Manual Mode Research Articles

Early-stage Testing of Thermal Power Dispatch Simulator for Subjective Mental Workload and Evolution Time

The excess thermal energy produced by nuclear power plants (NPPs) during low electricity demands can be utilized in industrial processes, such as hydrogen production, through a thermal power dispatch (TPD) system. Initial testing of the first iteration of a single-train TPD design with a manual control mode at the Idaho National Lab (INL) revealed a high operator workload and degraded control capability. The current study evaluated the impact of an enhanced dual-train TPD design on operators’ subjective mental workload and evolution task-time while completing two operating scenarios in manual and automatic control modes. The results showed no statistically significant difference between participants’ mental workload using both control modes. Evolution time in automatic control mode took a shorter time than in manual control, with participants completing all evolutions in less than the 10-min set as the design specification limit. The shorter evolution time is discussed within the context of plant safety and operational efficiency.

Power Factor Optimization with Cos Phi Mode Trainee

The power factor cos phi measures the efficiency of using electrical power in a system. A low power factor indicates the presence of high reactive power consumption, which can lead to increased energy losses and operational costs. To overcome this problem, an effective power factor regulation system is required. This research designed and developed the Cos Phi Trainer, which operates in two modes, manual and automatic, to improve the power factor at an electrical load. The system is designed to give users a practical understanding of measuring and improving power factors by setting up compensation capacitors. In manual mode, the user directly sets the value of the capacitor used to fix the power factor. While in automatic mode, the system uses current and voltage sensors to measure the power factor value in real-time and automatically adjusts the capacitor to achieve the optimal power factor. The trainer has an easy-to-use interface and a measurement panel that displays important parameters such as current, voltage, active power, reactive power, and power factor. The test results show that the system can significantly increase the power factor in manual and automatic modes. Thus, this Cos Phi Trainer is an effective tool for training in the laboratory of Indorama Engineering Polytechnic and teaching about electrical power management and energy loss reduction in the electrical system. Keywords: Power factor, manual, active power, reactive power, trainer

7431 Non-Insulin Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: The Power of GLP-1 and GLP-1/GIP RA

Abstract Disclosure: J. Ferri-Guerra: None. E. Kasper-Guerra: None. O. Abdulhussein: None. G. Madrigal Loria: None. J. Ambalavanan: None. K. Zhou: None. Background: Insulin is the mainstay of treatment of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). However, patients with T1D can also potentially benefit from adjunctive therapies such as GLP-1 receptor agonists or GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists, especially when obesity and elevated cardiovascular risk are present. Case 1: A 64-year-old male with severe coronary artery disease requiring revascularization and obesity with T1D has been wearing a pump for insulin delivery since the age of 43, started on closed loop system Control IQ with Tandem in April 2022. In December 2022, patient had myocardial infarction. At that time, Hba1c was elevated at 7.6% and BMI was elevated at 32.5 kg/m2, and patient was considered a good candidate for tirzepatide, which was prescribed. The tirzepatide dose was slowly increased, up to 10 mg weekly. The new therapy resulted in loss of 17 kg (20.1% decrease of body weight) with only some mild nausea. There was an improvement in HbA1c to 7.1% and a dramatic reduction in daily average insulin use from 90 units to 52 units. Case 2: A 59-year-old female with obesity and T1D diagnosed at the age of 8 had been wearing insulin pump, Medtronic 670G in manual mode, for insulin delivery for the past few years with poor glycemic control. In August 2021, patient was prescribed semaglutide for post prandial hyperglycemia and obesity management (BMI at 31.6kg/m2). Since being on the medication, she lost 12kg (16.8% decrease in body weight), despite being on the lowest dose of 0.25 mg (maximum tolerated). Her HbA1c has improved from 8.2% when therapy was initiated, to 7% with just the introduction of semaglutide to her insulin regimen. Conclusion: Although insulin is a required therapy for patients with T1D, adjunctive therapies may improve glycemic control, reduce insulin requirements and promote weight loss. GLP-1 and dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists should be considered for these patients. Presentation: 6/1/2024

Эмиссия как элемент правового регулирования финансов

The article examines the dramatic changes in the role of monetary emission that have occurred in recent decades as a result of economic reforms. A formerly attributive institution forms the entire financial system and gives substance to it. These changes have not yet been reflected in the theory of financial law, a mechanism for legal regulation of monetary issue has not been developed. The proposals put forward are designed to draw the attention of legal scholars to monetary emission as a subject of legal regulation and, above all, to intensify the scientific discussion. According to the author, all the emission control tools currently used in the manual mode need serious legal regulation and theoretical understanding.

