Manifest Anxiety Scale Research Articles

Cognitive behavior therapy intervention on adolescents to decrease anxiety problem study: the role of serotonin

The existence of demands that occur simultaneously causes some adolescents to be unable to adapt properly, especially the condition of adolescents who experience changeable emotions, are unstable, easily stressed, feel anxious, depressed, and feel helpless. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is a form of psychotherapy that can be used for adolescent emotional problems. The purpose of this study is to prove that CBT interventions can increase serotonin levels and reduce adolescent anxiety levels. The research population is adolescents with anxiety problems in the city of Surabaya. The research sample is 32 respondents with techniques systematic sampling. Inclusion criteria include: i) adolescents aged 12–18 years, ii) experiencing mental emotional anxiety problems as measured by a score with self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-29), and iii) being willing to participate in the research and get permission from parents. Data collection using an instrument in the form of a Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS). The data have been analyzed by the Wilcoxon test. The results show that there were significant differences in serotonin levels and anxiety levels before and after the intervention given CBT. The average value of serotonin levels in the posttest was higher than the pretest (p=0.001) and the average value of anxiety levels in the posttest was lower than the pretest (p=0.043) indicating that giving CBT interventions was able to significantly reduce anxiety levels. CBT interventions are proven to increase serotonin levels and reduce adolescent anxiety levels. By changing the form of thought and the resulting consequences, the intensity of the subject's anxiety decreases.

Application of Interactive Psychological Exercises for Psychological Rehabilitation of Combatants

Aim. Military operations in Ukraine have caused signs of mental trauma in the combatants. Such individuals need active psychological rehabilitation involving effective methods. One of them is the use of interactive psychological simulators that help to rethink one’s perception of reality and oneself in it, learn new types of behaviour. The aim is to identify the effectiveness of using interactive psychological simulators in improving the psycho-emotional state of combatants. Methods. The following methods were employed during the diagnostics: Diagnosis of Psychological Safety of a Person (DPSP-88), Lemur-Tessier-Fillion Psychological Stress Measure (PSM25), Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI), Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS). Descriptive statistics and Student’s t-test were applied for statistical processing. Results. The study proved that the use of an interactive psychological simulator by combatants increased their Psychological Safety Index (t = 8.42; p≤0.001), reduced stress (t = 4.39; p≤0.001), depression (t = 5, 14; p≤0.001), and anxiety (t = 5.43; p≤0.001). This makes it possible to expand the range of psychological rehabilitation of combatants through the introduction of psychological simulators. Conclusion. The obtained results are important for psychologists and rehabilitators, as they prove the effectiveness of the use of psychological simulators in the psychological rehabilitation of combatants. This can improve the process of psychological recovery of the military, contribute to their social and psychological adaptation, resocialisation. Based on the obtained results, it is planned to expand the possibilities of using psychological simulators in the rehabilitation of combatants. Their introduction into the mandatory system of providing assistance to victims of hostilities will reduce the time of their psychological recovery.

Association Between Dry Eye Disease with Anxiety and Depression Among Medical Sciences Students in Qassim Region: Cortisol Levels in Tears as a Stress Biomarker.

This study aimed to investigate the relationships between anxiety, depression, and ocular surface health. Cortisol levels were detected in human tears, and their relationship with anxiety levels was determined using a validated questionnaire. In total, 112 participants were recruited for this study. All participants were healthy medical students at the Qassim University. Each participant signed an informed consent form after receiving detailed information about the study. Visual acuity examination, TBUT, Shirmer1 test were performed. Participants were asked to fill out three questionnaires: Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and The Ocular Surface Disease Index. Tear samples were extracted from the Schirmer strips and cortisol level was measured using ELISA kits. A total of 112 college students were included in the study, 58.9% of whom were females. The mean age was 21.9 ± 1.7 years. Subjective reported symptoms of anxiety levels were significantly correlated with depression scores, the OSDI, and reduced Schirmer test measurements. Moreover, cortisol levels detected in tears were positively associated with higher anxiety scores (r=0.328, P<0.05). Ocular surface health is associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression. The use of tears to measure cortisol levels could be an interesting way to serve as an anxiety biomarker.

