenous to India and Africa, is esteemed for its dual utility as a minor timber source and, more importantly, as a vegetable crop. The leaves of the moringa tree are exceptionally nutrient-dense, containing essential elements such as iron, calcium, proteins, vitamins A, C, and E, dietary fiber, phosphorus, and potassium, all vital for human health. Furthermore, these leaves are rich in antioxidants, including flavonoids and phenolics, which endow them with significant medicinal properties. Despite its sporadic cultivation hindering global availability, the production of moringa leaf powder presents a viable strategy to bolster its international export potential. This study aims to assess the efficacy of various drying techniques in producing moringa leaf powder while preserving its nutritional integrity. Conducted at the Post-Harvest Technology Laboratory within the Department of Horticulture, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, and the Department of Processing and Food Engineering, College of Technology and Agricultural Engineering at Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India, this research evaluates the nutritional quality of moringa leaf powder produced via different drying methods and from leaves of varying ages. Our findings indicate that the fluidized bed dryer excels in preserving the nutritional quality of the powder compared to tray and heat pump dryers. Additionally, the study concludes that heat pump dryers are unsuitable for producing high-quality moringa leaf powder.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ПРОЦЕССА СМЕШЕНИЯ ОСНОВНЫХ КОМПОНЕНТОВ АДСОРБИРУЮЩЕГО ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОГО СРЕДСТВА

The results of research on the study of the mixing process to develop the basic composition of an adsorbent hygienic product for keeping animals and birds in accordance with sanitary standards are presented. The possibility of using a rotary ball mill as the most effective apparatus for grinding and mixing and a turbulent mixer, ensuring high homogeneity when mixing the main ingredients of mixtures, is investigated. In result of studying the processes of mixing the main ingredients in the preparation of an adsorbent hygiene product in various mixing units, an effective basic composition of an adsorbent hygiene product is obtained. Moreover, the components chalk M-5, attapulgite and synthetic amorphous silicon dioxide, obtained by mixing in a turbulent mixer and corresponding to the required specific surface area of 12000 cm2/g, which will provide the necessary sorption capacity and thereby ensure a reduction in pathogenic microflora in places where farm animals and poultry are kept. The developed basis of an adsorbent hygienic powder product, due to its significant specific surface area, will provide a high degree of moisture absorption and create the required level of sanitary and hygienic conditions for keeping animals and birds. Creating a favorable climate for keeping farm animals and poultry will significantly prevent the proliferation of bacteria, which will entail a significant reduction in the consumption of antibiotics when raising farm animals, reduce the level of unpleasant odors, and provide a dry environment for keeping animals and birds

Mineral powder based on basalt insulation waste for asphalt concrete

The article discusses the composition and production technology of mineral powder using waste basalt insulation. This study aims to confirm the hypothesis about the possibility of using basalt waste in the production of mineral powder with technical parameters corresponding to approved standards for the production of asphalt concrete. For definition of qualitative indicators of the received product in comparison with the control sample the researches of the basic indicators of mineral powder according to operating norms are given. Such indicators as grain composition of mineral powder, porosity and density were determined, indicating a more dense structure of the developed composition: the content of particles finer than 0.125 mm – 91.4 %, finer than 0.063 mm – 82.2 % with porosity index 28.1 % and true density 2.49 g/cm3. It was found that the mineral powder from waste basalt mineral slabs has a uniform and balanced grain distribution. At moisture content of samples less than 0.1 % by weight the bitumen capacity index of the tested mineral powder sample in comparison with the control sample showed better value by 2 g, at the same time the degree of swelling of samples from the mixture of powder and bitumen showed better result by 0.1 %. The obtained results indicate that the mineral powder on the basis of waste is able to hold bitumen well on its surface, which contributes to the improvement of adhesion between bitumen and mineral particles. The lower degree of swelling characterizes the increased water resistance and frost resistance of asphalt concrete with the use of this mineral powder. Considering that basalt mineral slabs are waste, their use in the production of mineral powder for asphalt concrete fits into the concept of sustainable construction and can contribute to waste reduction and environmental sustainability of the construction process.

