Manifestations Of Anxiety Research Articles

TAKING INTO ACCOUNT PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING PROCESS OF YOUNG JUDOKAS 13-15 YEARS OLD

The article highlights the results of a study of the psychological characteristics of young judoists aged 13-15 years, the consideration of which is a priority in the educational and training process. In particular, the motivational profile of athletes, volitional qualities, indicators of voluntary self-control and the level of manifestation of situational and personal anxiety were determined. The carried out intercorrelation analysis made it possible to determine a number of relationships. A reliable interconnection of the constituent components of the motivational profile of young judokas with volitional qualities and self-control has been revealed. The strongest relationship was found between achievement motivation and perseverance, as well as self-control and endurance. The higher the personal anxiety among young judokas, the lower the motivation for achievement and manifestation of initiative and independence. The higher the situational anxiety among judokas 13-15 years old, the less pronounced the motivation of social self-affirmation and social self-control.

Can dog appeasing pheromone ameliorate stress behaviours associated with anxiety in mature domestic dogs?

PICO question
 Does use of dog-appeasing pheromone reduce the frequency and/or severity of non-specific stress behaviours associated with anxiety in domestic dogs, older than 6 months, when compared with no treatment?
 
 Clinical bottom line
 Category of research question
 Treatment
 The number and type of study designs reviewed
 Eight controlled trials were appraised. Four were randomised and four were either non-randomised or did not clearly describe the method of allocating subjects into treatment groups.
 Strength of evidence
 Weak
 Outcomes reported
 There was no evidence that any dog appeasing pheromone (DAP) formulation (spray, diffuser, or collar) was superior. There was moderate evidence that DAP could reduce some behavioural manifestations of fear and/or anxiety stemming from thunderstorm noise and weak evidence that it could ameliorate some non-specific stress behaviours in hospitalised patients. In shelter dogs, there was mild evidence that DAP could reduce barking intensity and increase some behaviours associated with relaxation. When behavioural changes occurred, most were observed during exposure to DAP and there were minimal residual effects post-treatment.
 Conclusion
 The evidence for using DAP to manage stress behaviours associated with anxiety in dogs over six months of age remains weak. Until there is a stronger evidentiary basis, clinicians should be aware that a true clinical benefit is undetermined. Nevertheless, DAP is unlikely to cause harm and may still provide some therapeutic benefit. Therefore, DAP may still be employed in a multimodal management plan for some behaviour cases and may exert a placebo effect. However, if an owner’s financial resources are restrictive, clinicians should not prioritise pheromone therapy at the omission of other therapies that have established clinical effects
 
 How to apply this evidence in practice
 The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources.
 Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.
 

PSIHOLOŠKA NEFLEKSIBILNOST KAO MEDIJATOR ODNOSA IZMEĐU RANIH MALADAPTIVNIH SHEMA I MANIFESTACIJA DEPRESIVNOSTI, ANKSIOZNOSTI I STRESA

Although the link between Early Maladaptive Schemas and many psychopathological manifestations has been confirmed, there is still not enough research examining the mechanism by which this link is realized. The aim of this study was to examine whether psychological inflexibility could be a mediator of the relationship between early maladaptive schemas grouped in schema domains and problems in current functioning, manifested through depression, anxiety and stress symptoms. Among the instruments used were the Young’s Schema Questionnaire, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales. The sample included 320 subjects (Nfemales = 215; M = 33.5; SD = 9.6). The results indicate significant connections of psychological inflexibility with all scheme domains and all criterion variables, with this connection being the strongest in relation to depression (r = .74, p < .01) and autonomy impairment domain (r = .74, p < .01). Schema domains are important predictors of criterion variables, provided that the highest percentage of explained variance is in relation to depression. Psychological inflexibility has been shown to be a partial mediator of all relations between all schema domains and manifestations of depression, anxiety and stress. Although schema domains still have a significant direct effect on psychopathological manifestations, in the case of impaired limits when it comes to anxiety (b = .045; p<.05, 95% BCa CI [.03, .05]) and depression (b = .06, p<.05, 95% BCa CI [.04, .07]) the difference between the indirect and direct effect is most evident, while in the case of stress the greatest difference between the effects is in relation to the domain of autonomy impairment (b = .07, p < .05, 95% BCa CI [.05, .08]). The implications for the integration of schema therapy and third wave cognitive-behavioral therapy are discussed. Keywords: early maladaptive schemas, schema domains, psychological flexibility, depression, stress, anxiety

Chronic Anxiety- and Depression-Like Behaviors Are Associated With Glial-Driven Pathology Following Repeated Blast Induced Neurotrauma.

