Shortage Of Manpower Research Articles

The moderating role of market uncertainty in the effectiveness of government policies and R&D activities promoting innovation in manufacturing firms

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the impact of government support policies and research and development (R&D) activities on product innovation under market uncertainty.Design/methodology/approachThis study applies logistic regression analysis to a sample of 4,000 South Korean manufacturing firms in order to investigate the impact of government policies and R&D activities of the firm on firm innovation performance, with particular interest in the moderating role of the firm's perceived market uncertainty (PMU).FindingsPolicies supporting industry/university/institute/local collaboration are found to have greater benefit under high PMU. Surprisingly, support for a consortium among different-sized firms has a negative effect on product innovation, although this negative effect disappears under high PMU. Both support for the protection of intellectual property (IP) and support for the resolution of manpower shortages have strong positive effects on the propensity to innovate products, but in both cases the moderating effects of uncertainty are negative. Finally, all types of R&D activities have positive effects on the propensity to innovate, more so for new product innovation than for improved product innovation.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to examine analytically the moderating effect of PMU in the effectiveness of government policies promoting innovation in the manufacturing sector. The study is potentially useful both for policymakers in deciding which policies to implement under prevailing market conditions; and for entrepreneurs choosing between different forms of government support, particularly given the abnormal levels of market uncertainty prevailing in the Covid-19 era.

Carrier Knowledge and Adaptability Influence Student’s Carrier Choice: A Case of Pekan Community College

A country's economic development is driven by the management of its human resources. And the continuity of human resources is backed by the choices of careers available in local industries. This study focuses on examining the career choice in the tourism industry among Pekan Community College students. The aim is to identify the factor influencing students’ career choices in the tourism industry by measuring the intention to work in the tourism industry. The research method used in this study is quantitative with simple random sampling for 200 targeted respondents from Pekan Community College students. The data obtained from the survey were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. The result obtained showed that the study is expected to provide a clear explanation of the factors that cause the occurrence of manpower shortage in the tourism industry. Career knowledge and adaptability has influenced the students’ career choice. These two factors need to be provided to students to further strengthen their confidence in making career choices later.

Advanced, Innovative AIoT and Edge Computing for Unmanned Vehicle Systems in Factories

Post-COVID-19, there are frequent manpower shortages across industries. Many factories pursuing future technologies are actively developing smart factories and introducing automation equipment to improve factory manufacturing efficiency. However, the delay and unreliability of existing wireless communication make it difficult to meet the needs of AGV navigation. Selecting the right sensor, reliable communication, and navigation control technology remains a challenging issue for system integrators. Most of today’s unmanned vehicles use expensive sensors or require new infrastructure to be deployed, impeding their widespread adoption. In this paper, we have developed a self-learning and efficient image recognition algorithm. We developed an unmanned vehicle system that can navigate without adding any specialized infrastructure, and tested it in the factory to verify its usability. The novelties of this system are that we have developed an unmanned vehicle system without any additional infrastructure, and we developed a rapid image recognition algorithm for unmanned vehicle systems to improve navigation safety. The core contribution of this system is that the system can navigate smoothly without expensive sensors and without any additional infrastructure. It can simultaneously support a large number of unmanned vehicle systems in a factory.

Role of One Stop Shop for e-service delivery: Case Study on Union Digital Center in Bangladesh

The One Stop Shop (OSS) is a global concept that accelerates public and private service at the doorstep of citizens. Developing and developing countries have followed this approach to make public service citizen- cantered, inclusive and participatory. The government of Bangladesh has launched the one-stop-shop approach in the name of the Union Information and Service Center (UISC) as part of a partnership program. Over time, the number of one-stop shops has grown at Union, Paurashava and City Corporation level in Bangladesh. The objective of the study is to understand the existing one-stop-shop status in Bangladesh by analysing the role of One Stop Shop in promoting the provision of electronic services at the urban and rural levels. However, the study followed a qualitative design to achieve the goal of the study. Secondary data is collected through content analysis of relevant literature, books, journals and articles, etc. The study finds that there is a manpower (entrepreneurs) shortage and a lack of innovation in services in UDCs, PDCs and CDCs. Bangladesh has not been able to make significant progress and innovations to deliver dynamic public service at urban and rural level through the UDC, PDC and CDC. The study recommends initiating the provision of application-based public and private services through the UDCs, PDCs and CDCs. Social Science Review, Vol. 39(1), June 2022 Page 91-102

