Manifest Anxiety Scale Research Articles

Effectiveness of Peer Education Using a Novel-Styled Book to Improve Post-Menarche Adolescents’ Menstrual Knowledge and Anxiety

Specific publications on interventions for anxiety in post-menarche adolescents are still very rare in Indonesia. This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of peer education using a novel-styled book intervention, not only on anxiety but also on menstrual knowledge in post-menarche adolescents. This quantitative study one group pre- and post-test pre-experimental design involved a population of 376 female students of SMP (Junior High School) Negeri 1 Rancaekek who had experienced menarche in the period of June–July 2017. Of the total population, 40 students were selected as sample using the proportionate stratified random sampling method. The content and design of the novel-styled book were initiated based on results of an action research using in-depth interviews and focus group discussion, respectively. Intervention was delivered twice within 1 week. A menstrual knowledge questionnaire was designed based on the results of the in-depth interviews (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.807), while the anxiety was measured using Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (0.708). Data were then analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test with effect size (ES) calculation. Improvement in the scores was seen for both menstrual knowledge and anxiety after intervention. The median score for menstrual knowledge increased from 60 (range: 35–80) to 90 (65–100), and the median score for anxiety decreased from 46.43 (35.71–85.71) to 32.14 (14.29–71.43), with a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05) for both. The intervention effect was found to be large (ES ≥ 0.5), which was reflected in increased menstrual knowledge (0.873) and decreased anxiety (0.830). Peer education using a novel-styled book is effective for improving menstrual knowledge and anxiety in post-menarche adolescents.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY TO REDUCE THE ANXIETY OF NARRIVES TOWARDS FREE IN THE CLASS II A PAMEKASAN Narcotics Prison

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to reduce inmates’ prerelease anxiety in Narcotics Prison Class II A Pamekasan using a quasi-experimental single subject design (A-B) in 5 inmates. Instrument used is Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS) of Janet Taylor Spence which has been widely used in Indonesia, including in prisons. Analysis of data using visual analysis and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and calculating the value of r to determine effect size. The trend line on the visual analysis showed a decrease in inmates’ prerelease anxiety after the intervention Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is given. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test showed that there are significant differences in inmates’ prerelease anxiety levels before and after Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is given (p = 0.042). Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test results in post test 1 and post test 2 showed that no significant differences in inmates’ prerelease anxiety levels (p = 0.785). This means that the results of intervention is likely to be maintained. The results of effect size calculation is done by calculating the value of r (r = 0.65) showed that CBT provides large effect to reduce the level of inmates’ prerelease anxiety. It can be concluded that CBT is effective to reduce the level of inmates'prerelease anxiety with large effect.

Анализ психологических реакций молодых людей в связи с частотой просмотра экстремальных телесюжетов

The study investigates the relation of psychological response to watching extreme TV shows with dominant emotional states, the level of anxiety and the vision of the world of young people. The study involved 71 students (26 males and 45 females). The research is based on such methods as an interview to determine typical response to watching extreme stories, the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale, a technique for determining the dominant state of L.V. Kulikov. The frequency of watching extreme TV programs demonstrates a passive attitude toward life, anxiety, emotional instability, subjective dissatisfaction with life in highly anxious individuals. Most respondents note the negative impact of the media on the perception of the world if they watch a lot of criminal stories or news programs. Studying media impact on the respondents, the author revealed that they had negative emotions when watching such TV programs. It can damage their mental health, increase anxiety and sleep disorders, develop pre-neurotic and neurotic disorders.

General anxiety, dental anxiety, digit sucking, caries and oral hygiene status of children resident in a semi-urban population in Nigeria