Gender differences in patients with corona virus disease-2019 presenting with psychiatric disturbances: a multicentre study

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease known as COVID-19 (2019) pandemic may increase the likelihood of psychological symptoms that can reach the level of psychiatric disorders.AimWe aimed to study psychiatric morbidity in patients with COVID-19 concerning gender differences and disease severity in the acute phase of infection and after 6 months.MethodsThis is a multicenter follow-up study registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04459403). Patients were recruited consecutively from three quarantine hospitals in Egypt. Data were collected through a questionnaire built using Google Forms including the Arabic versions of General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS). Depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were assessed after 6 months.ResultsThe study questionnaire was offered to 400 patients and 199 patients agreed to fill it. BDI and TAMS were higher in mild than moderate and severe COVID-19 (14, 8, 8, P-value = 0.009, 17, 13.5, 14, P-value = 0.04, respectively). Females showed a higher prevalence of depression, anxiety, sleep problems, and insomnia due to anxiety than males. Education level, marital status, previous psychiatric illness, and severity of COVID-19 independently affected depression. Marital status, family history of psychiatric illness, and chronic medical illness independently affected anxiety. On 6-month follow-up, BDI significantly decreased in males but not females. TMAS showed no significant changes, but the severity of anxiety was still higher in females. PTSD was more frequent in females (26 (37.1%) versus 4 (9.5%), respectively, P-value = 0.02).ConclusionThe prevalence and severity of depression and anxiety were higher in females than male participants, suggesting that females are more affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

An interactive online educational environment to reduce anxiety, improve emotional well-being, and critical thinking for college students

Interactive education can reduce anxiety among students by creating a supportive and supportive learning environment. This approach can also stimulate critical thinking, as it requires active student participation in debates, analysis, and discussions. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of interactive learning on Zoom on the anxiety, emotional well-being, and critical thinking of college students. The experiment involved 80 college students between 18 and 21 years of age. The research was performed by scientists from the [Zhengzhou University of Technology] University. To analyze the impact of the proposed strategy on emotional and cognitive well-being, the study used a set of questionnaires, namely Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale, WAM (Well-being Assessment Measure), and Subjective Questionnaire for assessing critical thinking. The obtained results confirm the effectiveness of the interactive learning methodology, which significantly reduced anxiety and increased the level of critical thinking among students. Anxiety decreased by 14 points, and critical thinking improved by 2.5 points, indicating positive dynamics of psychological and cognitive development. Despite the positive results, some contextual factors such as the level of the learning environment, cultural characteristics, and the personalities of students can influence the generalization of the findings. These findings can have practical application in the pedagogical practice of creating a favorable learning environment. Future research may focus on improving the methodology of interactive learning, studying its impact on other aspects of learning and development. It is also necessary to explore the use of interactive learning in various cultural and educational contexts.

Psychiatric impact of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 on previously mentally healthy survivors

BackgroundThe prolonged psychiatric disorders rate following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could surpass that of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) as well as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) as a result of variations in viral disease treatment as well as societal circumstances throughout the outbreaks. This work aimed to investigate the COVID-19 prolonged psychiatric effects on survivors without psychiatric diseases before infection.MethodsThis cross-sectional research was conducted on 1254 patients of which 700 patients (55.8%) were positive for psychiatric complications based on the general health (GHQ-28) questionnaire and 554 patients (44.1%) were negative, aged above 18 years old who had been infected with COVID19 (PCR swab confirmed) and recovered since less than 6 months without previous history of any psychiatric disease.ResultsSmoking, medical comorbidities, hospitalization, and cortisone in treatment were significantly higher in GHQ-28 positive than GHQ-28 negative (p < 0.05). Psychiatric disorders and Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) grades showed a significant association between smoking and hospitalization and Taylor Manifest Anxiety scales and smoking, hospitalization, and treatment with cortisone). Smoking, medical comorbidities, hospitalization, and cortisone in treatment were the most significant predictors of positive GHQ-28. However, multivariate analysis demonstrated that medical comorbidities, hospitalization, and cortisone in treatment were the best independent predictors of GHQ-28 positive (p = 7.055, p = 0.007, p = 0.043, p = 0.047, respectively).ConclusionsCOVID-19 cases without pre-existing psychological disorders exhibited a significant increase in psychiatric disorders occurrence 6 months following recovery. Anxiety disorders represented the predominant mental diagnoses documented.