Reproducibility Of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer And Macular Volume Measurements In Patients Receiving Retinal Protection Pharmacotherapy

Background — High-quality monitoring of the glaucoma plays an important role in the early diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma, for which structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) is used. Technology that increases the repeatability and reproducibility of OCT may differ in different devices, thereby yielding different results. Objective — To assess the effect of the frequency of retinal protection pharmacotherapy courses on quantitative data regarding the macular volume and the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) measured by two instruments, SPECTRALIS and OPTOPOL, and also to evaluate the agreement between the data collected by these devices. Material and Methods — We monitored 17 patients (34 eyes) diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma in the advanced stage from 2019 to 2023. Group 1 including 9 patients (18 eyes) received a course of retinal protection pharmacotherapy with Retinalamin® at an interval of 3 months, while Group 2 comprising 8 patients (16 eyes) received similar treatment at an interval of 6 months. All observed patients underwent structural OCT on REVO NX (OPTOPOL Technology) and SPECTRALIS devices at the onset of the study, as well as after 3 and 6 months. Results — The agreement between the two devices in measuring RNFL thickness was estimated by the Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (LCCC): in manual mode, LCCCstart=0.69 (95% CI: 0.51-0.81); while in automatic mode, LCCCstart=0.73 (95% CI: 0.57-0.84). The agreement between the macular volume measurements was as follows: in manual mode, LCCCstart=0.21 (95% CI: 0.21-0.29); while in automatic mode, LCCCstart=0.21 (95% CI: 0.21-0.29). Conclusion — The agreement between the SPECTRALIS and OPTOPOL devices in terms of RNFL thickness should be considered substantial, while in terms of macular volume, it should be classified as fair. As measured in the manual mode, the RNFL thickness in both groups receiving Retinalamin increased, which can be interpreted as a favorable effect of retinal protection pharmacotherapy.

Design of robotic assistant for search and rescue operations

The need for search and rescue (SAR) operations arises in various situations: natural disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes, floods or avalanches, accidents, etc. It is known that the large volume and diversity of the identified area, the limited view, dangerous conditions and the presence of victims in remote or hard-to-reach places complicate such work. The use of advanced technologies such as robotics in improving the efficiency of search and rescue operations to solve problems in these cases allows us to obtain rational solutions. A robotic assistant for search and rescue operations has been developed, a 3D model has been developed. The robot is controlled autonomously or remotely, overcome difficult terrain, collect data and perform tasks that contribute to the search and rescue process. Internet of Things devices and sensors interact over the network, allowing you to collect, analyze and share data in real time. The Arduino board was chosen to create the project. The device circuit was assembled and the operation of the sensors was combined. The device used an ultrasonic sensor, a camera, LED lamps and a speaker for the sound of a siren. The robot assistant works in both offline and manual modes. The device is controlled via a web interface, and the video received by the camera is provided in real time. The wheels of the device can move over any terrain, and the device is designed so that it can move on both sides (under and over).

Human body features recognition based adaptive user interface for extra-large touch screens

With the widespread use of extra-large touch screens (eLTS) in various settings such as work and education, interaction efficiency and user experience have garnered increased attention. The current user interface (UI) layouts of eLTS are primarily categorized into two modes: fixed position and manual adjustment. The fixed UI layout fails to accommodate users of different heights and sizes, while the manual adjustment mode involves cumbersome steps and lacks sufficient flexibility. This study proposes an adaptive UI for eLTS. The optimal operational area on the eLTS is determined based on users’ height, eye level, arm length, face orientation, and distance from the screen. The eLTS menu is then positioned and displayed within this optimal area. Simulations involving users of various heights (P1 female, P50 male and female, and P99 male) were conducted to evaluate fatigue using the rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) method. The results indicate that the proposed adaptive UI significantly reduces user fatigue.

