Curve In Men Research Articles

Dose-response curve and time-course of effect of vecuronium in male and female patients

To determine the differences between men and women in the dose-response curve and the time-course of effect of vecuronium, we studied 60 adult patients (30 male and 30 female), ASA I, age 18-51 yr, undergoing elective plastic surgery. Anaesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide 60% in oxygen; thiopentone and incremental doses of fentanyl were given as required. Neuromuscular function was assessed mechanomyographically using the train-of-four (TOF) stimulation at the wrist every 12 s. The percentage depression of T1 was used as the study variable. The dose-response relationship of vecuronium was determined by a cumulative dose-response technique. The dose-response curve in men was shifted in a parallel fashion to the right, indicating a decrease in the sensitivity to vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block, compared with women. The ED50, ED90 and ED95 of vecuronium were 23.9 (4.7), 45.4 (11.2) and 55.7 (14.3) micrograms kg-1 in men and 18.4 (3.7), 33.5 (7.8) and 39.8 (9.6) micrograms kg-1 in women respectively. There were statistically significant differences in these values between the two groups (P < 0.01 in each instance). After a total dose of vecuronium 80 micrograms kg-1, neuromuscular block was significantly longer in women than in men. The duration of peak effect, clinical duration, and the total duration were 18.7 (7.1), 26.6 (8.8) and 50.6 (16.0) min respectively in men and 26.0 (7.2), 37.1 (11.2) and 65.9 (20.7) min in women. They differed significantly between men and women (P < 0.005 in each case).

Dead Man's Curve Toward the Turn of the Century: 1998 Annual Selected Bibliography, Part I

(1998). Dead Man's Curve Toward the Turn of the Century: 1998 Annual Selected Bibliography, Part I. Amerasia Journal: Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 261-273.

Hypertriglyceridaemia in subjects with normal and abnormal glucose tolerance: relative contributions of insulin secretion, insulin resistance and suppression of plasma non-esterified fatty acids

Although plasma insulin and triglyceride concentrations are positively correlated in many studies, the relationships between insulin resistance, insulin secretion and hypertriglyceridaemia remain unclear. To study these associations, subjects between the ages of 40 and 64 were randomly selected from a general practice register and invited to attend for a standard oral glucose tolerance test for measurement of insulin, triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations. The study comprised 1122 subjects who were not previously known to have diabetes and who completed the test. Using the World Health Organisation criteria, 51 subjects were classified to have non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, 188 had impaired glucose tolerance and 883 subjects had normal glucose tolerance. Triglyceride concentrations in subjects with glucose intolerance were elevated compared to those in control subjects, even after adjustment for age, obesity and gender (p < 0.001 for subjects with diabetes and p < 0.01 for those with impaired glucose tolerance compared to normal subjects). In separate multiple regression analyses for males and females, the most important determinants of the plasma triglyceride concentration were the area under the non-esterified fatty acid suppression curve (p < 0.001 in both genders) and the waist-hip ratio (p < 0.001 for men and < 0.01 for women). The fasting insulin concentration was independently associated with triglyceride concentration in women only (p < 0.01). The most important determinant of the area under the non-esterified fatty acid suppression curve in men was the 30-min insulin increment, a measure of insulin secretion, (p < 0.001) whereas for women age (p < 0.001) and the body mass index (p < 0.01) were the most important.

Hypertriglyceridaemia in subjects with normal and abnormal glucose tolerance: relative contributions of insulin secretion, insulin resistance and suppression of plasma non-esterified fatty acids

Although plasma insulin and triglyceride concentrations are positively correlated in many studies, the relationships between insulin resistance, insulin secretion and hypertriglyceridaemia remain unclear. To study these associations, subjects between the ages of 40 and 64 were randomly selected from a general practice register and invited to attend for a standard oral glucose tolerance test for measurement of insulin, triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations. The study comprised 1122 subjects who were not previously known to have diabetes and who completed the test. Using the World Health Organisation criteria, 51 subjects were classified to have non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, 188 had impaired glucose tolerance and 883 subjects had normal glucose tolerance. Triglyceride concentrations in subjects with glucose intolerance were elevated compared to those in control subjects, even after adjustment for age, obesity and gender (p<0.001 for subjects with diabetes and p<0.01 for those with impaired glucose tolerance compared to normal subjects). In separate multiple regression analyses for males and females, the most important determinants of the plasma triglyceride concentration were the area under the non-esterified fatty acid suppression curve (p<0.001 in both genders) and the waist-hip ratio (p<0.001 for men and <0.01 for women). The fasting insulin concentration was independently associated with triglyceride concentration in women only (p<0.01). The most important determinant of the area under the non-esterified fatty acid suppression curve in men was the 30-min insulin increment, a measure of insulin secretion, (p<0.001) whereas for women age (p<0.001) and the body mass index (p<0.01) were the most important.

Effect of stress on perceived intoxication and the blood alcohol curve in men and women.

Effect of stress on perceived intoxication and the blood alcohol curve in men and women.

The effect of oxytocin administration upon the pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone in humans

The effect of iv administration of synthetic oxytocin upon the pulsatile pattern of LH secretion was studied in 5 healthy men and 10 healthy women. Five of the women were studied in the follicular phase of a menstrual cycle and the other 5 were studied in the luteal phase of a cycle. Synthetic oxytocin in 0.9% saline or saline alone was administered via continuous iv infusion for 8 h on 2 consecutive days. Infusions were administered using a double-blinded and radomized schedule. The rate of the oxytocin infusion commenced at 1 mU min and was increased 1 mU/min every 40 min to a final rate of 12 mU min. The plasma oxytocin concentration during oxytocin infusion ranged from 2-70 fmol 1. Blood for LH determination was sampled every 20 min in the 5 follicular phase women and every 10 min in the 5 men and 5 luteal phase women. The detect algorithm was used to analyze LH pulsatile secretion. Oxytocin infusion was without significant effect on mean LH, number of LH pulses, or area under the LH curve in men or women studied for the period of observation. Thus it is unlikely that increases in plasma oxytocin regulate the pulsatile secretion of LH in humans.