Thrombotic and neuropsychiatric sequelae in post-coronavirus disease 2019 end-stage renal disease patients on maintenance hemodialysis

Background End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) are highly vulnerable to severe manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as increased risk of thromboembolic disease and worsened neuropsychiatric status. Aim To assess the long-term thrombotic and neuropsychiatric sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 in post-COVID-19 ESRD patients on MHD. Patients and methods We followed for 12 months, 35 clinically stable HD patients on MHD who were confirmed or highly suspected for COVID-19 by positive severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 RT-PCR and/or high probability on high-resolution computed tomography chest imaging. We recorded demographics, HD and COVID-19 related data, thromboembolic history, and psychiatric history. We recorded baseline and follow-up complete blood count with differential counts, D-dimer, prothrombin time, international normalized ratio, and high-resolution computed tomography chest findings. We assessed post-COVID-19 neuropsychiatric sequelae using the Arabic versions of Hamilton’s depression rating scale and Taylor’s manifest anxiety scale. Results Total leukocytic count, lymphocytes, and platelets were significantly lower during infection than preinfection, 6 months, and 1-year postinfection (P&lt;0.001, P=0.003, P=0.014, respectively). Six months after infection, d-dimer levels were higher than normal values. The incidence of vascular access thrombosis was 25.7%. The scores of Hamilton’s depression rating scale and Taylor’s manifest anxiety scale were high [25 (interquartile range; 17–28) and 26 (interquartile range; 19–33)], respectively, and the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms were 94.3 and 85.7%, respectively. Conclusions During infection, ESRD patients showed significantly lower total leukocytic count, lymphocytes, and platelets than preinfection, 6 months, and 1-year postinfection. They had high levels of d-dimer 6 months postinfection and a high risk for vascular access thrombosis. Their psychological wellbeing was markedly impaired by the pandemic resulting in depression and anxiety.

Association between prenatal and childhood PM2.5 exposure and preadolescent anxiety and depressive symptoms.

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure has been linked to anxiety and depression in adults; however, there is limited research in the younger populations, in which symptoms often first arise. We examined the association between early-life PM2.5 exposure and symptoms of anxiety and depression in a cohort of 8-11-year-olds in Mexico City. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Spanish versions of the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale and Children's Depression Inventory. Daily PM2.5 was estimated using a satellite-based exposure model and averaged over several early and recent exposure windows. Linear and logistic regression models were used to estimate the change in symptoms with each 5-µg/m3 increase in PM2.5. Models were adjusted for child's age, child's sex, maternal age, maternal socioeconomic status, season of conception, and temperature. Average anxiety and depressive symptom T-scores were 51.0 (range 33-73) and 53.4 (range 44-90), respectively. We observed consistent findings for exposures around the fourth year of life, as this was present for both continuous and dichotomized anxiety symptoms, in both independent exposure models and distributed lag modeling approaches. This window was also observed for elevated depressive symptoms. An additional consistent finding was for PM2.5 exposure during early pregnancy in relation to both clinically elevated anxiety and depressive symptoms, this was seen in both traditional and distributed lag modeling approaches. Both early life and recent PM2.5 exposure were associated with higher mental health symptoms in the child highlighting the role of PM2.5 in the etiology of these conditions.

Assessment of consequences of COVID-19 in adolescents by the method of questionnaire

