Manifestation Of Conflict Research Articles

Power dynamics in organisations and the role of information systems

Power dynamics in organisations and the role of information systems

Political institutionalization of conflicts: the possibilities of authoritarian and hybrid models

The article examines the problems of political institutionalization of conflicts based on the use of illiberal approaches (authoritarian and hybrid). The study is based on the concept of «illiberal peacebuilding», which is actively developed in political science and is currently used to analyze the processes of conflict resolution at the national and subnational levels. The study made it possible to determine the possibilities and limitations of these models, the specifics of the methods used and the achieved results of institutionalization. The author highlights the political and regime characteristics of the political institutionalization of conflicts, which directly depend on the prospects for using a particular model. In particular, it has been established that a set of rules and norms for the interaction of key policy actors is one of the foundations of a political regime. At the same time, conflicts are considered as one of the important factors in their change. The dependence of the direction of political institutionalization of conflicts (using their potential, limiting conflicts, etc.) on the perception of the conflicts themselves in the context of the stability of the political system has been substantiated. The liberal model assumes extensive use of the potential of institutions operating in the field of public policy. The authoritarian model is focused on suppressing open manifestations of conflict, while the hybrid model is focused on combining the norms and practices inherent in the liberal and authoritarian models.

Внешнеторговые связи Российской Федерации и Европейского союза в 2001–2020 гг.: основные тренды

The article analyzes the shifts observed in the foreign trade of the Russian Federation and the European Union during the first two decades of the 21st century. The period under review in the system of the world economy and international commodity exchange was characterized by the manifestation of various troubles and conflicts. However, the most significant challenge was the widespread move of a new viral infection in 2020, which caused crisis phenomena in the world economy against the background of retaliatory prohibitive and restrictive measures. This could not but have a negative impact on the dynamics of the world economy and international trade, including foreign trade relations in general ones of its largest subjects – the European Union and Russia. Both sides also suffered losses in mutual trade, although until recently (until 2014) they were considered not only geographically close and traditional, but even irreplaceable partners. The reasons for such a noticeable cooling in the bilateral relations between the EU and the RF that caused a negative assessment of the expert community were the sanctions counteractions initiated by the European Union after the Crimean spring and supported by a number of western countries. Moreover, the EU has shown very dubious persistence over the past seven years in extending and expanding trade and economic sanctions against Russia, which was forced to take asymmetric measures. The author presents the latest official statistical materials, his own calculated data, which are being introduced into the domestic scientific circulation for the first time.

THE NATURE OF COMPETITION IN US-EUROPEAN RELATIONS AND ITS DETERMINANTS

Competition is among the pivotal features and it considered as one of he international interaction movement. Generally, relationships between all countries, such as relations between individuals, no matter how close and cooperative they face, are not without manifestations of competition and conflict that may take a peaceful structure, and even take the method of violence that sometimes reaches the degree of physical confrontation. Since the end of the Cold War, international competition has become an inevitable phenomenon that characterizes international relations due to the absence of an ideological counterfactual, and as a result of many of these forces owe the same ideology as the strongest powers on the international scene. It can be noticed that they are competing forces rather than conflicting forces. Characterized by the rules of management of international relationships between these most powerful features is competition feature , not the conflict. Accordingly, the phenomenon of international competition is an aspect of international dealings. In addition it is a dominant characteristic of most international transactions between several states, especially when it comes to the economic aspect, as the conflict of interests between states necessitates the supremacy of competition in international relations. The US-European relations are stated as other manifestations of interaction between countries and do not differ too much from other international relationships, as they have cases of competition despite the manifestations of cooperation and understanding between them in many life aspects towards various international issues, but the competition between them has its nature and specifics. This topic aims to identify the nature of competition in relations between the United States of America and the European Union countries in several vital regions of the world, most notably the Middle East and the African continent. Keywords: International Competition, International Relations, International Conflict, The Middle East.