Police manpower supply planning for regular duties with stochastic demands

ABSTRACT We develop modeling strategies to alleviate the shortage of police manpower in a stochastic environment, based on flexible manpower supply planning using off-duty police officers and mutual support between police stations, along with flexible working hours and shifts. A stochastic independent assignment model (SIAM) and a stochastic mutual support model (SMSM) are constructed for manpower supply planning for regular policing duties with stochastic demands. These models are designed using mathematical programming techniques to minimize total manpower supply hours, subject to practical constraints. The SIAM is solved using CPLEX, but the SMSM is too complicated for this approach, so we develop our own heuristic algorithm to solve it efficiently. Additionally, we use the expected value of perfect information (EVPI) and the value of the stochastic solution (VSS) to evaluate the stochastic models. Numerical test results indicate that both models perform well, but the SMSM produces better manpower plans for police than the SIAM.

EDUCATIONAL TRAINING OF LADY HEALTH WORKERS AND PREVENTION OF ABORTION RELATED MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY

One of the major challenges faced by developing world for achieving universal health care includes shortage of Manpower indicated by the fact that an estimated one billion people will never see a health worker during the course of their lives. As a consequence to this shortage millions of people die or are disabled each year1. One solution to this dilemma was increasing health workforce by induction of community health workers (CHWs), members of the community who are trained to provide basic health services. They offer the first and at times only admittance to health services for people in the developing world2. But, research has shown that, CHWs are not effectively trained, remunerated, or retained. In Pakistan Lady Health Worker Program started with the overall goal to contribute to poverty reduction by improving the health of the people. So Lady Health Workers (LHWs) were recruited and trained to provide family planning services and primary health care (PHC) in their own communities3. The health services, based on PHC, include among other things: education concerning prevailing health problems and the methods of preventing and controlling them, and provision of essential drugs and supplies. One of the major current problems is Abortion. Worldwide 61% (Six out of 10) of all unintended pregnancies, and 29 % (3 out of 10) of all pregnancies, end in induced abortion. And out of all abortions around 45% are unsafe, of which 97% occurring in developing countries4. An estimated Over two million abortions are performed annually in Pakistan5. Involved health risks depend on whether the procedure is performed safely or unsafely. Unsafe abortion is common in rural areas, where plant species are used to terminate an unwanted pregnancy6 and restricted abortion law countries ,where most attempt to self-abort or go to untrained person7. fIn Pakistan, mostly abortions are due to unwanted pregnancy, poverty, lack of awareness about Reproductive Health and Family planning methods on part of both husband and wife. Abortion related care includes emergency treatment of abortion, post-abortion family planning services including counseling and making links between the post-abortion emergency services and the reproductive healthcare system. A Lady Health worker informs and counsels any pregnant adolescent about the possible consequences (medical and psychological) of unsafe abortion. In case of any of any of such complication’s immediate referral to a higher health facility (often a hospital) is needed where she can get sufficient care. Delay in seeking care specially demands improved reproductive health information about abortion care. Improving current PAC services at lower level facilities will also minimize delays resulting from long referral processes8. Improving knowledge through trainings of the health workers about prevention of abortion and risk factors will bridge the gap between the current and ideally required level of knowledge for delivering preventive abortion related health care services. Theses trained health workers can utilize this knowledge for increasing awareness among reproductive age group females especially of rural community. And eventually abortion related morbidity and mortality can be significantly reduced which will contribute for attainment of the Sustainable MDG related to decreasing maternal morbidity and mortality.

ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH OFFICERS IN NIGERIA IN THE 21ST CENTURY: ADVOCACY AND RAISING PUBLIC AWARENESS

Healthy environment is important for the well-being of mankind and environmental factors play a crucial role in the spread of diseases, especially in the 21st century. Environmental health officers are stakeholders in this regard and in the sustainable development goals. This paper discussed the interplay between the environment and health, the importance of environmental officers in Nigeria and factors that influence their activities. A narrative review was carried out using secondary data from various databases and organizational websites. In Nigeria, an environmental health officer must be registered with the Environmental Health Officers Registration Council of Nigeria (EHORECON) in line with Act 11, of 2002 and requires investigative, analytical, communicative and educational skills, among others to function effectively. They are important stakeholders in environmental issues with roles in sanitary inspection of premises, prevention and control of diseases, disasters, antimicrobial resistance, food hygiene and safety, ecological health, planetary health and environmental impact assessment, among others. The challenges they face during their work include lack of enabling laws to deter defaulters, shortage of manpower, poor knowledge and access to various standardized tools, among others. The role of environmental health officers cannot be over-emphasized, especially in this 21st century. However, these professionals need to think outside the ‘box’ to address arising challenges.

Obstetric anaesthesia manpower and service provision issues (introduction and European perspective)

Global health is an important and far-reaching concept in which health and access to surgical and anaesthetic care is crucial. Universal access to anaesthesia is a challenge in many countries. Manpower shortages are an important cause of difficulties and each European country has found different ways of facing a lack of healthcare professionals. In obstetric anaesthesia, the availability of competent anaesthesiologists has been related to the morbidity and mortality outcomes of patients.In this narrative review, authors from different European countries explain how manpower is managed in obstetric anaesthesia in delivery suites and obstetric operating rooms in different settings. To address manpower difficulties and issues, the goals are to achieve a minimum standard of care and at the same time, to promote clinical excellence through training, delegation to younger or less experienced colleagues, direct or at-a-distance supervision, or other means.The experience of sharing knowledge about the way in which manpower and service provision are organised in other healthcare settings is a significant opportunity to develop strategies for advancing tomorrow’s obstetric anaesthesia in the world. While taking into account the level of socio-economic development in different countries, the aim is to standardise practice and workload organisation. Co-operative international projects in training and education in obstetric anaesthesia are ways in which better obstetric patient care can be achieved in the future.

Importance of continuing health care before emergency hospital evacuation: a fatal case of a hospitalized patient in a hospital within 5 km radius of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant: a case report

BackgroundAfter a disaster, it is essential to maintain the health care supply levels to minimize the health impact on vulnerable populations. During the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, hospitals within a 20 km radius were forced to make an immediate evacuation, causing a wide range of short- and long-term health problems. However, there is limited information on how the disaster disrupted the continuity of health care for hospitalized patients in the acute phase of the disaster.Case presentationAn 86-year-old Japanese man who needed central venous nutrition, oxygen administration, care to prevent pressure ulcers, skin and suctioning care of the trachea, and full assistance in the basic activities of daily living had been admitted to a hospital within 5 km radius of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant and experienced Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. After the accident, the hospital faced a manpower shortage associated with hospital evacuation, environmental changes caused by infrastructure and medical supply disruptions, and the difficulty of evacuating seriously ill patients. As a result, antibiotics and suction care for aspiration pneumonia could not be appropriately provided to the patient due to lack of caregivers and infrastructure shortages. The patient died before his evacuation was initiated, in the process of hospital evacuation.ConclusionsThis case illustrates that decline in health care supply levels to hospitalized patients before evacuation during the acute phase of a radiation-released disaster may lead to patient fatalities. It is important to maintain the health care supply level even in such situations as the radiation-released disaster; otherwise, patients may experience negative health effects.