Long-term neuropsychiatric impairments have become a growing concern following blast-related traumatic brain injury (bTBI) in active military personnel and Veterans. Neuropsychiatric impairments such as anxiety and depression are common comorbidities that Veterans report months, even years following injury. To understand these chronic behavioral outcomes following blast injury, there is a need to study the link between anxiety, depression, and neuropathology. The hippocampus and motor cortex (MC) have been regions of interest when studying cognitive deficits following blast exposure, but clinical studies of mood disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD) report that these two regions also play a role in the manifestation of anxiety and depression. With anxiety and depression being common long-term outcomes following bTBI, it is imperative to study how chronic pathological changes within the hippocampus and/or MC due to blast contribute to the development of these psychiatric impairments. In this study, we exposed male rats to a repeated blast overpressure (~17 psi) and evaluated the chronic behavioral and pathological effects on the hippocampus and MC. Results demonstrated that the repeated blast exposure led to depression-like behaviors 36 weeks following injury, and anxiety-like behaviors 2-, and 52-weeks following injury. These behaviors were also correlated with astrocyte pathology (glial-fibrillary acid protein, GFAP) and dendritic alterations (Microtubule-Associated Proteins, MAP2) within the hippocampus and MC regions at 52 weeks. Overall, these findings support the premise that chronic glial pathological changes within the brain contribute to neuropsychiatric impairments following blast exposure.

Psychosomatic disorders (distress, depression, anxiety, somatization) in young patients who have had COVID-19

AIM: The mission is to assess possible psychosomatic disorders (in particular, stress as a nervous breakdown, an acute temporal phase of a specific disorder, which is manifested primarily by signs of depression and neurosis) in young patients who have had COVID-19, in the course of rehabilitation, to improve medical and psychological support after their discharge from the hospital.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: 60 convalescents who have had COVID-19 and had practically been healthy before (men aged 19.87 1.64 years) were examined. The main clinical variants and manifestations of COVID-19 in our study were inapparent infection (II) in 19 cases (31.67%), acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI) in 21 cases (35.0%), pneumonia without respiratory failure (P) in 20 cases (33.33%). These are clinical variants and manifestations of mild-to-moderate of COVID-19 severity. The diagnosis of all clinical variants and manifestations of COVID-19, the patients examination, treatment and discharge from the hospital were carried out in accordance with regulatory documents. The patients were examined 68 month after discharge from the hospital. Psychometric examination of these individuals to separate their clinical manifestations of distress and somatization and manifestations of depression and anxiety was carried out according to the questionnaire The Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire, 4DSQ), developed in 1996 by the Dutch specialists B. Terluin. This questionnaire was translation into Russian and adapted by A.B. Smulevich et al. [2014]. Voluntary informed consent was obtained from each of the patients before their participating the study.
 RESULTS: Indicators of distress, anxiety, somatization after all the clinical variants and manifestations of COVID-19 have a moderately increased level, which indicates a serious illness that has been suffered, in some cases with an unfavorable outcome. The strongly increased level of depression in our study is probably due to the presence of astheno-neurotic syndrome due to the previous COVID-19 disease. The data on the correlation between the scales of methods indicate the direction of possible psychoprophylactic work with convalescents.
 CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study showed that young patients without concomitant diseases who have had COVID-19, even with a mild and low-symptom course, may develop psychosomatic consequences such as distress, anxiety, somatization and some others. The reasons, duration, potential risk factors for their development require further study, however, timely developed preventive and therapeutic and diagnostic measures, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient, can have a positive effect.