ЖЕТІСУДАҒЫ АСТЫҚ ДАЙЫНДАУ НАУҚАНЫ ЖӘНЕ ҰЛТАРАЛЫҚ ҚАҚТЫҒЫСТАР КӨРІНІСТЕРІ (1928-1932 ЖЖ)

The article considers the forms of manifestation of interethnic conflicts in the late 20s and early 30s of the XX century, during the state grain procurement campaign, violent measures against peasants in Zhetysu. The study, based on archival documents, presents the facts of interethnic conflicts in the implementation of the Bolshevik agrarian policy, analyzes the violent mechanism of procurement campaigns. On the basis of actual data, the prerequisites for inciting interethnic discord, aggravation of interethnic relations in the construction of Turksib are outlined. The national composition of the communist detachments, “25 thousand people”, working brigades mobilized to the Region to promote procurement measures is also demonstrated.

SOCIAL CONFLICTS AS CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF CONTRADICTIONS IN RUSSIAN SOCIETY

The relevance of the problem of studying social conflicts in the modern world is due to the extreme complexity and inconsistency of social relations, the struggle of opposing forces and trends in all spheres of life. Changes in social interaction are accompanied by an expansion of the sphere of conflict manifestation. They involve not only large social groups, but also entire territories, both homogeneous in national respects and populated by different communities. The complication of the social structure, the differentiation of society, the emergence of freedom, pluralism, divergent and sometimes mutually exclusive interests, goals and values create sources for potential conflicts. At the present stage of development of social relations there is an urgent need for the development and subsequent implementation in practice of the system of prevention and settlement of social conflicts. Due to these circumstances, the study of tension and conflict of social interaction has conceptual and practical importance, attracting the close attention of researchers from various fields of scientific knowledge and encourages them to develop and implement in practice effective ways to prevent and resolve conflicts of this type. The aim of the article was to present the results of the study of the specifics of social conflicts in modern Russia. The important place is given to the influence of this type of conflicts on the development of social relations. The scientific novelty of the provisions proposed in the article lies in the study of the peculiarities of social interaction and conflicts. The practical significance lies in the possibility of using the conclusions of the article for the development of programs to prevent and resolve social conflicts.

The impact of individual conflict experiences on proximal task performance in a multi-team context

Conflict is a dynamic phenomenon that may manifest in different fashions over time. In understanding conflict in small groups and teams, however, much of our understanding is still limited around team-level perceptions and distal outcomes without much consideration of individual members’ experiences who are directly involved in the process. Moreover, teams are increasingly working in a multi-team context, in which team members may interact with individuals within and between their team boundaries at different times. In this study, building upon the behavioral manifestation of team conflict and theories of cognitive resource allocation, I advance and test a new framework that investigates the influence of members’ conflict experiences on individual proximal performance. Specifically, I differentiate and consider conflict in terms of their directionality (sender vs. receiver), team boundaries (within vs. between team), and cumulative experience effects. Using continuous behavioral data from paramedics completing simulated mass-casualty incidents, I found that sending conflict was beneficial to individual proximal task performance when it was directed within team boundaries, whereas it was detrimental when it was directed between team boundaries. In contrast, receiving conflict was beneficial to individual proximal task performance when it was emanated between team boundaries. Lastly, these relationships were moderated by senders’ and receivers’ cumulative conflict experiences throughout the day. implications, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.

Do millennials differ in conflict manifestation? Differences within the cohort

PurposeThe present study aims to examine the moderation of the employee's age on the manifestation of “experience of hurt” to “commitment to future conflict” among the three intra-cohort segments of millennials. The study also examines the mediation of “perception of duplicitous organization” between hurt and “commitment to future conflict.”Design/methodology/approachCross-sectional data was collected using survey method and analyzed by structural equation modelling on SPSS AMOS 25 software.FindingsThe results are based on single-source cross-sectional data. The result indicates that “perception of duplicitous organization” is positively impacted by the experience of hurt at the workplace. It also acts as a mediator between hurt and “commitment to future conflict”. There is significant moderation of age for all the relationships in the model. For instance, age moderates both the paths of hurt resulting in “perception of duplicitous organization” and aggressiveness, where the group of young employees have significantly higher path coefficients.Practical implicationsThe managers need to be more considerate and interact frequently with the younger employees as they are more prone to develop aggression and are impressionable to form a “perception of duplicitous organization” after an experience of hurt. The manager needs to establish a high-quality relationship and a positive image of the organization with subordinates to prevent the manifestation of hurt to a “commitment to future conflict”.Originality/valueTo the best of the knowledge of the authors, this study is the first of its kind to study the moderation of age within the larger cohort of millennials.