Background. In Russia, of all detected cases of COVID-19, 18 % were in the pediatric population. According to a number of studies, adolescents develop long-term clinical and psychological consequences after an illness. Therefore, at present, the most relevant is a thorough study of the structure and severity of consequences of COVID-19 in adolescents.The aim of the research was to assess the severity of consequences of COVID-19 in adolescents depending on the time period after diseases.Methods. The sample included 96 people aged 11–16 years: 48 adolescents who have undergone COVID-19 (main group); 48 adolescents who did not have COVID-19 (control group). The main group was divided into six subgroups, depending on the period after COVID-19. The following research methods were used: clinical history using a standardized interview method; “Correction test” method by B. Bourdon; Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI-1A); Adolescent’s Form of Manifest Anxiety Scale by A.M. Prikhozhan.Results. Clinical symptoms of COVID-19 during the acute phase of the disease were considered in adolescents. It has been established that the most common symptoms include fever, runny nose, cough, sore throat, severe fatigue, impaired sense of smell, impaired taste, headache (most often localized in the frontal region). Clinical and psychological symptoms characteristic of post-COVID syndrome were considered as consequences of COVID-19 in adolescents. The majority of the examined adolescents showed the following clinical symptoms of COVID-19 after discharge: asthenia, disturbances of smell and taste; lasting from 2 to 64 weeks. As psychological symptoms, adolescents were characterized by reduced attention span, reduced speed of information processing and concentration, as well as the presence of symptoms of severe depression and high anxiety. During the second month after COVID-19, the most unfavorable emotional state was revealed in adolescents.Conclusions. The data obtained made it possible to determine that post-COVID syndrome in adolescents is characterized by the presence of an asthenic condition, impaired attention, high anxiety, severe depressive symptoms.

Sleep disorders, anxiety and obesity associated with untreated dental caries in children eight to ten years of age.

To evaluate the presence of sleep disorders, obesity and anxiety associated with cavitated carious lesions in children aged 8 to 10 years. A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Northeast of Brazil. The sample was comprised of 793 schoolchildren randomly selected from public and private schools. Calibrated examiners (Kappa >0.80) performed the clinical examination of dental caries using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System and applied the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale and the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children questionnaires. The anthropometric variables evaluated were weight and height. Negative binomial regressions (α ≤ 0.05) were performed. A Directed Acyclic Graph was prepared using DAGitty software (version 3.0), to select the co-variables for the statistical fits. The prevalence of tooth decay was 52.8%. The mean number of tooth surfaces with cavitated caries was 2.2(2.8), 58.9% of the schoolchildren had some type of sleep disorder, while 20.2% were anxious and 29.1% were obese. Sleep disturbance (RR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.05-1.83), general anxiety (RR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.32-2.21), obesity (RR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.17-1.86) were associated with dental caries in the final model. The presence of carious lesions was higher in children with sleep disorders, anxiety, obesity, and those who experienced dry mouth.

Relationship between Cigarette Smoking and Anxiety Level among Nurses

Background: This study aims to determine whether cigarette smoking and anxiety degrees are related among nurses. Methods: A correlation design study was conducted at Baquba Teaching Hospital in Diyala Governorate, and the study period extended from September 10th, 2023, to January 28th, 2024. A nonprobability purposive sample was used to include 200 nurses working at Baquba Teaching Hospital, Iraq. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire from January 10th to February 7th, 2024. There were two components to the study instruments. Initially, the demographic sheet contained the individuals' sociodemographic data. The Taylor manifest anxiety scale is included in the second section. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results: Findings of the current study showed that 47.5% of nurses had a moderate level of anxiety, while 35.5% experienced a small level of anxiety, and 17.0% suffered from a severe level of anxiety regarding smoking cigarettes. The nonparametric correlation analysis (Spearman's rho) carried out to examine the relationship between cigarette smoking and anxiety levels among nurses yielded a significant correlation coefficient of 0.01 (p &gt; 0.05). The findings revealed a strong and positive correlation between all aspects related to cigarette smoking and anxiety levels. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, it concluded that nurses reported moderate levels of anxiety, and it was displayed that there was a relationship between nurses' anxiety levels and cigarette smoking depending on their age groups and length of hospital employment. Recommendation: It is recommended that training and educational programs be implemented to cultivate a suitable health promotion culture among nurses, thereby enabling them to offer more effective support to patients who smoke.

Clinical and neurophysiological manifestations of sluggish cognitive tempo in children