Discourse of anxiety in the social media of the region

The purpose of the article is to study the anxiety and fears expressed by users of local Internet communities of the VKontakte social network during the first wave of the coronavirus pandemic. The collection of primary sociological information was carried out using the content analysis procedure. The article presents the results of a qualitative analysis of the context of the use of the keyword "coronavirus". The manifestation of anxiety among community subscribers varied over the study period. At the first stage (the stage of denial), users of the social network doubted the reality of the impending danger. At the next stage (comprehension), there was an understanding of the seriousness of the situation. Awareness of the impending danger comes with the appearance of regular news about the statistics of morbidity and mortality among the inhabitants of the region. Lockdown, restrictive measures and information pressure of the media, seeking to correct the habitual behavior of people, led to the formation of collective fears among the population. The representation of medical and informational fears prevailed. The third stage (routinization) is characterized by a gradual decrease in the mention of the keyword and predominantly practice-oriented comments. A decline in the number of messages from users describing information and medical fears was recorded, at the same time, their anxiety about the economic consequences of the pandemic was revealed. Once the amount of information consumed is comparable to the daily experience of a person, the anxiety caused by the spread of the coronavirus pandemic decreases.

Особливості проявів тривожних станів молодших школярів із неповних сімей: емпіричний досвід

In the article notes the relevance of the problem of manifestations of anxiety states in junior schoolchildren from single-parent families. The essence of anxiety as an emotional state (the experience of emotional discomfort associated with the expectation of trouble) and a personality trait (an increased tendency to feel safe in any life situations) is revealed. The results of the study of anxiety states in junior schoolchildren from single-parent families, which made it possible to determine the high level of manifestation of anxiety in various life situations and to highlight the dominant factors of its formation, are presented.

Phenomenological analysis of depressive and anxious manifestations in patients who underwent cardiosurgery

Among the undeniable advantages of surgical tactics in the treatment of patients with various forms of cardiovascular disease, there are problematic issues, including neurological complications, especially cerebrovascular disorders and postoperative encephalopathy, and often associated psychopathological disorders based on postoperative hypoxiс-ischemic lesions, which remain one of the most difficult and dangerous complications of operations under the conditions of artificial circulation (AC).
 The aim was to carry out clinical and phenomenological analysis of psychopathological manifestations of depression and anxiety in patients who underwent cardiac surgery (CS) with AC in the postoperative period, both in general and in terms of individual types of vascular and neurological pathology, to determine further directions of their rehabilitation.
 Material and research methods. Using the approach of a structured clinical-diagnostic interview with the help of a specially developed questionnaire, we clinically examined 700 patients who were treated at the Heart Institute of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine and who underwent CS under the conditions of AC. Among the examined patients, there were 86 patients (12.3%) with cerebral infarction (CI), 217 patients (31.0%) with the signs of postoperative encephalopathy and 504 patients (72.0%) with manifestations of cognitive dysfunction.
 Results. It has been established that patients who underwent cardiac surgery had the symptoms of depression and anxiety. The most severe depressive and anxiety manifestations are characteristic of patients with cerebral infarction in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery; they are less significant in patients with signs of postoperative encephalopathy. They are the least significant in patients with signs of cognitive dysfunction. At the same time, the severity of depressive and anxiety phenomena in patients with this pathology was significantly (p<0.01) higher than in patients who underwent cardiac surgery without the corresponding pathology.
 Conclusion. The identified patterns should be considered when developing treatment, rehabilitation and preventive measures for patients who underwent cardiac surgery with postoperative neurological complications.