중소기업의 기술유출 대응을 위한 디지털 포렌식 개선방안

Industrial technology leakage is increasingly becoming sophisticated, intelligent, and advanced. So, the police organized an industrial technology leakage investigation team in November 2006 and expanded the indust rial technology leakage investigation team to 17 local police agencies in 2017. Likewise, the police is trying to prevent industrial technology leakages, but it is still annually increasing. Especia lly, in 60.8% cases of technology leakages by insiders are done by using memory devices. Which makes digital forensic necessary in order to detect such incidents. However, problems such as shortage of man power, matters of procedure, and vast amount of digital evidence, delay fact-finding and damage restoration. This study introduces the company's digital forensic system designed for corporations which will help them obtaining digital evidences in a prompt and accurate way. This study suggests that institutes should regularly backup their datas so that they would have sufficient information to analyze incidents. Al so, it proposes companies to acquire consent from their insiders before incident s happen in order to have access to suspects' digital devices and forensic it in a legal way. Furthermore, we have analyzed signs of technology leakages based on privious studies and introduced lawful means for corporates to respond to technology leakage and evidence collecting to prevent from possible disputes.

Data Augmentation Method for Plant Leaf Disease Recognition

Recently, several plant pathogens have become more active due to temperature increases arising from climate change, which has caused damage to various crops. If climate change continues, it will likely be very difficult to maintain current crop production, and the problem of a shortage of expert manpower is also deepening. Fortunately, research on various early diagnosis systems based on deep learning is actively underway to solve these problems, but the problem of lack of diversity in some hard-to-collect disease samples remains. This imbalanced data increases the bias of machine learning models, causing overfitting problems. In this paper, we propose a data augmentation method based on an image-to-image translation model to solve the bias problem by supplementing these insufficient diseased leaf images. The proposed augmentation method performs translation between healthy and diseased leaf images and utilizes attention mechanisms to create images that reflect more evident disease textures. Through these improvements, we generated a more plausible diseased leaf image compared to existing methods and conducted an experiment to verify whether this data augmentation method could further improve the performance of a classification model for early diagnosis of plants. In the experiment, the PlantVillage dataset was used, and the extended dataset was built using the generated images and original images, and the performance of the classification models was evaluated through the test set.

Deep Learning-Based Autonomous Excavation: A Bucket-Trajectory Planning Algorithm

The increased risk to the safety of excavator personnel and difficulty in training them, combined with a manpower shortage, have led to an increased demand for machine automation. This study applies a long short-term memory algorithm for automating a bucket-tip trajectory planning AI system. Unlike other autonomous excavation techniques, the proposed approach in this study performs the bucket-trajectory planning of the excavator without prior knowledge of nonlinear bucket–soil interaction dynamics during excavation, which requires precise adjustment of parameters with the heuristic analysis of correlation between them. Based on data acquisition from excavation of excavator experts, this method uses the three-dimensional point cloud of terrain and bucket motion data in excavation process for training and application of the AI. Especially, we transform the point cloud, which comprises massive number of points and increases the computation complexity, into the much smaller number of values, which are sufficient for representing the three-dimensional shape of target terrain. To ensure safety against collision with underground obstacles, a collision avoidance algorithm is applied to prevent crashes during excavations along the given path, based on continuous monitoring of the pressure in the excavator’s hydraulic cylinder. Comparative experiments reveal that the bucket-tip trajectory planning AI system with the collision avoidance algorithm generates a traceable trajectory for the machine controller, equipped in the excavator, and yields the desired excavation volume and lead time without collision, regardless of the topographic change caused through successive excavations.

Administration on Revenue Generation in South Sudan: A Case Study of the National Revenue Authority and Ministry of Finance and Planning

The study aimed to assess the impact of tax administration on revenue generation in South Sudan, using a descriptive approach and a case study of the National Revenue Authority and Ministry of Finance and Planning. The research employed purposive sampling and interviews for further analysis Findings for this study were derived from tax revenue and tax administration in the National Revenue Authority and Ministry of Finance and Planning, where investigation was carried out in areas of narrow tax base, culture of the inhabitants and manpower issues, taxpayer's awareness, receipts misappropriation and inefficiency, as well as ineffectiveness and inefficiency, which were confirmed to be causes of low revenue generation in South Sudan. As a result of the findings, it was determined that it was necessary to increase the tax base by enacting new taxes like the super profit tax and the value-added tax (VAT), increase tax payer awareness to improve collection, and develop strategies to address the manpower shortage by hiring qualified, energetic, and motivated employees; provide incentives and bonuses to tax officials to reduce receipts misappropriation; and regularly train tax officials to improve their capacities and, as a result, their effectiveness and efficiency in generating revenue.