THE ENVIRONMENT AND SECURITY NEXUS IN WEST AFRICA AND THE SAHEL REGION

West Africa and the Sahel region are grappling with several security challenges in the post-colonial era. The geopolitical architecture vis-à-vis the ecological characteristics of these regions has in no small way contributed to precipitating insecurity. This paper, therefore, is an attempt to analyse the nexus between environment and security with a view to bringing to bear the modern understanding of security. It is secondary research and it adopts Homer-Dixon’s theory of resource scarcity. It is the position of this paper that environmental variability in West African and the Sahel has given rise to the manifestation of conflicts and insecurities. The farmers-herders conflict, banditry, Niger Delta conflict, trans-border crimes, insecurity in the Lake Chad Basin, etc are instances of environmentally induced crises. It recommends, among other things, the need for countries in West Africa and the Sahel to put in place early warning systems and strategies to check environmental degradation.

ORGANIZATION OF PROTECTION AGAINST ACQUISITIONS AS FORMS OF CORPORATE CONFLICT IN FOREIGN AND RUSSIAN PRACTICE

The article discusses the features of the organization of protection against acquisitions in foreign and Russian practice. The specifics of the manifestation of corporate conflicts, methods of acquisitions are analyzed, conclusions are formulated about the effect of the use of protective mechanisms and the peculiarities of the perception of these processes in Russia and abroad. Different companies apply different degrees of protection, and the question of why this happens remains open. No standard theoretical model has yet determined what explains the observed differences in the degree of protection of companies from acquisitions and how companies choose the degree of protection necessary for them.

Birth timing generates reproductive trade-offs in a non-seasonal breeding primate.

The evolutionary benefits of reproductive seasonality are often measured by a single-fitness component, namely offspring survival. Yet different fitness components may be maximized by different birth timings. This may generate fitness trade-offs that could be critical to understanding variation in reproductive timing across individuals, populations and species. Here, we use long-term demographic and behavioural data from wild chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) living in a seasonal environment to test the adaptive significance of seasonal variation in birth frequencies. We identify two distinct optimal birth timings in the annual cycle, located four-month apart, which maximize offspring survival or minimize maternal interbirth intervals (IBIs), by respectively matching the annual food peak with late or early weaning. Observed births are the most frequent between these optima, supporting an adaptive trade-off between current and future reproduction. Furthermore, infants born closer to the optimal timing favouring maternal IBIs (instead of offspring survival) throw more tantrums, a typical manifestation of mother-offspring conflict. Maternal trade-offs over birth timing, which extend into mother-offspring conflict after birth, may commonly occur in long-lived species where development from birth to independence spans multiple seasons. Our findings therefore open new avenues to understanding the evolution of breeding phenology in long-lived animals, including humans.

The role of peace education in countering violent extremism in Pakistan: an assessment of non-governmental efforts

ABSTRACT This article is located in the wider discourse on the nexus of policy, research and practice of peace education for countering violent extremism (CVE) with a focus on learnings and insights from non-governmental initiatives in Pakistan. It presents an analysis of how the diverse and complex school education system in Pakistan ‘does’ and/or ‘does not’ respond to the challenges of an increasing scale and manifestations of violence, conflict and extremism in society. Moving beyond the discussion on the historical emergence, drivers, actors and characteristics of violent extremism in Pakistan, this paper engages with the erstwhile literature on the research-policy-practice nexus to examine nine peace education projects – mostly foreign-funded – in Pakistan. Considering the insights from these nine projects, the paper finds that there are several examples of successful stand-alone peace education for CVE projects but without a link to policy and research. Despite producing good quality CVE and peace education material, and applying these materials successfully in the diverse education setting of the country, many projects lacked sustainability due to over-dependence on foreign funding. Due to comparatively consistent external funding in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the organisations there are more successful in their peace education interventions than the ones in Punjab and Sindh.