BackgroundDigit sucking can represent untreated anxiety or other emotional problems. The aim of this study was to determine if digit sucking is a predictor of general anxiety and dental anxiety; and if general and dental anxiety are associated with caries and oral hygiene status of children resident in sub-urban Nigeria.MethodsThis was a secondary data analysis of a household survey conducted in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The level of general anxiety and dental anxiety of 450 6 to12 year old children were measured using the Revised Child Manifest Anxiety Scale and Dental Subscale of the Child Fear Survey Schedule respectively. Presence of digit sucking habit, caries and oral hygiene status were determined. General anxiety and dental anxiety scores were dichotomized into low and high levels respectively. Logistic regression was conducted to determine if digit sucking was a predictor of general anxiety and dental anxiety; and if general anxiety and dental anxiety were predictors caries and good oral hygiene status. Adjustments were made for age and sex.ResultsDigit sucking is not a significant predictor of dental anxiety (p = 0.99) and general anxiety (p = 0.79). Children with high general anxiety (AOR: 5.02; 95% CI: 2.9–9.74; p < 0.001) and high dental anxiety (AOR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.15–2.65; p = 0.009) had higher odds of having caries and good oral hygiene respectively.ConclusionDigit sucking was not a significant predictor of general anxiety and dental anxiety. General and dental anxiety however, had effects on the likelihood of having caries and good oral hygiene.

The Effect of Reality Therapy on the Level of Anxiety and Depression in Army Wife

BACKGROUND: Anxiety and depression, are the most common psychopathological symptoms among army wives living in Kopassus (Indonesian army special force) dormitory, with the prevalence of 15-40%. Proper management with reality therapy for anxious and depressed army wives living in Kopassus dormitory is needed.OBJECTIVE: to determine the effect of reality therapy on anxiety and depression levels in army wives in Kopassus Group 2 dormitory.METHODS: This study was designed as a randomized control trial pretest and post-test two group design. Sampling was done by simple random technique. Thirty subjects were divided into two groups. Control group received regular interview, while experimental group received reality therapy. Respondents were asked to fill out The Lie Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory questionnaire (L-MMPI), biodata, the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale questionnaire (TMAS), and the Beck Depression Inventory questionnaire (BDI). The Wilcoxon Rank Test and Mann-Whitney were applied for data analysis, with the significance level of p&lt;0.05.RESULT: The Wilcoxon Rank Test in the TMAS (anxiety) and BDI (depression) showed a significant difference (p&lt;0.05). The Mann-Whitney analysis of the anxiety and depression variables showed a significant difference between the reality therapy group and the control group (regular interview) (p &lt;0.05). The experiment group has a TMAS and BDI score lower than that of the control group.CONCLUSION: The reality therapy is effective to lower the level of anxiety and depression in army wives.

Aftermath of Child Sexual Abuse in Children in Korea: Data from the Nation-Funded Sexual Violence Victim Protection Center for Children.

Objectives:This study aimed to investigate the 3-year mean periods aftermath of child sexual abuse and to compare the sexual violence victims regard to the treatment.Methods:682 sexual violence victims were recruited by Seoul Sunflower Children Center, a nation-funded sexual violence victim protection center for children age 13, from 2004 to 2008. Data from 49 victims among 116 consented a follow-up, were analyzed. The victims were assessed by psychological test. Data was analyzed by SPSS ver. 15.0 (SPSS Inc.).Results:The average time elapsed from the last presumed sexual abuse was 39.7 months [standard deviation (SD) 26.02]. Overall, Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) was significantly decreased from 15.8 (SD 9.33) to 10.4 (SD 9.98), and several subscales (depression, anxiety, anger, posttraumatic stress, and dissociation) of Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC) were also significantly decreased. CDI and TSCC scores showed no statistical difference between treatment-given and not-given groups, but Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) was decreased in treatment-given group, whereas it was increased in treatment-not-given group. The difference of RCMAS scores between the two groups was statistically significant [F(1,28)=4.54, p<0.05].Conclusion:Sexually abused children showed overall symptom decreases over time, but anxiety was not decreased in treatment not-given group.

Frequency of Anxiety and Its Risk Factors Among Working &amp; Non-Working Women of Peshawar

OBJECTIVE: to determine the frequency of anxiety &amp; its risk factors among working and non-working women.&#x0D; METHODOLOGY: Study design was descriptive observational. The study duration was seven months (June – December 2016). It was a community based study.Sample size for this study was calculated on 52% prevalence of anxiety Pakistan. A total of 400 women were selected (200 working and 200 non-working women). A semi structured questionnaire was used along with Taylor manifest anxiety scale as study tool. Data was presented in the form of tables and graphs.&#x0D; RESULTS:The frequency of anxiety was 58%. Anxiety was more among working women than non-working women. Most of the women were literate 65.5%. Majority of the women having anxiety were living in nuclear family. The age group most effected was between 21-35 years (67%), 58% were married, single were 34% and 8% were either divorced or widow. Approximately 58% of women with anxiety had less than 2 children and 42% were having more than 2 children. Approximately 88% women with anxiety belonged from low and middle income group having less than 20,000/-PKR and 20,001-50,000/-PKR household income respectively. Only 12% belonged from high group having more than 50,001/- PKR.Conclusions: Anxiety is more common among working women. Married women living in nuclear family system, being single, young age group between 21-35 years, less than 2 children and low household income were the key risk factors.