Neurosurgery as a Career Choice among Recent Medical Graduates from the Institute of Medicine, Nepal: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: The career choice of a medical graduate is often a complex process with multiple factors playing a part. Neurosurgery in Nepal is gradually growing and there is a huge interest in the academia to draw more graduates into neurosurgery. There is a paucity of data regarding the career choice of medical graduates from Nepal. The aim of this study was to determine the potential barriers and facilitators for choosing a future career as a neurosurgeon. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on all recent medical graduates in the last two weeks of their internship in 2021 from three medical colleges in Kathmandu. Variables included demographic characteristics, preferred specialty, willingness to choose neurosurgery and reasons for it, and the reasons for not choosing neurosurgery if done so. Frequency and percentages were used to describe the categorical variables. Mean and median were used to describe continuous variables. A comparison between two categorical variables (factors for choosing Neurosurgery as a career and factors that encouraged not to choose Neurosurgery) was made. Results: Twenty-one out of 87 respondents preferred neurosurgery as their future career. The common motivating factors for choosing neurosurgery were innate interest in neurosurgery, motivation from seniors and mentors during clinical clerkship, and the glamour of the specialty. The main barriers were the perceived generally poor outcome of the neurosurgical patients, long hours of surgery, innate disinterestedness, long training and not having enough opportunities to get accredited training in the country. Conclusion: Around Twenty-four percentage of graduates preferred neurosurgery as a future career. When the barriers are addressed there will probably be more medical graduates inclined to join Neurosurgery which will help in solving the shortage of neurosurgical manpower in Nepal.

Efectiveness Comparison of Overtime Hours with Technical and Economical Employment on 10165 Ton Gwt Tanker Ship Repairation

Aspects of ship repair planning must be considered, especially during the ship repair process. This component is closely related to what is needed by professionals in specific fields. Project completion time can also be estimated using the number of workers involved in the production process. The salary paid by the company also correlates with the number of employees. One of the techniques to speed up work on a tanker repair project by increasing working hours which is often referred to as overtime hours with two approaches to speeding up work on a project evaluated technically and economically compared by researchers. Researchers evaluate project work and calculate the workforce involved in tanker repair. Researchers perform calculations for each part of the workforce in the ship repairment process, and also analyze the scheduling of each part of the workers that have been prepared by the company. Working on the project experienced a shortage of manpower and more often used the overtime system. and it can be seen from the results of the study that adding labor is more efficient from an economic point of view because the costs incurred are less and the processing time does not exceed the specified duration.
 
 Keywords: Tanker Ships; Labor; Duration; Cost

Effectiveness of Public Complaints Commission As Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanism In Nigeria

The institution of ombudsman has become a global phenomenon, permanent and inevitable in the political system. Some administrative agencies in Nigeria are becoming aware of the important role the institution is playing and have therefore developed interest in the institution by according it some degree of cooperation. The study investigate the effectiveness of Public Complaints Commission as Alternative Dispute Resolution mechanism in Nigeria. Both quantitative and qualitative research design were adopted which relied on the administration of questionnaire to elicit information. The findings shows that the commission has recorded great achievements since inception such as decongestion of courts, checks against jungle justice, defender of common man’s rights among others. Despite these laudable impacts, the study revealed that the relevance of the commission is being challenged by a number of threats such as structural deficiency, poor funding and shortage of qualitative manpower to mention a few. The study concluded by recommending employment of qualified manpower, financial autonomy and political neutrality of the commission. The commission will only be effective in its constitutional roles when the act that established it is amended to remove all unnecessary restrictions from the power of the commission.