EXPERIENCE OF APPLICATION OF FONCETURAM IN THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHOTHERAPIST IN ELDERLY PATIENTS

The prevalence of cognitive impairment in people over 65 years of age increased significantly in 2020-2021, combined with manifestations of asthenic-depressive and anxiety symptoms.Asthenia in the elderly is manifested by high fatigue and emaciation with an extremely unstable mood, weakening of self-control, impatience, sleep disturbance, memory loss. Cognitive impairments in this category of patients are a significant risk of developing dementia. In the concept of the development of mixed dementia, both neurodegenerative and ischemic components are present in pathogenesis. Depending on the severity, cognitive impairment is classified as mild, moderate, and severe. Mild cognitive impairments are detected only with the most sensitive neuropsychological tests and do not affect daily activity, however, as a rule, they are subjectively aware and cause anxiety. With a moderate severity of cognitive disorders, impairments are not only detected using special techniques, but are also noticeable in everyday communication with the patient. At the same time, difficulties may arise in the most difficult types of professional or social activity, although in general patients remain independent and independent. Severe cognitive impairments require outside help and care, and such patients are treated inpatients [1,2,4].

Analysis of stress factors in medical university students based on the international classification of functioning and the use of “Restorative” herbal blend for their psychocorrection

A survey of medical university students was conducted (20 people, 45% worked with patients with coronavirus infection). We studied stress factors and the psychological effectiveness of the course medication intake of the "Restorative" herbal blend (oregano grass, thyme grass, blackberry leaf, echinacea leaf). The reception period is 20 days. The available stress factors were evaluated by a developed questionnaire, in which scaling was performed in the paradigm of the International Classification of Functioning. The psychological state before and after taking the herbal blend was assessed using the methods "Coping behavior in stressful situations", "Taylor's scale of anxiety manifestations", "Emotional burnout" by V. Boyko. The most significant challenges for respondents are caused by prolonged and intense psychoemotional loads, violations of the work and rest regime. After taking the herbal blend, mental resources increase, anxiety and depression decrease. The subjects begin to deal with stress productively, and not emotionally reacting. The emotional deficit, saving of mental resources, inadequate response to adverse factors are reduced, which indicates the general strengthening effect of the "Restorative" herbal blend not only on the body as a whole, but also on mental processes.

Psychological effects of the course reception of multicomponent herbal blend "Antistress

The study of the effectiveness of the course intake of multicomponent herbal blend "Antistress" (rhizomes with roots of valerian officinalis, motherwort grass, hawthorn flowers, peppermint leaf, lemon balm leaf, herba hyperici) was conducted. The subjects were 20 students of a medical university, 45% of them worked with patients with coronavirus infection. The deadline for receiving the herbal blend is 20 days. The psychological state was assessed using the methods "Coping behavior in stressful situations", "Taylor Scale of anxiety manifestations", "Emotional burnout" by V. Boyko. After taking the herbal medicine, the overly emotional response to stress disappeared, anxiety decreased. Initially inflated indicators of emotional burnout have decreased to normal or close to normal: tension has decreased; forced resistance to adverse circumstances that have generally ceased to be perceived as such; emotional reserves that can be spent productively and with pleasure in professional activities have increased. In many respects, this result was obtained due to the combination of medicinal plants in the herbal blend: along with soothing and improving the functional state of the cardiovascular and nervous system components, herba hyperici, which is a natural antidepressant, was also included in the blend.

Severity of congenital long QT syndrome disease manifestation and risk of depression, anxiety, and mortality: a nationwide study.

We examined if a congenital long QT syndrome (cLQTS) diagnosis and severity of cLQTS disease manifestation was associated with increased risk of depression, anxiety, and all-cause mortality. All patients with known cLQTS in Denmark were identified using nationwide registries and specialized inherited cardiac disease clinics (1994-2016) and followed for up to 3 years after their cLQTS diagnosis. Risk factors for depression, anxiety, and all-cause mortality were determined using multivariable Cox proportional-hazards regression. An age- and sex-matched control population was identified (matching 1:4). Overall, 589 patients with cLQTS were identified of which 119/589 (20.2%) developed depression or anxiety during follow-up compared with 302/2356 (12.8%) from the control population (P < 0.001). Severity of cLQTS disease manifestation was identified for 324/589 (55%) of patients with cLQTS; 162 were asymptomatic, 119 had ventricular tachycardia (VT)/syncope, and 43 had aborted sudden cardiac death (aSCD). In multivariable models, patients with aSCD, VT/syncope, or unspecified cLQTS disease manifestation had a higher risk of developing depression or anxiety compared with the control population (hazard ratio [HR]=2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-5.1; HR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2-3.0; HR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1-2.3, respectively). Asymptomatic patients had similar risk of developing depression or anxiety as the control population (HR = 1.2, 95% CI: 0.8-1.9). During follow-up, 10/589 (1.7%) patients with cLQTS died compared with 27/2356 (1.1%) from the control population (P = 0.5). Furthermore, 4/10 who died had developed depression or anxiety. A severe cLQTS disease manifestation was associated with a greater risk of depression or anxiety. All-cause mortality for patients with cLQTS was low.