Determination of nano-graphene content for improved mechanical and tribological performance of Zn-based alloy matrix hybrid nanocomposites

The primary objective of this study is to explore the fabrication of a hybrid nanocomposite (HNC) composed of ZnAl40Cu2 alloy, graphene, and B4C particles, while also determining the optimal graphene reinforcement ratio for enhanced properties. Our methodology entails the production of HNC powders (HNPs) through mechanical milling, where we combine graphene nanoplatelets with B4C microparticles into ZnAl40Cu2 alloy powders. Throughout this process, we maintain a constant B4C content of 1.5 wt%, while varying the graphene content at 1.5 wt%, 3 wt%, and 4.5 wt%. Following the characterization of all produced powders, which includes an assessment of powder morphology, powder size distribution, and powder microhardness, we proceed to hot-press the HNPs to create bulk HNC samples. After consolidating the specimens, a comprehensive series of tests are carried out to determine microstructural, mechanical (hardness and tensile strength) and tribological properties. Our results reveal that the HNC specimen with graphene content of 3 wt% (referred to as A2) displays the most notable enhancements in properties. Specifically, A2 exhibits an impressive hardness of 163 HB, surpassing the hardness of the ZnAl40Cu2 matrix alloy, which measures at 133 HB. Furthermore, its ultimate tensile strength significantly outperforms the ZnAl40Cu2 matrix alloy, with a remarkable value of 223 MPa compared to 157 MPa. However, it is worth noting that the improvement in wear resistance for HNCs is most pronounced up to a certain threshold of graphene content, which is 3 wt%.

Bed Stability Control in Pulsed Fluidized-Bed Agglomeration of Instant Riceberry Powder Using an Image-Processing Technique.

The problematic cohesiveness of food powders can commonly be solved using pulsed fluidized-bed agglomeration. However, progressively larger granules may result in unstable fluidization. The aims of this research study were to investigate fluid bed expansion as affected by particle enlargement and to control its stability using an image-processing technique. Instant riceberry powder (IRP) was agglomerated using varied air pulsation frequencies (1, 2.5, and 4 Hz). Bed expansion captured by image processing revealed that expanded bed height decreased with agglomeration time. The results showed an enlargement of agglomerated IRP, expressed in D10, D50, and D90, with narrower distribution presented by span, and an improvement in bulk and reconstitution properties. The reduced Carr index (22-27%) and Hausner ratio (1.28-1.38) presented fair flowability and intermediate cohesiveness, respectively. Additionally, airflow during agglomerate growth was progressively adjusted using the image-processing method to enhance bed hydrodynamic stability, leading to improved process efficiency and product quality. This proposed approach has potential applications in the food powder manufacturing industry, particularly by enhancing the fluidization of cohesive particles with cracks and channels.

2. Formation and Production of Powder and Particles 2.3 Crystallization 2.3.6 Application of Local Supersaturation Fields Generated around Fine Gas-Liquid Interfaces for Crystallization Operations

2. Formation and Production of Powder and Particles 2.3 Crystallization 2.3.6 Application of Local Supersaturation Fields Generated around Fine Gas-Liquid Interfaces for Crystallization Operations

Feasibility study on mass-production of oxide dispersion strengthened Cu alloys for the divertor of DEMO fusion reactor

Oxide dispersion strengthened Cu (ODS Cu) alloys possess a high potential to be used as promising heat sink materials for the divertor system in DEMO fusion reactors. Considering their future application in fusion reactor divertor systems, mass-production of ODS Cu alloys is a must. The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of large-scale production of ODS Cu alloys by improving the production process based on the already established mass-production process of ODS Fe alloys in cooperation with the steel manufacturer Kobelco Research Institute. After optimization of the mechanical alloying (MA) parameters, a large-scale production of ODS Cu powders was successfully achieved with a recovery rate of over 90% and around 1Kg powder in one batch production using an industry-level attritor ball mill cooled by circulating water. The mass-produced ODS Cu alloys were comprehensively characterized, including mechanical properties, microstructure and thermal diffusivity, and a new concept of low-energy ball milling was proposed based on the results to realize the mass-production of ODS Cu alloys.

Achieving Optimal Dendritic Morphology in Ultralight Copper Powder Production through Hydrochloric Acid Intervention

Achieving Optimal Dendritic Morphology in Ultralight Copper Powder Production through Hydrochloric Acid Intervention

Using response surface methodology to optimize foam drying conditions related to drying rate and B-carotene concentration of orange-fleshed sweet potato powder