Workload Analysis with Full Time Equivalent Method to Optimize Production Unit Performance at PT X

PT X is one of the companies in the manufacturing industry engaged in the automotive sector. In carrying out the production process, PT X sometimes has problems, namely there is often a mismatch in the number of spare parts sent with the number of spare parts written on the purchase order (PO). The production delay occurred due to a shortage of manpower and an uneven workload in production activities at PT X. For this reason, it is necessary to measure the workload as a basis for calculating the workforce needs. In this study, researchers used the full time equivalent (FTE) method. After calculating with this method, it is known that the workload in the coated spare parts production line is not balanced among 10 operators who work, where 3 operators with high workloads or overload, 5 operators with normal workloads, and 2 operators with low workloads or underload. The results of the calculation show that the workload has a negative effect on operator performance. The proposed improvement is by adding 2 operators and mutating horizontally, the results obtained are an optimal workforce of 12 people, with workloads in the normal and low (underload) categories.

Job satisfaction of local extension agents for fisheries: Insights from farm level survey in Bangladesh

The present study was conducted to assess job satisfaction of local extension agents for fisheries (from here and later in LEAFs) in Melandaha and Islampur sub-districts under Jamalpur district of Bangladesh. Data were collected by the researchers from LEAFs during September to November 2021 through face-to-face interviews by using a structured interview schedule. Descriptive statistics, rank order, and coefficient of correlation were used to analyze the data. Almost all of LEAFs (97.8 percent) had low to medium job satisfaction in extension service delivery. Among fifteen job satisfaction indicators, ‘supervisor’s guidance’ was identified as the most important one. The least ranked indicator was ‘job security’. Correlation analysis showed that age, level of education, job experience, training exposure, and organizational participation of LEAFs are significantly associated with their job satisfaction. All of the LEAFs (100 percent) faced medium to high problems in the research area. The most severe of the fourteen problems was ‘farmers’ reluctance to accept new technologies,’ followed by ‘shortage of manpower’. The least important problem of LEAFs was ‘farmers are non–cooperative’. Therefore, it is highly recommended that if an advance training program for LEAFs could be organized to solve their problems, it would be great to get quality extension services and build a well-organized fisheries sector in Bangladesh which will finally help to enhance nutritional security and poverty reduction in the country.

Exploring the Presence of Humanoid Social Robots at Home and Capturing Human-Robot Interactions with Older Adults: Experiences from Four Case Studies

Social robots have the potential to bring benefits to aged care. However, it is uncertain whether placing these robots in older people's home is acceptable and whether human-robot interactions would occur or not. Four case studies were conducted to understand the experiences of older adults and family caregivers when humanoid social robot Ka Ka was placed in homes for two weeks. Four older adults and three family caregivers were involved. Older adults interacted with the social robot Ka Ka every day during the study period. 'Talking to Ka Ka', 'listening to music', 'using the calendar reminder', and 'listening to the weather report' were the most commonly used features. Qualitative data reported the strengths of Ka Ka, such as providing emotional support to older adults living alone, diversifying their daily activities, and enhancing family relationships. The voice from Ka Ka (female, soft, and pleasing to the ear) was considered as 'bringing a pleasant feeling' to older adults. In order to support aging-in-place and fill the gaps of the intensified shortage of health and social manpower, it is of prime importance to develop reliable and age-friendly AI-based robotic services that meet the needs and preferences of older adults and caregivers.

Impact of Public Complaints Commission as Viable Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanism in Administration of Justice in Nigeria

The concept of ombudsman has become an international phenomenon. This study examined the impact of mechanism of dispute resolution with particular reference to Public Complaints Commission (PCC) which is the Nigeria version of ombudsman. The study explores quantitative analysis to address the task. It revealed that PCC has made positive impact in nation building such as checks and balances, timely and free cost of settlement, and watchdog of happenings in the society to mention a few. Despite the laudable achievements of the commission, the study noted inadequate funding, lack of adequate infrastructures, poor publicity, shortage of qualitative manpower and inadequate training, and poor salary scale for the staff as the obstacles militating against the effective delivery of the commission. The study concluded by recommending adequate funding of the commission, conducive office environment, intensive public enlightenment programme, qualified and well trained staff, and improvement of staff remuneration.