New opportunities in the treatment of patients with chronic brain ischemia

The study was aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Hericium erinaceus extract (Cebrofit) in combination with vinpocetine compared to vinpocetine monotherapy in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia. Two groups of patients were identified — the basic and control, which included 160 patients with stage I and II dyscirculatory encephalopathy aged 30 to 80 years. All subjects underwent basic therapy, during which for 3 months patients of the basic group took Cebrofit 1 capsule 150 mg twice a day and vinpocetine (Vicebrol) 1 tablet 5 mg three times a day, and patients of the control group used only vinpocetine according to the scheme described above. Based on a comprehensive study, it was found that the use of Cebrofit in combination with vinpocetine compared to vinpocetine monotherapy resulted in accelerated regression of subjective and objective manifestations of chronic brain ischemia with an advantage in patients with stage I dyscirculatory encephalopathy. In patients with stage I dyscirculatory encephalopathy, the use of Cebrofit in combination with vinpocetine produced a pronounced neuroprotective effect, which manifested in a significant improvement in general condition, a decrease in the severity of neurological symptoms, a decrease in the manifestations of asthenia and anxiety after 28 days of therapy, and a significant increase in cognitive performance after 7 days of therapy, while maintaining this positive trend until the end of the course of treatment. In patients with stage II dyscirculatory encephalopathy under the influence of Cebrofit in combination with vinpocetine, positive differences in the form of a decrease in the severity of clinical and neurological symptoms, manifestations of asthenia, anxiety, and depression, as well as improvement in cognitive functions were recorded after 84 days of treatment, which allows recommending the use of these schemes in clinical practice.

Narcissism and anxiety level of Azerbaijani and Russian students with different assessments of autostereotypes of behavior

The aim of the work is to identify differences in the degree of narcissism and the level of anxiety in a group of Russian and Azerbaijani students with different assessments of autostereotypes of behavior. Narcissism of youth is considered non-clinical, as a psychological component of youth culture, a manifestation in response to cultural, political, economic transformations in modern society. The method of assessing narcissism, the scale of anxiety manifestations, the method of determining stereotypes of normative attitudes of social behavior were used. The sample consisted of 340 representatives of Russian and 234 ‒ Azerbaijani nationality aged from 19 to 25 years (M=21.1; SD=7.93). Shifts were revealed (from 2017 to 2019) in the direction of increasing data among Russian students by sub-scales: "Derealization/Depersonalization”;" Social isolation”; "Grandiose Self”;" Striving for an ideal Self-object”; “Narcissistic benefit from illness”. In the group of Azerbaijanis, there were increases in the subscales: "The ideal of self-sufficiency” Conclusions: the difference of shifts with the tendency to increase narcissism in the group of Russian students was found. Narcissism and anxiety are more pronounced in the group of Russian students. The autostereotypes of the behavior of Russian students are in the zone of indidvidualism. A group of Azerbaijani students is influenced by the national culture, which restrains the manifestations of narcissism and anxiety. The autostereotypes of Azerbaijani behavior are in the zone of collectivism: activity, patriotism, respect for elders.