Effect of RapidShockTM Implementation on Perishock Pause in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Objectives Shorter pauses in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are associated with better health outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Our primary objective was to examine the effect of a RapidShockTM defibrillator software upgrade compared with standard defibrillator software on the length of perishock pause during care for OHCA among adults. Secondary objectives were to assess the effects of RapidShockTM on other CPR pauses. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study between September 1, 2015 and September 30, 2020. “Standard” cardiac defibrillator software in manual interpretation mode was used for CPR delivered on or before November 30, 2018, while “RapidShockTM” software (ZOLL® Medical Corporation) was used after this date. For each study group, we calculated the perishock, perianalysis, and total CPR pause; each CPR cycle was considered an independent event. We then calculated the median and interquartile range (IQR) for observed pauses with the “Standard” and “RapidShockTM” software. Percent change in median perishock pause (shockable rhythms), perianalysis pause (non-shockable rhythms), and total CPR pause were compared between CPR administered with each software using the Mann–Whitney test. Results There were 733 and 782 distinct CPR cycles administered using “Standard” and “RapidShockTM” software, respectively. A 31.8% reduction in median perishock pause was observed with “RapidShockTM” software compared with the “Standard” software (22.0 s (IQR 18.0 − 27.0 s) vs. 15.0 s (IQR 13.0 − 19.0 s); p < 0.01). The decrease in median perishock pause was driven by a reduction in the preshock phase (18 s vs. 10 s; 44.4% decrease in median pause; p < 0.01). No differences were observed in median perianalysis pause between the two groups. When combining shockable and non-shockable rhythms, we observed a reduction of 23.5% in median CPR pause (17.0 s (IQR 11.0 − 24.0 s) vs. 13s (IQR 10.0 − 17.0 s); p < 0.01). Conclusions Overall, we observed that the use of “RapidShockTM” defibrillator software was associated with shorter CPR pauses compared with the “Standard” software. Additional studies are required to examine whether further reductions in CPR pauses may be achieved and to investigate associations between shorter CPR pauses and health outcomes.

Automatic versus manual investing: Role of past performance

Using unique data from a leading peer-to-peer (P2P) lending platform, we investigate the link between past investment performance and choice of auto-investing tool. Our results suggest that investors who experience fewer defaults in the manual mode are more inclined to switch to automatic investment. Several factors account for this relationship, including investor inattention, decision speed, investment delegation, and experience. Regarding the latter, our results suggest that experienced investors are more likely to continue self-directed bidding, even if they have faced defaults in manual investments in the past. These investors may attribute their previous mistakes to their own actions rather than the limitations of the self-directed bids. Our results are robust to alternative specifications.

Comparison of two techniques of administering the Valsalva manoeuvre in patients under general anaesthesia: A randomised controlled study.

Surgeons often request a Valsalva manoeuvre (VM) at the end of surgery (head-neck surgery, craniotomy) to check haemostasis and to unmask covert venous bleeders. We aimed to compare an anaesthesia machine-generated objective technique for delivering VM under pressure-control (PC) mode with the traditional subjective technique of delivering VM in manual mode. This randomised controlled study included 60 adult patients randomised to manual (Group M) and controlled ventilation (Group C) groups. Our primary outcome measure was internal jugular vein (IJV) diameter at pre-determined time points (T0 = baseline, T1 = VM initiation, T2 = 20 s after VM initiation, T3 = immediately after VM release, and T4 = 1 min, T5 = 2 min and T6 = 5 min post-VM release). Secondary outcome measures included mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, time to desired plateau airway pressure, number of patients with bleeders unmasked and surgeon satisfaction. Independent/paired sample t-tests were applied. Results are expressed as mean (standard deviation), mean difference (95% confidence interval), dotted box-whisker plots and trendlines. P <0.05 is considered statistically significant. Mean differences in diameter changes in IJV (in centimetres) in the mediolateral and anteroposterior directions between Group C and Group M were -0.136 (-0.227, -0.044) and -0.073 (-0.143, -0.002), respectively. VM in the PC mode produced more significant IJV dilatation (P = 0.004, P = 0.044). MAP at T0 and T1 was comparable. At T2 and T3, there was a more significant fall in MAP in Group C versus Group M (P = 0.018 and P = 0.021, respectively). At T4, T5 and T6, MAP was comparable. Performing VM in PC mode is a better technique based on IJV diameter, haemodynamics, bleeder unmasking and surgeon satisfaction.

SOC chip based smart window curtain design

Relying on the rapid development of embedded systems, it becomes possible to integrate the system hardware into the same chip, and the system on chip SOC (System on Chips) is therefore birthed. This paper will be based on the SOC hardware and software co-design and verification, through the design of intelligent curtains for the specific implementation design of a kind of application in the al-in-one multi-functional machine motherboard design, the motherboard control core using SOC chip, integrated two MCU units, through the main control screen to display the control information to achieve the intelligent window switching conversion switching through the key such as manual mode, timer mode, light control mode. This design uses Keil as the software writing platform to realize the SOC master control system based on the on-chip bus interconnection. As well as this design can effectively reduce the degree of system cumbersomeness and provide smart window design ideas.