Conflict Between Farmers and Herdsmen on Food Stability in Taraba State

One major problem confronting the national peace of Nigeria today is the manifestation of conflicts between farmers and herders in different dimensions across the country. This conflict has spread over wide geographical areas in Nigeria and Taraba State in particular. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the impact of farmers-herders conflicts on food production, food availability, food stability and food utilization in Taraba state. Three objectives, three research questions and three hypotheses were adopted to guide this study. The study utilized the survey research method and sampled 385 respondents using multistage sampling technique. The data for this study was obtained from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data was generated from a field survey using a structured questionnaire. The study utilized data and infrastructure from multiple policy documents in the State Ministry of Agriculture, Jalingo. Data generated from the field were complemented by extensive review on the farmers-herders conflicts. The data collected were analyzed using a p table, and Percentage and Pearson Correlation was used to test the hypotheses. The study findings revealed that there exists a significant relationship between farmers-herdsmen conflicts and food stability problems in Taraba State; also, there is significant relationship between farmers-herdsmen conflicts and food availability in Taraba State, amongst others. The study concluded that herdsmen do not recognize the existence of any boundary in terms of their grazing, coming in hundreds, usually fully armed with modern guns, and they move with thousands of cattle, sparing no farm. Thus, government should establish sustainable cattle ranching in different parts of Taraba State and encourage medium techniques in cattle rearing to curb the menace of farmers-herders clashes.

Types Of Social Conflicts In The Family And The Causes Of Their Own

This article describes the causes, types of social conflicts in the family and ways to overcome them. The article deals with the main manifestations of family conflicts,as well as conflicts between spouses, conflicts between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law, conflicts between mother-in-law and son-in-law, conflicts between parents and children.The main directions of conflict resolution between parents and children are described.

After UCS: Workplace Occupation in Britain in the 1970s

This paper traces the development of this form of industrial action through the 1970s, the emergence of an alternative economic voice, ultimately almost silenced in the 1980s with the dominance of neo-liberalism, leaving a sedimental alternative which periodically reappears. We first need to consider the context for this occupation movement and the social, political and economic developments of the post-war period which facilitated this form of resistance. Then we consider the nature of ‘occupation’, the forms it takes, and what differentiates it from strikes and other manifestations of organized conflict arising from the employment of labour power under capitalism, before examining the pattern of occupation after UCS. We indicate that the movement left a sediment of ideas and practices, not just in terms of ‘occupation’ itself as a form of industrial action, but also of an alternative economy rooted in workers’ self-management and socially useful production.

The system of moral encouragement of personnel as the mechanism for improving labor efficiency and mitigating conflict manifestations in the sphere of social and labor relations (on the example of companies of the Republic of Bashkortostan)

One of the key tasks at the current stage of development of the Russian society and its regional communities lies on only in modification of labor capital for increasing its quantitative and qualitative parameters, but also in improving the quality of social and labor environment, which prompts more effective implementation of the available labor capital and rise in labor productivity. The development of the system of moral encouragement of personnel is viewed as the condition for improving the social and labor environment of the company and the criterion satisfaction with the work life. The subject of this research is the system of moral encouragement of personnel as the mechanism for improving the labor efficiency and mitigating conflict manifestations in the sphere of social and labor relations. The empirical analysis is based on the state statistical data, as well as the sociological survey conducted by the Sector of Socio-Political Research of the Institute for Social and Economic Research of Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2021 in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The article also employs secondary data analysis. The author substantiates the need for implementation in the companies of the Republic of Bashkortostan of the flexible system of moral encouragement based on the principle of “social cafeteria” and differentiated mechanisms considering the social characteristics of employees (men, women, and employees with family responsibilities). It is revealed that the clash of career and family is one of the most relevant spheres of the emergence of tension and conflict in modern labor collectives regardless of the field of employment. Description is given to the relevant measures of moral encouragement of personnel, which imply the broadening of options to combine work with family and parenting responsibilities.