A comparative study of the psychological problems of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children in a South African sample

ABSTRACTAccording to research children living with HIV experience elevated levels of depression, anxiety, ADHD and disruptive behavioural disorders. Although South Africa’s paediatric population that is infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the largest worldwide, little research has been conducted on their mental health challenges. However, attributing high levels of mental health problems solely to their HIV status can be problematic as there may be other contributory factors. This research explored the mental health problems of HIV-infected children and compared these to the mental health problems of their HIV-unaffected peers from similar backgrounds. Data was gathered from two samples of child and caregiver pairs. HIV-infected children (aged 6–12 years) and their caregivers/mothers (n = 54) were recruited from the Kalafong paediatric clinic where they received medical treatment and routine ART. A comparison group of 113 HIV-uninfected children and their uninfected mothers were recruited from primary care clinics in the same community. Caregivers completed the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) to assess children’s mental health. Children completed the Self-Description Questionnaire (SDQ-I) and the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS). The scores of the psychometric sub-scales of the two groups were compared using parametric and non-parametric statistics. HIV-infected children experienced more somatic and affective problems, physiological anxiety, less ADHD and lower self-esteem than HIV-uninfected children in the comparison group, while controlling for age differences. The high levels of mental health problems of both groups of children may be attributed to similar difficult socio-economic circumstances. The fact that most infected children were not aware of their HIV-status could have influenced the results. Mental health services should not be limited to HIV-infected children but should form part of all health care services.

Prevalence of depression and anxiety among children in rural and suburban areas of Eastern Uttar Pradesh: A cross-sectional study.

Background:Psychiatric morbidity in children and adolescents is a major concern as they become more complex and intense with children's transition into adolescence.Aim:The aim of this study is to assess and compare the prevalence of depression and anxiety among children residing in rural and suburban area of eastern Uttar Pradesh and understand the burden of these problems in our society.Materials and Methods:Children, in the age group 11–18 years, were divided into 2 groups: Group I – 100 children from rural area Tikri; Group II – 100 children from suburban area Sunderpur. Their sociodemographic details were recorded. Children's Depression Inventory and Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale were used to screen for depression and anxiety in children, respectively. The final diagnosis was done using present state examination in accordance with International Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders 10. Data were statistically analyzed using Chi-square test.Results:The prevalence of depression was found to be 14.5% while that of anxiety disorder was found to be 15%. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of depression or anxiety in rural and suburban areas (P > 0.05). Depression and anxiety were more prevalent in middle adolescence, in females, and in lower-middle socioeconomic group. Depression was more prevalent in the students of class 9th –12th, whereas anxiety was more in students of lower classes. Depression was more prevalent in joint families. These differences show some important trends regarding factors affecting these problems.Conclusion:This study yields useful information which could be of use in early management of psychiatric disorders present in the community and prevent their development into chronic disorders.

Reliability and Validity of the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form among Korean Adolescents.

Objectives:Experiencing early childhood trauma is related to multiple psychiatric problems in adolescents and adulthood. This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form (ETISR-SF) among Korean adolescents.Methods:A total of 86 adolescents aged 12–17 years (mean age 14.50±1.35 years, range 12–17) were assessed using the ETISR-SF. Other instruments, including the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), the revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS), and the List of Threatening Experiences Questionnaire (LTE-Q), were used to assess clinical symptoms. After 2 months, 51 of the 86 participants were evaluated using the ETISR-SF to assess test-retest reliability.Results:The Cronbach’s coefficient alpha for the ETISR-SF was high (0.803). Adolescents with depressive disorder showed higher ETISR-SF scores compared to healthy controls. The ETISR-SF scores were correlated higher with the scores on the LTE-Q (r=0.485) than with the scores on the CDI or RCMAS (r=0.165 and 0.347, respectively).Conclusion:The ETISR-SF was temporally stable, showing acceptable reliability (r=0.776). These findings suggest that the Korean version of the ETISR-SF appears to be a reliable and valid instrument for the measurement of reported childhood trauma.