Response surface methodology and Box-Behnken design (3 factors and 3 levels) were performed to optimize the effects of different egg albumin contents (5-15%), xanthan gum (0.1-0.5%) and drying temperature (50-70oC). Drying rate and β-carotene content are indicators observed through 18 experimental runs and 6 repetitions at the center point. Finally, the physical properties such as color, water solubility index, water absorption index and rehydration ratio together with moisture content, water activity and microstructural of OFSP powder were analysed. The total polyphenol content (TPC), DPPH scavenging activity and β -carotene were analysed. Research results revealed that the optimal egg albumin concentration, xanthan gum concentration and drying temperature of 10.73%, 0.33% and 65.48oC, respectively as foam-mat drying parameters were recorded. From those optimal parameters, the optimal values of drying rate and β-carotene were determined to be 2.34 g water/g dry matter/min (maximize) and 51.82 µg/g (maximize), respectively. Foam-mat dried powder contained low moisture content and water activity, 4.15% and 0.343, respectively, along with water solubility index, water absorption index and rehydration ratio were respectively determined to be 45.87%, 2.36% and 3.97. The color of foam-mat dried OFSP powder was evaluated. According to the findings, the content of β-carotene (48.61±0.5 μg/g) and TPC (2.24±0.04 mgGAE/g) along with antioxidant activity (57.43±1.2%) of OFSP powder products were also determined. SEM analysis of OFSP powder particles at different magnifications showed that they have irregular surface morphology and flake-like structures, different from the structure of powder particles dried by convection drying method, the surface is quite smooth and the structure is intact.

Improving Tea Powder Production Productivity through the Implementation of Environmental Friendly Principles

Abstract The powdered tea production industry is a crucial sector within the global food and beverage industry. However, the rapid growth in consumer demand has given rise to significant environmental challenges, including deforestation, excessive use of natural resources, and hazardous waste. This research addresses how the application of environmentally friendly principles in the powdered tea production process can effectively enhance productivity while reducing negative environmental impacts. We explore sustainable technology strategies, waste management, and agricultural practices in the context of powdered tea production. The concise articulation of these research findings offers valuable insights for companies and producers seeking to embrace a more sustainable approach in powdered tea production.

Sosialisasi Dan Praktek Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Dalam Pembuatan Sirup Jahe Pada Dasawiswa Melati Sumberanyar Banyuputih Situbondo

The ginger plant has an important role in the development of health in Indonesia, both as a preventive and promotive approach to maintaining health. This plant is a type of rhizome that is easy to cultivate and is widespread in Indonesia. Apart from being used as a spice and cooking spice, ginger is also an important commodity in industry, especially in the production of ginger powder and syrup. One example of the activities carried out is the socialization of ginger making in Ranurejo Hamlet, Sumberanyar Village, Banyuputih District, Situbondo Regency, East Java Province, which is specifically aimed at women of Dasawiswa Melati Rt.002 Rw.001. The method applied in this activity is participatory, where participants are directly involved in its implementation. The entire socialization process went smoothly, with participants showing high enthusiasm and activeness in participating in this activity.

Application of Foam Mat Drying for the Production of Tempoyak Powder

The production of tempoyak powder is a significant attempt to preserve tempoyak. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the proper amount of albumin and maltodextrin to produce tempoyak powder using foam mat drying. This study was divided into two stages, namely producing tempoyak powder by foam mat drying method and determining the characteristics. In the production, egg albumin was used as foaming agent in three concentrations, namely 10%, 15%, and 20%, as well as maltodextrin as a filler in 0% and 5%. Chemical and physical characteristics, such as proximate test, pH, total titrated acid, bulk and tap density, Carr Index (CI), and Hausner Ratio (HR) were investigated. The result showed that moisture content of tempoyak powder ranged from 10.22 to 13.34%. Tempoyak powder with 20% albumin but no maltodextrin had the lowest moisture content. Furthermore, the addition of albumin without maltodextrin increased foam overrun, accelerating drying process and powdered tempoyak with lower moisture concentration. The addition of maltodextrin decreased foam tempoyak overrun, causing drying process to be slower. Tempoyak powder had protein content ranging from 8.71 to 13.12%, and with 20% albumin and no maltodextrin, the highest protein level of 13.12% was obtained. Fat content ranged from 6.99 to 8.15%, with the highest observed in tempoyak powder with 20% albumin and no maltodextrin. The addition of albumin as foaming agent increased protein and fat content. Furthermore, the total titrated acid in powdered tempoyak products was not significantly different from fresh tempoyak. The result suggested that the acid content does not considerably reduce while drying. Tempoyak powders had CI and HR values that ranged from good to excellent, showing good flowability and cohesiveness.

A compact route for efficient production of high-purity β-Ga2O3 powder

A compact route for efficient production of high-purity β-Ga2O3 powder