Using Patch ECG Device During Lower Third Molar Surgery

This study aimed to evaluate cardiac activity changes during lower third molar surgery concerning gender and anxiety levels. Thirty healthy subjects who required lower third molar surgery filled out Norman Corah dental anxiety scale (DAS) before surgery. A patch ECG device (Savvy, Institute ''Jožef Stefan'', Ljubljana, Slovenia) was applied to the patient to evaluate heart rate (HR) and heart rhythm. These parameters were assessed in 8 different intervals. Periods of the highest mean HR values—incision and flap elevation compared to the period with minimal mean HR values—during suturing showed statistical significance difference (p&amp;lt;0.05). The most common outstanding ECG finding was sinus tachycardia, especially in anxious compared to non-anxious patients. Extraction difficulty score was correlated with the procedure duration time and with the abnormal ECG findings in the period of tooth extraction. Significant cardiac activity changes are detected during surgery. Physiological manifestations of anxiety may be evaluated successfully using a patch ECG device.

THE PROBLEM OF DETERMINATION OF DESTRUCTIONS OF EMOTIONAL STATES IN PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE

The article analyzes theoretical and empirical approaches to the study of factors of destruction of emotional states in primary school age. The specifics of psycho-emotional disorders in childhood and the factors of its destruction are revealed. It is found that the frequent manifestation of disorders of the psycho-emotional sphere of children is the emergence of fears, and the fears of children are associated with frequent manifestations of anxiety, which are summarized in the anxiety as a personal trait. &#x0D; It is established that the factors of destruction of emotional states in childhood include a wide range of factors, including biological preconditions for the formation of disorders, characterological peculiarities of children (emotionality, vulnerability, impressiveness, insecurity, expression of self), negative influences of socio-political conditions of society, propaganda of violence by mass media. However, the main factor in the formation of any psycho-emotional disorders of children are the shortcomings of family interaction, the uncomfortable nature of relationships with parents, their use of inconsistent and authoritarian types of upbringing. &#x0D; The results of the research of the destruction of emotional states of primary schoolchildren with different types of parental attitudes are analyzed. It is determined that the emotional states of primary schoolchildren largely depend on the type of parental attitude. Excessive concentration on the child provokes the destruction of emotional states of primary school children, provoking anxiety and fears. Instead, the predominance of parental attitudes of the optimal type of emotional contact is expressed in the harmonious emotional states of children.

Эффективность использования Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 у больных неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени

Актуальность. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени (НАЖБП) охватывает спектр заболеваний, тесно связанных с метаболическими факторами риска. Цель: изучить эффективность терапии с использованием препарата Bifidobacterium infantis (B.infantis) 35624 на динамику проявлений депрессии у больных НАЖБП и сахарным диабетом (СД) 2-го типа. Материалы и методы. Обследовано 56 больных НАЖБП. Больные разделены на 2 группы: больные I группы (n = 26) для коррекции дисбиоза толстой кишки (ДТК) получали комбинированный пробиотик; II группы (n = 30) — препарат B.іnfantis. Нарушение функций центральной нервной системы определяли с помощью таких нейропсихометрических тестов, как шкала самооценки Спилбергера — Ханина, шкала депрессии Бека (BDI), шкала Zung, Торонтская алекситимическая шкала. Результаты. Анализ микробиологического исследования фекалий у обследованных больных обеих групп до лечения указывает на выраженные изменениями в количественном и качественном составе микрофлоры толстой кишки. У больных НАЖБП и СД 2-го типа соматическая патология сопровождается выраженными проявлениями депрессии, тревожности, неуверенности в себе. Продемонстрировано значительное уменьшение выраженности депрессии, тревожности на фоне нормализации микробного состава толстой кишки при длительном приеме B.infantis 35624 у больных НАЖБП и СД 2-го типа. Выводы. У больных НАЖБП и СД 2-го типа установлено ДТК преимущественно II (у 53,3–53,8 % обследованных) и I степеней (у 30,0–30,8 % обследованных). У больных НАЖБП и СД 2-го типа определяются тревожные расстройства, умеренно выраженные проявления депрессии по шкале Спилбергера — Ханина, BDI, шкале Zung и Торонтской шкале, что требует соответствующей коррекции. Курсовой прием B.infantis 35624 у больных НАЖБП и СД 2-го типа является эффективным средством не только для коррекции дисбиоза толстой кишки, но и коррекции проявлений депрессии и тревожных состояний у данных пациентов.