A novel hybrid adhesion method and autonomous locomotion mechanism for wall-climbing robots

In this paper we propose a novel adhesion method for the tracked wall-climbing robot. The method is based on the use of the tape, which the robot affixes to the wall during its movement. The adhesive side of the tape adheres to the wall, while the non-adhesive side allows for the robot's movement. The robot attaches to the tape using spikes located on the surface of its tracks. We developed the experimental prototype with a tracked locomotion mechanism weighing 1.2 kg, measuring 212 mm × 294 mm × 131 mm, and capable of carrying a payload of 2 kg. The battery life of the prototype is 3.5 h in standby mode and 1.8 h in moving mode. The prototype is controlled remotely through video transmission in manual mode and can move on both vertical and horizontal surfaces, and transition between them. The prototype has demonstrated the ability to move along a vertical surface, transition from a horizontal to a vertical surface, and recover from an unstable position in the case of a capsize. We used basic components and 3D printing in the manufacturing process. This suggests that we can make the prototype better by using different materials and components.

Optimizing Orchard Planting Efficiency with a GIS-Integrated Autonomous Soil-Drilling Robot

A typical orchard’s mechanical operation consists of three or four stages: lining and digging for plantation, moving the seedling from nurseries to the farm, moving the seedling to the planting hole, and planting the seedling in the hole. However, the digging of the planting hole is the most time-consuming operation. In fruit orchards, the use of robots is increasingly becoming more prevalent to increase operational efficiency. They offer practical and effective services to both industry and people, whether they are assigned to plant trees, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, or carry heavy loads to relieve staff. Robots can operate for extended periods of time and can be highly adept at repetitive tasks like planting many trees. The present study aims to identify the locations for planting trees in orchards using geographic information systems (GISs), to develop an autonomous drilling machine and use the developed robot to open planting holes. There is no comparable study on autonomous hole planting in the literature in this regard. The agricultural mobile robot is a four=wheeled nonholonomic robot with differential steering and forwarding capability to stable target positions. The designed mobile robot can be used in fully autonomous, partially autonomous, or fully manual modes. The drilling system, which is a y-axis shifter driven by a DC motor with a reducer includes an auger with a 2.1 HP gasoline engine. SOLIDWORKS 2020 software was used for designing and drawing the mobile robot and drilling system. The Microsoft Visual Basic.NET programming language was used to create the robot navigation system and drilling mechanism software. The cross-track error (XTE), which determines the distances between the actual and desired holes positions, was utilized to analyze the steering accuracy of the mobile robot to the drilling spots. Consequently, the average of the arithmetic means was determined to be 4.35 cm, and the standard deviation was 1.73 cm. This figure indicates that the suggested system is effective for drilling plant holes in orchards.

Assessing application errors on sports fields across varying levels of sprayer technology and operator experience

AbstractThis study aimed to quantify misses, overlaps, and oversprays on sports fields using different sprayer technologies across operator experience levels. Conducted from Winter 2022 to Summer 2023 at Veterans Park and Southwood Park in College Station, TX, identical studies were conducted on softball, baseball, and soccer fields. Employing a crossover design, six treatments were administered to three fields at each location, using manual, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), and GNSS + autosteer sprayer technologies. Operators ranged from a highly experienced former sports field manager with nearly 20 years of experience to four inexperienced undergraduate students. Field boundaries were georeferenced for target area determination and treatment applications, using water and a spray volume of 65 gal per acre. ArcMap calculated percentage target area missed, overlapped, and oversprayed based on the actual versus intended volume sprayed. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, and means were separated using Fisher's protected LSD (α = 0.05). Applications by inexperienced operators using manual spray mode typically resulted in the highest rates of percentage target area missed and overlapped across locations and field types. The use of GNSS and autosteer technologies markedly reduced these errors and, consequently, percentage target area oversprayed. This enhancement in the consistency of applications led to a reduction of up to 4.6% in the total volume applied on the softball, baseball, and soccer fields. Therefore, the findings suggest that investing in GNSS‐equipped sprayers with autosteer not only decreases the dependency on experienced operators but also minimizes errors and reduces total volume applied.

Machine learning-based clothing recommendation system for women: case study of Lady's confecciones

This paper presents a clothing recommendation system for women based on their body type, aiming to facilitate the purchasing process on the online sales channel of the company Lady's Confecciones located in the city of Santa Marta, Colombia. For this process, a user interface was designed to function in two ways: using a prediction model that takes as inputs a photograph of the user and their height, and a manual mode that receives the measurements of bust, hip and waist. The prediction model implemented the OpenCV library and the skinned multi-person linear (SMPL) model to process images and predict body shape and pose. Five body types were considered: triangle, apple, rectangle, hourglass and inverted triangle, differentiated by bust, waist and hip measurements, according to the conditions provided by the company. The system was able to predict the body measurements of the female participants with a maximum Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.97. For predicting body type, the best results were obtained for the rectangle body shape, with an accuracy of 92.31%.