To study the clinical and neurophysiological features of children with low cognitive tempo (NCT), as well as the effectiveness of the drug Pantogam in the treatment of this pathology. A total of 90 children aged 8 to 10 years were examined. Of these, the main study group consisted of 30 children with NCT, the comparison group consisted of 30 children with a combined type of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD (ADHD-K), the control group consisted of 30 children without neuropsychiatric disorders. The study used clinical, neurophysiological (electroencephalography (EEG)) and parametric methods. The CMAS scale of apparent anxiety (The Children's Form of Manifest Anxiety Scale), the SNAP-IY scale (assessment of the degree of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity), the TOVA computer test (the Test of Variables of Attention), the scale «SCT» (Sluggish Cognitive Tempo) for assessing manifestations of low cognitive tempo, the «RAM» technique for quantifying working memory. Pantogam was used to treat patients at a dose of 750 mg per day for 8 weeks. Patients with NCT are characterized by more pronounced attention disorders compared with healthy peers and with children with ADHD-K, and they have a decrease in mainly not selective attention, but the overall level of functional activity. Also, the group of children with NCT has an increased level of anxiety compared to the group of children with ADHD. A comparative analysis of the level of impulsivity showed that children with NCT are less characterized by a deficit in inhibition processes. According to the quantitative analysis of the EEG, specific changes in functional activity in the frontal and central regions of the cerebral cortex were revealed (a statistically significant increase in the ratio of absolute theta rhythm to beta1 rhythm, compared with other groups), reflecting insufficient cortical arousal and less focused neural states. When re-evaluating the condition of children with NCT after a course of therapy with Pantogam, an improvement in the form of a decrease in the degree of inattention, the severity of memory impairment and a decrease in reaction time was recorded in 60% of cases. According to quantitative EEG analysis, there was a significant decrease in the ratio of absolute theta rhythm to beta1 rhythm in the central leads of both hemispheres and in the parietal-temporal leads of the left hemisphere, indicating an increase in the level of overall activation of the cerebral cortex after a course of treatment. Clinical and neurophysiological differences were revealed in patients with NCT and with combined ADHD. It has been shown that the use of Pantogam for the treatment of children with NCT leads not only to a decrease in the main manifestations of this disorder, but also to an improvement in the functional state of the brain.

Effectiveness of online group cognitive behavioral therapy for adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a pilot study.

To evaluate the effectiveness of online group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) based on the CAMALEO TOC manual in the treatment of adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This is a quasi-experimental study with a single-group pretest-posttest intervention. Over a 12-week period, 11 adolescents aged 11 to 17 years with OCD participated in weekly online group CBT sessions based on the CAMALEO TOC manual. We used several assessment tools, including the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale to assess the severity of OCD symptoms, the Family Accommodation Scale for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder-Interviewer-Rated to measure family accommodation, the Children's Depression Inventory to assess depression symptoms, the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale to assess anxiety, and the Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale to measure satisfaction with life. OCD symptoms decreased significantly (d = -1.55) after online group CBT, and a strong effect size (d = -1.03) was found for family accommodation. After controlling for variables (e.g., engagement in psychotherapeutic treatment, medication use, or psychiatric comorbidities), no significant differences were found for OCD symptoms and family accommodation scores. In addition, there was insufficient evidence to support the effectiveness of online group CBT in reducing symptoms of depression or anxiety or improving overall quality of life. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of short-term online group CBT as an effective therapeutic approach for adolescents with OCD.

STRUCTURE OF ANXIETY DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC MIGRAINE AND ABDOMINAL OBESITY

Introduction. In Ukraine, on average, 30% of people are obese and 25% are overweight. In parallel with the increase in the number of overweight patients, the percentage of people with migraine is increasing. The prevalence of migraine is high, it affects 12-15% of the population. Both diseases negatively affect not only the function of internal organs, but also the nervous-psychological state of patients, leading to anxiety and depressive disorders.&#x0D; The aim of the study was to analyze the features of the structure of anxiety disorders in obese patients with chronic migraine.&#x0D; Materials and methods: 180 patients (90 women and 90 men) were examined and divided into two clinical groups: 1st group – 60 persons with chronic migraine with an average BMI=23.5.8±1.10 kg/m2; 2nd group – 60 obese patients with chronic migraine, BMI=34.6±1.42 kg/m2. The control group consisted of 60 patients without a headache and with averange BMI=19.5±0.7 kg/m2. The ICHD-3 criteria were used to diagnose migraine. The DSM-5 criteria were used to diagnose anxiety disorders. The patient's level of anxiety was measured using Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS). Statistical processing was performed using dispersion and correlation analysis.&#x0D; Results: Phobic anxiety disorders were in 1.5 times more common in 2nd group patients (c2=9.81, p&lt;0.001) than in 1st group patients; panic disorder was in 1.8 times more frequent in 2nd group (c2= 11.99, p&lt;0.001) than in the 1st group, generalized anxiety disorder was in 2 times (c2=13.08, p&lt;0.0001) less common in patients with chronic migraine than in comorbid patients. The total number of patients with anxiety disorders in patients with chronic migraine on the background of abdominal obesity was twice folds higher (c2=20.93, p=0.00001) than in 1st group patients.&#x0D; Conclusions: the presence of concomitant abdominal obesity in patients with chronic migrane, not only increases the total number of anxiety disorders, but also affects their structure. Therefore, in addition to basic anti-migraine therapy, non-medicinal therapy in the form of a balanced diet, an individual exercise program and 10-12 sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) should be supplemented for the treatment of such patients.