Anxiety, sleep self-assessment, cortisol and saliva antioxidants in students with occasional experience of shift work

To study the anxiety level, sleep self-assessment and indicators of morning and evening levels of cortisol and saliva antioxidants in students with experience of occasional shift work. University students (n=159) with experience of shift work were examined. Psychoemotional status was assessed using the Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ), Spielberger-Khanin anxiety inventory, The Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (Nemchin's modification). The express-questionnaire The Quality of Sleep Hygiene, the Sleep Quality scale and the scale of drowsiness were used to assess sleep. Saliva morning and evening cortisol levels (ELISA) and the total antioxidant activity (amperometric method) were determined. There was an increase in the number of respondents with higher anxiety, higher scores of psychoticism and neuroticism. According to the self-assessment of sleep, a statistically significant decrease in the quality of sleep hygiene was shown. Biochemical parameters of the saliva differed significantly only in the morning hours: the increase in cortisol and decrease in the antioxidant activity were observed. The results suggest the possibility of asymptomatic development of emotional disorders and metabolic disorders in people with occasional night shift work.

FEATURES OF THE INTERCONNECTION BETWEEN SELF-ESTEEM AND BEHAVIORAL COMPONENT OF "I-CONCEPT" OF PERSONALITY WITH ANOMALY OF REFRACTION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF MYOPIA)

Problem statement. In modern studies, the question of structural features of "I-concept" of adult person with anomaly of refraction remains relevant. Problem analysis. In psychological literature, the topic of the interconnection between self-esteem and the behavioral component of "I-concept" of adult person with anomaly of refraction (on the example of myopia) is not covered enough. The purpose of the study - to reveal the features of this interconnection. Research methods. Testing: inquirer LSI (R. Plutchik, H. Kellerman &amp; H. R. Conte), method of the quantitative evaluation of self-esteem (by S. A. Budassi), method of diagnostics of person's tendency to conflict behavior (K. Thomas, adaptation of N.V. Gryshyna), Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (adaptation of V. G. Norakidze). Statistical processing of testing data: f-criterion and factor analysis. Description of the sample: 50 persons (31 women and 19 men), 25 - without visual impairment, and 25 - with myopia. Research results. The anomaly of refraction (on the example of myopia) affects certain features of the behavioral component of "I-concept" of personality. Personality with myopia prefers the psychological defense mechanism "negation", when regulating conflicts, it often refers to "collaborating". The study of the interconnections between the test indicators revealed a wider, varied and contradictory nature of these connections in the group of persons with myopia. Conclusions. The nature of the interconnection between self-esteem and the behavioral component of "I-concept" of personality with anomaly of refraction (on the example of myopia) is determined by the following features. The activation of the psychological defense mechanism "rationalization" contributes to increase of self-esteem, stimulates the mechanisms of "displacement" and "compensation", which has a certain influence on the choice of "collaborating" as the dominant conflict-handling mode. The above features are accompanied by a certain complication (contradiction) of the behavioral component of "I-concept". The results obtained can be useful in conducting counseling work with people who have anomaly of refraction.

Anxiety and the Quality of Life of Children Living With Parental Cancer.

Previous research on children living with parental cancer has mainly focused on the psychosocial challenges, but few studies have explored their health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This is important to promote well-being and discover areas of distress, as well as positive aspects of the children's life. The aim of this study was to study how children's HRQOL is influenced by anxiety and whether age and gender act as moderators for this relationship. This study used a survey with a cross-sectional design, including 35 children between 8 and 18 years old (mean, 13.3 years old) living with parental cancer. Questionnaires of HRQOL (Kinder Lebensqualität) and anxiety (Revised Child Manifest Anxiety Scale) were used. The children reported higher anxiety and lower HRQOL than the controls. The children's physiological (P = .03), emotional (P = .04), and school (P = .00) functions were significantly impaired, whereas they scored in line with the controls on self-esteem, family, friends, and overall HRQOL. A negative correlation (r = -0.707, P < .01) between anxiety and HRQOL was found. Neither age nor gender acted as a moderator between anxiety and HRQOL. A one-dimensional focus on anxiety may not capture these children's multidimensional challenges. In contrast, a focus on HRQOL may give important knowledge of the children's challenges, as well as areas where they function well. Healthcare professionals need to work collaboratively across disciplines and have a multidimensional focus in caring for patients with cancer who have children. They must provide both the parents and children with adequate information and tools to handle their family health situation to promote the children's HRQOL.