Venous abnormality in normotensive young men with a family history of hypertension.

Maximal vasodilator capacity of resistance vessels has been shown to be reduced in normotensive young men with a family history of hypertension. The present study attempted to examine whether venous distensibility is decreased in normotensive men with hypertensive relatives. The venous pressure-volume relationship was determined in the forearm with a water-filled plethysmograph in 17 normotensive young men with hypertensive relatives (mean blood pressure, 85 +/- 2 [SE] mm Hg; age, 22 +/- 1 years) and 18 young men with no family history of hypertension (mean blood pressure, 81 +/- 2 mm Hg; age, 22 +/- 1 years). The venous pressure-volume curve in men with hypertensive relatives as compared to that in men with no family history of hypertension was shifted toward the pressure axis (p less than 0.001). This findings suggests that venous distensibility is decreased in normotensive young men with hypertensive relatives. Administration of phentolamine, 1 mg/min i.v. for 5 minutes, did not alter venous distensibility, and venous distensibility after phentolamine administration was less in men with hypertensive relatives than in men with no family history (p less than 0.001), which suggests that decreased venous distensibility found in normotensive young men with hypertensive relatives was unlikely to be related to alpha-adrenergic mechanisms. These results suggest that normotensive young men with a family history of hypertension have vascular abnormalities that involve veins as well as arteries.

The Relationship of Cancer Mortality to Life Span and Food Supply Rate

Survival curves for men and women dying from cardiovascular disease and similar curves for those dying from cancer in 47 countries were compared with the 1970-1974 per capita incomes of the inhabitants. The data were taken chiefly from 1964 life tables. The steepest survival curves were found in countries with the highest incomes. Comparison of the survival curves in different countries and comparison of cardiovascular survival with cancer survival curves indicate that both groups of diseases are probably diseases of senescence. The differences in survival slopes are interpreted as homeostatic responses in the population to rate of food intake. The response protects the population against long-term effects of changes in food supply by promoting differential reproduction of offspring best suited to the food supply rate fro the environment. The response to food supply rate complicates calculation of the effects of protracted exposure to low-level ionizing radiation because the radiation exposure appears to mimic the effec of extra food.

Sex-related differences in gastrin release and parietal cell sensitivity to gastrin in healthy human beings.

We compared serum gastrin concentrations and gastric acid secretion basally and in response to a mixed meal in age-matched women and men. Women had significantly higher basal serum gastrin concentrations (P < 0.01) and two- to threefold higher food-stimulated serum gastrin concentrations (P < 0.001) than men. Basal and food-stimulated serum gastrin concentrations in women did not fluctuate significantly during the menstrual cycle. Sex-related differences in food-stimulated serum gastrin concentrations were not due to differences in antral pH because pH after the meal in women and men had been kept constant at 5.0 by in vivo intragastric titration with sodium bicarbonate. Studies using an antibody that reacts only with potent gastrin heptadecapeptide species (G-17-I and II) indicated that women also had threefold higher serum G-17 concentrations after the meal than men (P < 0.005). Elevated serum G-17 concentrations after the meal in women were due to increased release of G-17 rather than slower clearance of G-17 from the circulation.Despite elevated serum gastrin concentrations in response to food, women secreted approximately the same amount of acid relative to their maximal secretory capacity as men. Furthermore, during exogenous G-17 infusion, which led to identical serum gastrin concentrations in women and men, the dose-response curve for acid secretion in women was shifted significantly to the right of the G-17 dose-response curve in men (P < 0.02). The dose of G-17 that stimulated half of peak acid secretion was two to three times higher in women than in men, reflecting significantly reduced sensitivity of parietal cells to gastrin in women (P < 0.05). Our studies suggest that, compared with men, women release greater amounts of gastrin but are at the same time less sensitive to stimulation of acid secretion by gastrin.

Interrelation between Bohr and temperature effects on the oxygen dissociation curve in men and women

For both sexes (7 males, 7 females) the fixed acid Bohr coefficient BC FA (Δ log P O 2 /ΔpH) and the temperature coefficient TC (Δ log P O 2 /ΔT) were investigated in whole blood as function of oxygen saturation (S O 2 ). BC FA which yielded maxima at midsaturation were generally lower at increased temperature (41 °C) and in females. Values for 50% S O 2 amount to: −0.46 ± 0.04 SD (males) and −0.37 ± 0.06 (females) at 37°C, −0.38 ± 0.09 (males) and −0.31 ± 0.04 (females) at 41°C. TC, too, was generally lower in females, decreased in both sexes at falling pH, but showed no O 2-saturation dependency. Mean values were 0.024 ± 0.008 (males) and 0.017 ± 0.003 (females) at pH 7.4, 0.019 ± 0.008 males and 0.012 ± 0.006 (females) at pH 7.2. Sex differences of both TC and BC could also be confirmed in additional experiments. While the interrelation of BC and TC and the variable saturation effect on the coefficients may be referred to known theories about ionization heats of oxylabile groups and nonuniform reactions of the single Hb 4(O 2) n fractions, respectively, no clear explanation was found for the sex influence.

A Novel Discrete Gross Motor Learning Task: Modifications of the Bachman Ladder

Abstract A modification of the Bachman ladder climb task is proposed which eliminates the speed vs. height trade-off by scoring the task as a discrete task. Performance curves for men and women are presented, and the advantages of the modified task are discussed.