Prediction of arithmetic abilities of children who practice sports: The use of the gamma model

Background and Aim of Study: The physical performance that children exhibit when engaging in sports or any form of physical activity will depend not only on their physical abilities but also on their psychological and cognitive attributes. The aim of the study: to analyze whether symptoms of anxiety, lie, attention, and age are predictors of arithmetic abilities in children practicing sports. Material and Methods: The study sample consisted of 108 children with an average age of 12.12 (±2.18) who practice various sports, with greater emphasis on futsal and soccer. The study protocol consisted of a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale, the d2 Test of Attention, and the Arithmetic subtest of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. Results: The results showed that through the adjusted model, we identify four significant explanatory variables that are predictors of arithmetic abilities, namely anxiety symptoms (β=-0.009, p=0.009); and the attention sub-factors: processed characters (β=0.002, p=3.44e-14), default errors (β=-0.005, p=0.000), errors by marking irrelevant characters (β=-0.016, p=0.003). Conclusions: The presence of anxiety symptoms and attentional cognitive abilities play a significant role in predicting the arithmetic aptitudes of young individuals. These variables should be taken into consideration within training programs for young athletes, as they hold relevance for sports engagement.

Study of the Psychological State of Mothers on the Basis of the Support Center for Families with Children Having Special Educational Needs

The purpose of the research is to study the dynamics of anxiety manifestations, the tendency to depression and psychological stress in mothers, who are raising children with disabilities, during their participation in the activities of public parent associations. The study presents three stages in the development of a public parent organization functioning in cooperation with the Support Center for Families with Children Having Special Educational Needs. Methodology. Numerous studies of psychological conditions, behavioral and personal characteristics of mothers raising children with disabilities indicate the prevalence of prolonged psychological traumatization, which is accompanied by negative consequences for the mother’s personality and the family as a whole. However, there is evidence that an extreme traumatic situation can be considered not only as a source of personality problems, but also as an incentive to its growth and development. One of the conditions for post-traumatic personal growth is the social support factor, which should have a prolonged impact in the case under study. The results of the study. The implementation of such techniques as “The Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale”, “PSM-25 Perceived Stress Scale”, “Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale” results in confirming the hypothesis of a relative decrease in the manifestation of anxiety, propensity for depression and susceptibility to stress in the studied subjects during the three years of their active participation in the work of a public parent association. This may indicate stabilization of their psychological state and possibilities of transition to a more optimal level of personal functioning. The conclusion is made about the possibility of using the data obtained in the system of psychological and pedagogical support for families raising children with disabilities.

Determinantele psihosociale ale anxietății la elevii din ciclul gimnazial

The article presents the results of an experimental research on anxiety and its psychosocial determinants at pupil from gymnasium. As a sample we selected 100 pupils from 5th till 8th class. On all pupils we applied the following teste: Children Anxiety Manifest Test, Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale and Self-confidence test by V. Romek. As results we established that anxiety is a characteristic for pupils (52% of pupils have a moderate and high level of anxiety). Anxiety is more particular for girls than for boys. As determinants of anxiety we highlighted a low level of self-confidence and courage. Also, for pupils with anxiety are specific a low and moderate level of initiation of social contacts.

The effect of sleep disorders, school jet lag, and anxiety in students 8-10 years of age on traumatic dental injuries.

Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) constitute a public health problem. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether sleep disorders, school jet lag, and anxiety are associated with TDI in schoolchildren 8-10 years of age. An analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted with 739 pairs of parents/guardians and children enrolled in public and private schools. The parents/guardians answered a socioeconomic questionnaire, the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children, Circadian Energy Scale, and Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale. Four examiners underwent calibration exercises for the diagnosis of TDI (K > 0.80) using the criteria proposed by Andreasen (2007). A directed acyclic graph was used for the formulation of the theoretical model and statistical adjustments. Unadjusted and adjusted robust binary logistic regression analyses were performed (α = 5%). The prevalence of TDI was 16.2%. The following variables remained associated with the outcome in the final model: family income less than or equal to the minimum monthly wage (OR = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.09-2.88; p = .02), child's height >137.6 cm (OR = 1.68; 95% CI: 1.06-2.64; p = .02), the occurrence of school jet lag (OR = 2.12; 95% CI: 1.27-3.53; p = .004), anxiety (OR = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.04-3.00; p = .04) and sleep disorders (OR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.38-1.93; p = .05). Children from families with a lower income, taller children, those with school jet lag, those with anxiety and those with sleep disorders had a greater occurrence of TDI.

Emotional state of patients with mild traumatic brain injury

Introduction and Aim: Psychological effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) are frequently present in addition to neurological deficits. The purpose of this study is to assess the emotional state of patients with mild TBI in the remote period. Methods: This study included 78 patients aged 22–53 years with a reliably established diagnosis of mild TBI, with damage duration ranging from 1–5 years. The mean age was (34.6±3.2 years). To determine the level of anxiety, the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale was used. Results: The testing revealed that patients with suicidal thoughts had a significantly higher level of anxiety (34.2%) than the patients with TBI in the main group (27.5%). Comparative analysis between the two groups showed that the uselessness was more characteristic for suicides (22.8±0.14), who considered themselves completely useless than patients with TBI (20.6±1.36) with reliability (t = 4.2; p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Due to the damage that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can do to the body, especially to mental health, it is important to use medical and psychosocial rehabilitation as early as possible in the treatment stage to figure out the type and severity of the psychoemotional disorder and correct the psychosomatic state using psychopharmacological and psychotherapeutic effects.

Prevalence of Anxiety, Depression, and Perceived Stress Among Family Caregivers of Patients Diagnosed With Oral Cancer in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central India: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background and objectives Oral cancer is a significant health issue in India, with one of the highest incidence rates globally. Family caregivers play a crucial role in the care of oral cancer patients, but their mental health often faces challenges. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and perceived stress among family caregivers of oral cancer patients in a tertiary care hospital in central India and explore the associated psychosocial factors. Population and method The study was carried out between March 2023 and August 2023 in a tertiary care hospital in Wardha, Maharashtra. Family caregivers (N=82, mean age = 36.1 (SD 10.5) years) of patients with clinically diagnosed oral cancer were subjected first tostructured psychiatric clinical interviews to screen for psychiatric diagnoses and then were given self-reporting questionnaires for socio-demographic data, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) for measuring the emotional, cognitive, and motivational symptoms of depression, Manifest Anxiety Scale (MAS) to assess the degree of anxiety and Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) to assess stress level. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0 (Released 2019; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Chi-square test and logistic regression analyses were conducted wherever appropriate in order to explore predictive factors of depressive, anxious, or stress symptoms. Result In the studied population, the majority experienced symptoms of depression (65.1%), anxiety (69.5%), and perceived stress (74.7%). Caregivers of patients with advanced oral cancer were found to have a higher likelihood of experiencing depression (χ2 (1) = 16.76, p < .001) and anxiety related to unemployment (χ2 (1) = 10.12, p = .001) or insufficient earnings (χ2 (1) = 28.63, p < .001). Additionally, participants with no or little formal education (χ2 (1) = 4.63, p = 0.031) and lower income (χ2 (1) = 28.63, p < .0001) were significantly more likely to experience distress compared to those with higher levels of education. Conclusion This study highlights the need for comprehensive support systems for family caregivers of oral cancer patients. Educational programs, financial assistance, and mental health services should be tailored to caregivers' specific needs. Early identification and intervention strategies can help mitigate the psychological impact of caregiving. Further research is essential to develop targeted interventions that enhance the well-being of caregivers and improve the quality of life for both patients and caregivers.