Психологічний стан дітей, які перебували на карантині з приводу пандемії COVID-19

Objective: We determined the features of psychoemotional condition of the children who wereunder quarantine restrictions for COVID-19pandemic for a long time. Methods and scope of research:We carried out the assessment of the psychoemotional condition of 52 adolescents who were in quarantine forCOVID-19 pandemic. The number of girls and boys among the surveyed was the same - 26 children of each gender. A "non-existent animal" projective test was used to assess the psychoemotional sphere of the children. We appliedthe psychometric method by Ch.D. Spielberg, Yu.L. Haninto determine the reactive anxiety (RА) and personal anxiety (PA). The questionnaire by A. Bass, A. Darki was used to single out the various aspects of the symptom complex of aggression and to calculate the index of aggression (IA) and the index of hostility (IH). Sleep quality was assessed with the help of the Pittsburgh Questionnaire. Results and discussion: Assessment of the psychoemotional condition of the children, who were in quarantine for COVID-19, showed the significant violationsin the majority of them (95.15%), which were characterized by the manifestations of anxiety (78.85%), aggression (59.62%) and exhaustion (15.38%). A high level of anxiety was found to be more often in the girls (25.00%), while in the boys, it was registered almost 2 times less (11.54%), and on the contrary, a high level of aggression in the combination with anxiety orwithout itwas determined more often in the boys (26.92%) than in the girls (13.46%). The frequency of exhaustionsymptom complex did not depend on gender. A more detailed description of the level of anxiety,performed with the help of psychometric methods Ch.D. Spielberg, Yu.L. Hanin, confirmed that the high levels of both personal and reactive anxiety were more inhering in the girls. Assessment ofthe forms of aggressive behavior showed that the manifestations of physical aggression and negativism were the most typical features for the boys, while the indirect aggression, resentment and guilt were observed in the girls more often. Thehighlevels of IA werefoundtooccur almost 3 times more oftenin theboys than in thegirls, whilethehighlevel of IH wasdetected equally often both inthegirls and intheboys. In the children who were in quarantine for COVID-19, psychoemotional conditions were often accompanied by sleep disorders, at the same time,they were observed more often in the girls than in the boys.

Parent Description of Anxiety in Angelman Syndrome.

Anxiety is being increasingly identified in Angelman syndrome (AS). Qualitative questions and quantitative assessments were used to evaluate for anxiety in 50 subjects with AS. In-person evaluations assessed behaviors concerning for anxiety and circumstances wherein they occurred. Caregivers completed anxiety and other behavioral rating scales. Caregiver responses were categorized and compared to items from anxiety rating scales. The most common behavioral manifestation of anxiety was "aggression." The most common circumstance was "separation from caregiver/parent." Subjects had elevated scores on anxiety, irritability and hyperactivity scales with lower mean scores among subjects with a maternal deletion. The Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale best captured behaviors described by caregivers. Existing anxiety scales should be adapted for use in AS.

Understanding terror states of online users in the context of COVID-19: An application of Terror Management Theory

The COVID-19 pandemic has provided psych challenges for many in society. One such challenge is the anxiety that is created in many people faced with the risk of death from the disease. Another issue is understanding how individuals cope psychologically with the threat of death from the disease. In this study we examine the manifestation of death anxiety and various coping mechanisms through the lens of terror management theory (TMT) and online platforms. We take a novel approach to testing the theory using big data analytics and machine learning, focusing on the user-generated content of Twitter users. Based on a sample of all tweets in the UK mentioning COVID-19 terms over a 5-month period, we evaluate dictionary mentions of anxiety and death, and various TMT defense mechanisms, and calculate the pattern of latent death anxiety or ‘terror’ states of Twitter users via Hidden Markov Models. The research identifies four online ‘terror’ states, with high death and anxiety mentions during the peak of the pandemic. Further we examine various TMT defense mechanisms that have been proposed in the literature for coping with death anxiety and find that online social connection, achievement and religion all play important roles in improving the model and explaining movement between states. The paper concludes with various implications of the study for future research and practice.