Effect of menopausal symptoms on psychological problems among middle-aged women

Background Menopause characterizes the end of the female reproductive period. Psychological problems such as anxiety and depression are reported among women in the menopausal period. Aim The aim was to find out the effect of menopausal symptoms on psychological problems such as anxiety and depression among middle-aged women. Participants and methods A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. This study was conducted at eight colleges from Zagazig University. A convenience sample composed of 200 menopausal women was recruited. Four tools were used for collection of data: interview questionnaire, menopause rating scale, Beck depression inventory scale, and Taylor manifest anxiety scale. Results More than three-quarters of the studied women were aged 50 years and older, with the mean age being 53.6±6.3 years. Nearly half of them had severe menopausal symptoms. More than one-third had mild depression and more than half of them had severe anxiety. Conclusion Nearly half of the studied women had severe menopausal symptoms. More than one-third had mild depression and more than half of them had severe anxiety. There were positive statistically significant correlations among total menopausal symptom, anxiety, and depression scores. Moreover, there were statistically significant relations between total menopausal symptom score and both educational level and duration of menopause. Recommendations The present study emphasizes that depression and anxiety are commonly prevalent among the middle-aged women; therefore, women should be screened in the menopause transition period, especially for clinically significant depression and anxiety, as some changes in women lifestyle like diet and exercises can improve good mood. Moreover, training programs should be designed for middle-aged women to decrease psychological problems associated with menopause, and delivery of mental health services in this group is essential.

Effect of a Preoperative Preparation Program on Anxiety in School-age Children Undergoing Surgery Using a Factorial Design

Background: Surgery is a stressful experience in children. Therefore, the familiarization of this population with treatment processes by means of appropriate training tools and techniques can be an effective way to control their anxiety. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a preoperative preparation program on anxiety in school-age children undergoing surgery using a factorial design. Method: This clinical trial was conducted on 81 children aged 6-12 years as candidates for elective surgery at Doctor Sheikh Hospital in Mashhad, Iran, in 2016. A preparation program was implemented with two methods (i.e., displaying video tutorials with and without nurses’ explanations) and on two different days (i.e., prior to and on the day of operation) using a factorial design. The estimation of children’s anxiety was accomplished by using the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale administered before training and prior to operating room admission. The data were analyzed by statistical tests in SPSS software, version 16. Results: The study groups were comparable in terms of demographic characteristics (P>0.05). There was no significant differences among the four groups regarding manifest anxiety based on the place of referral (i.e., department or clinic) (P=0.22), presentation or non-presentation of explanations by nurses (P=0.12), and their interaction effects (P=0.22). Implications for Practice: No significant difference was observed among the four groups in terms of manifest anxiety. Therefore, all four training methods were effective in reducing anxiety in children. Consequently, each of these methods can be used depending on human resources and infrastructure of each department.

Positive and Negative Affect, Anxiety, and Academic Achievement among Medical Students in Saudi Arabia

Several studies have proven that an individual’s psychological well-being is an essential element of his or her health. Stress and anxiety both play roles in the overall functioning of the individual. They have been shown to have powerful influence on students and their overall academic achievement and performance in their courses. In the present study, we sought to evaluate the effects of anxiety on the academic performance of medical students. The study participants were 185 male medical students in the faculty of medicine at Al Baha University, Saudi Arabia, and in age range from 19 to 25 years (M = 21.6 ± 1.7 years). To investigate students’ experiences of positive and negative affect and also their anxiety levels, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS) were administered to medical students and correlation of the PANAS and TMAS measures with Grade Point Average (GPA) was performed. The present study findings revealed that the association of positive affect (p = 0.016) of PANAS is significantly and strongly related to GPA in Saudi medical students, whereas negative affect and the TMAS were not, suggesting that the positive affect component of PANAS enhances the grade performance. To confirm and establish these results, future studies including both males and females with various economic backgrounds are recommended.