From the history of the formation of social conflictology

This article examines the essence of the socio-psychological approach to understanding conflicts. The chronology of the development of social conflictology is objectively presented and restored in full, taking into account the contribution of those researchers who actually stood at its origins. The subject of the theory of social conflictology includes the patterns of conflict occurrence and manifestation. It analyzes the difficulties that occur in defining the concept, structure, dynamics and classification of social conflicts. Social conflictology is developing intensively: general theoretical prerequisites and foundations for creating a coherent theory have been created. It contributes to the development of optimal social policies and the professional training of social workers.

ERMƏNİSTAN-AZƏRBAYCAN, DAĞLIQ QARABAĞ MÜNAQİŞƏSİ ZƏMİNİNDƏ İNSAN VƏ VƏTƏNDAŞ HÜQUQ VƏ AZADLIQLARININ POZUNTULARININ TƏHLİLİ

As a result of the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh, which began with unfounded territorial claims by Armenian nationalists, the Caucasus has become one of the hottest regions in the world. The international legal manifestations of the Armenian-Azerbaijani Nagorno-Karabakh conflict are clearly visible. Thus, the occupation of Azerbaijani lands, the living conditions of people expelled from the occupied territories, which are reflected in international agreements, freedom, property, non-torture, etc. Violation of Armenia's rights clearly shows Armenia's violation of the norms and principles of international law. The restoration of a comprehensive, just peace in the Caucasus can be achieved only on the basis of adherence to the universally recognized norms and principles of international law. Key words: Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, Armenian aggression against Azerbaijan, human rights violations, international law, international legal manifestations of the conflict

The system of moral encouragement of personnel as the mechanism for improving labor efficiency and mitigating conflict manifestations in the sphere of social and labor relations (on the example of companies of the Republic of Bashkortostan)

One of the key tasks at the current stage of development of the Russian society and its regional communities lies on only in modification of labor capital for increasing its quantitative and qualitative parameters, but also in improving the quality of social and labor environment, which prompts more effective implementation of the available labor capital and rise in labor productivity. The development of the system of moral encouragement of personnel is viewed as the condition for improving the social and labor environment of the company and the criterion satisfaction with the work life. The subject of this research is the system of moral encouragement of personnel as the mechanism for improving the labor efficiency and mitigating conflict manifestations in the sphere of social and labor relations. The empirical analysis is based on the state statistical data, as well as the sociological survey conducted by the Sector of Socio-Political Research of the Institute for Social and Economic Research of Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2021 in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The article also employs secondary data analysis. The author substantiates the need for implementation in the companies of the Republic of Bashkortostan of the flexible system of moral encouragement based on the principle of “social cafeteria” and differentiated mechanisms considering the social characteristics of employees (men, women, and employees with family responsibilities). It is revealed that the clash of career and family is one of the most relevant spheres of the emergence of tension and conflict in modern labor collectives regardless of the field of employment. Description is given to the relevant measures of moral encouragement of personnel, which imply the broadening of options to combine work with family and parenting responsibilities.

Al-Manhaj al-Nabawi fī al-Ta’āmul Ma’a Ghayr al-Muslim The Prophet's approach in dealing with non-Muslims

The problem of dealing with different parties' affairs is one of the most critical problems that the state and government are trying to solve. Religious and intellectual differences are one of the most important reasons for the emergence of conflicts in society. Factual conditions show how the state experiences war conflicts between people of different religions and ideas. With its fair statutory provisions, Islam has provided the right solution to overcome the manifestations of conflict and disputes between Muslims and those of different religions and beliefs. Using an analytical method based on gathering information related to the topic, followed by an interpretation, criticism, and analysis, this study clarifies the concept of non-Muslims in Islam, its parts, and the differences between these parts, including the essential aspect of which is the Prophet Muhammad's guidance in dealing with non-Muslims. The research found that the difference for non-Muslims is a set of rights over Muslims, the state, and the people. When non-Muslims exercise these rights, they are entitled to full protection and security for themselves, their property, and their children. They also have the freedom to worship and believe according to their religion. In this context, the Islamic State and Muslims must guarantee this freedom to them.