Drone inspection path planning with self-organizing neural network of elastic Hebbian learning rule

Abstract As the scale of the power grid continues to expand, inspection scenarios become increasingly complex, and inspection and maintenance work in the power industry faces huge challenges. The traditional manual inspection mode has problems such as high cost, low efficiency, and poor safety. Using electric drones to inspect all equipment nodes in the area can effectively reduce operation and maintenance costs and ensure personnel safety. As a key technology to realize autonomous power inspection, UAV path planning needs to overcome difficulties such as long solution time and intersection of inspection paths. Therefore, this article conducts research on UAV path planning algorithms for large-scale power inspections, which is of great significance to improving the efficiency of power inspections. To avoid the occurrence of path intersections and improve the path planning effect, this paper uses the convex hull property in graph theory to design elastic Hebbian learning rules and proposes a self-organizing neural network algorithm based on elastic Hebbian learning rules.

Digital twin for monitoring threshing performance of combine harvesters

The threshing performance of combine harvesters is crucial for minimizing grain losses. However, threshing is a highly complex process, and direct monitoring is infeasible due to high rotational speeds and concealed locations. This study introduces a method to enhance threshing performance monitoring by using digital twin (DT). A sensor network was developed to acquire on-site data. The DT was constructed by integrating a surrogate model of a discrete element model, which describes system responses, with a neural network predicting the future grain breakage rate (GBR). Test results indicate that the DT improved threshing monitoring capabilities and facilitated online optimization of settings. Compared to manual and feedback control modes, the GBR was reduced by 2.08 % and 1.00 %, and the working speed increased by 1.12 km/h and 1.47 km/h. The practical value of this study lies in reducing grain loss and enhancing harvest efficiency, providing advanced technological support for mechanical grain harvesting.

Разработка кроссплатформенного приложения для управления робототехническим комплексом

A brief analysis of the approaches currently used to develop management programs is provided, their application features, advantages and disadvantages are identified. For the study, the development of a cross-platform appli-cation of control systems for robotic complexes (RTC) was chosen, using the example of RTC with MP-11 robotic manipulators. The structure of the control system includes a controller on the Arduino Mega 2560 Pro Mini board with a loaded low-level program and an upper-level program. The development is carried out on the platform.NET MAUI, which allows you to create an application for Windows, Android, and IOS operating systems on a single code base, i.e. the same code is automatically compiled for all operating systems, taking into account their features and applied elements. The control computer is connected via USB, mobile devices via Bluetooth, while data is programmatically transmitted via a serial port. The description of the modes of operation of the developed application, its functioning algorithms, indicating the features of execution for this type of programs and the appearance of forms with elements located on them is given. The program provides manual and automatic modes of operation, as well as control of not only the RTC, but also its model. The key features of this application are the use of a single code base and design for the implementation of desktop and mobile applications for various operating systems without using network resources, unlike web applications.

User Interface and Navigation System for an Electric Vehicle for the Disabled

The purpose of this work is to link a natural user interface and an autonomous navigation system to a conventional wheelchair with two control modalities: manual and automatic. It is taken into account that not all people have the same type or degree of disability, for this reason we seek to implement a user interface that involves different forms of user-machine interaction, with which the user can choose the manual mode that allows direct commands to control the movement of the chair and the automatic mode, which only needs the point or place where you need to go and through predefined trajectories, the autonomous navigation system will execute the necessary movements for the chair to follow the desired route.

Research on key technologies for automatic planning of multiple links on a single node

Abstract Aiming at the problems of slow speed and low efficiency existing in the traditional manual planning method of multiple links on a single node, which cannot fully meet the rapid deployment needs of communication nodes, this paper studies and puts forward two automatic planning technologies of single-node-multi-link based on shortest distance priority and minimum angle priority. This is an automatic planning technology that uses the shortest distance priority to determine the pairing relationship between the multi-scattering antenna of the local communication node and the far-end scattering antenna. It aims to solve the issue of cross-redundancy of distance in wrong planning. Automatic planning technology of single-node-multi-link based on minimum angle priority simulates manual planning mode. Using the concept of minimum angle priority, the pairing relationship between the multi-scattering antenna of the local communication node and the remote scattering antenna is determined. This is achieved by calculating and optimizing the minimum angle of two rays that are formed from the origin of the coordinate system of the local communication node to the local scattering antenna and the remote scattering antenna, respectively. Comparative analysis and simulation experiments prove that the two key technologies proposed in this paper can not only effectively avoid the problem of mutual interference between multiple scattering antennas in this node but also improve the efficiency of multi-link planning on a single node.