Does Acute Propranolol Treatment Prevent Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Anxiety, and Depression in Children with Burns?

This study examined whether acute propranolol treatment prevented posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression in children hospitalized in the pediatric intensive care unit for large burns. We hypothesized that the prevalence of PTSD, anxiety, and depression would be significantly less in the propranolol than nonpropranolol groups. Children who had previously participated in a randomized controlled clinical trial of acute propranolol and nonpropranolol controls were invited to participate in long-term follow-up interviews. Eligible participants from 1997 to 2008 were identified from the electronic medical records, and data were collected in 2010-2011. Measures included the Missouri Assessment of Genetics Interview for Children to assess lifetime PTSD, Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale to assess anxiety, and two depression inventories Children's Depression Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory-II. Of 202 participants, 89 were in the propranolol group and 113 were nonpropranolol controls. Children were an average of 7 years postburn. The average total body surface area burned was 56.4 + 15.1% (range = 24%-99%). The mean dose of propranolol was 3.64 ± 3.19 mg/kg per day (range = 0.36-12.12). The duration of propranolol inpatient treatment days varied, mean days 26.5 ± 19.8. The prevalence of lifetime PTSD in the propranolol group was 3.5% and controls 7.2%, but this difference was not statistically significant. We controlled for administration of pain medications, anxiolytics, and antidepressants overall and no significant differences were detected in the rates of PTSD, anxiety, or depression. The prevalence of PTSD, anxiety, and depression was similar in children who received propranolol acutely and those who did not. This may be influenced by the standard of care that all children received timely pharmacotherapy for pain and anxiety management and psychotherapy beginning in their acute phase of treatment.

Biopsychosocial Predictors of Quality of Life Outcomes in Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease.

The purpose of this prospective multi-center cross-sectional study was to identify key biopsychosocial factors that impact quality of life (QOL) of youth with congenital heart disease (CHD). Patient-parent pairs were recruited at a regular hospital follow-up visit. Patient- and parent-proxy-reported QOL were assessed using the Pediatric Cardiac Quality of Life Inventory (PCQLI). Wallander's and Varni's disability-stress coping model guided factor selection, which included disease factors, educational impairment, psychosocial stress, child psychological and parent/family factors. Measures utilized for these factors included the Pediatric Inventory for Parents, Self-Perception Profile for Children/Adolescents, Child Behavior Checklist, Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, Child PTSD Symptom Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale. Ordinary least squares regression was applied to test the theoretical model, with backwards stepwise elimination process. The models accounted for a substantial amount of variance in QOL (Patient-reported PCQLI R 2=0.58, p<0.001; Parent-proxy-reported PCQLI R 2=0.60, p<0.001). For patient-reported QOL, disease factors, educational impairment, poor self-esteem, anxiety, patient posttraumatic stress, and parent posttraumatic stress were associated with lower QOL. For parent-proxy-report QOL, disease factors, educational impairment, greater parental medical stress, poorer child self-esteem, more child internalizing problems, and parent posttraumatic stress were associated with lower QOL. The results highlight that biopsychosocial factors account for over half the variance in QOL in CHD survivors. Assessing and treating psychological issues in the child and the parent may have a significant positive impact on QOL.

From Janet T. Spence’s Manifest Anxiety Scale to the Present Day: Exploring Math Anxiety and its Relation to Math Achievement

Janet Taylor Spence conducted a great deal of foundational work establishing the negative relation between anxiety and performance. Spence operationalized trait anxiety by creating the Manifest Anxiety Scale, and she conducted numerous studies linking scores on this scale to performance across a variety of cognitive tasks. The field of math anxiety research has built from her work to examine the ways in which negative emotions regarding math can hinder math performance. We discuss the antecedents and development of math anxiety, as well as the ways in which other individual differences, such as working memory, affect the relation between anxiety and performance. Although a rich literature has sprung from Spence’s early work, there is much left to do in terms of fully understanding how specific types of anxiety interact with each other, as well as with other individual differences, to determine performance outcomes.

うつ病者ならびに正常人における顕在性不安検査(MAS)およびベックうつ病評定法(BDI)の臨床的研究

うつ病者ならびに正常人における顕在性不安検査(MAS)およびベックうつ病評定法(BDI)の臨床的研究