Mandailing Language Research Articles

Inheritance of Consonant Phonemes from PAN to Mandailing Language

This study aims to examine the inheritance of consonant phonemes from Proto-Austronesian (PAN) to Mandailing Language (BM), as part of the Austronesian language family. The method used is the comparative historical method with a focus on analyzing basic Swadesh vocabulary collected from native speakers in Panyabungan, Mandailing Natal. The diachronic analysis shows that BM preserved some phonemes from PAN while undergoing significant changes in some consonants. The results show patterns of phonetic changes of PAN to BM consonants, including changes of /b/ to /b/ or /m/, /k/ to /h/ in the penultima position, /z/ to /j/ in the ultima position, /l/ to /n/ in the ultima position, and changes of /h/ to missing in the ultima position. These changes provide deep insights into phonological evolution in BM, indicating a PAN linguistic heritage with innovative variations in word phonology and morphology. The findings support the theory of language evolution and make an important contribution to the understanding of Austronesian historical linguistics.

Translation Methods of Mangupa Text from Mandailing Language into Indonesian

Mangupa text can be regarded as a cultural text because the text is a text or written material that reflects a way of life that is owned by a group of people. This research is qualitative research and the method is document (text) analysis, data analysis uses translation theory by Newmark. This theory divides translation into eight methods: Word for Word Translation, Literal Translation, Free Translation, Adaptation Translation, Idiomatic Translation, Faithful Translation, Semantic Translation, and Communicative Translation. The findings of the research showed 23 text in a Mangupa Text from Mandailing Language Into Indonesian that is exactly divisible for by the use of Newmark’s theory that the translation method which is the most frequently used by the translator is semantic translation and word for word translation.

Incorporation With Verbal Deletion In Mandailing Language

Incorporation in the Mandailing language occurs due to changes of verb position which results in deletion of verb. The theory used to analyze this incorporation of verb deletion is one presented by Fillmore (1988) referring to Jehane’s. Meanwhile, the method used in this study is based on Labov’s. According to Labov, the data of linguistic research are obtained from text, elicitation, intuition, experiment, and observation. Von Humboldt states that the term incorporation is the unification of lexical morphemes and words. The result of this analysis indicates that the incorporation in Mandailing occurs typologically rather than polysynthetically. The forms or types of incorporation in this language are apparently quite broad, varied, and applied clearly without changing the meaning of each incorporation. One of the incorporation forms or types results in incorporation with verb deletion. The kinds of incorporation with verb deletion based on the cases are objective, instrumental, locative, translative, and state incorporations. The incorporation process of verb deletion happens because the incorporating case changes its function. The case is verbalized by verb affix, and then the incorporation process causes changes in syntactic valence and construction.

The Translation Methods of Mangupa Text From Mandailing Language Into Indonesian

Mangupa text can be regarded as a cultural text because the text is a text or written material that reflects a way of life that is owned by a group of people. This research is qualitative research and the method is document (text) analysis, data analysis uses translation theory by Newmark. This theory divides translation into eight methods: Word for Word Translation, Literal Translation, Free Translation, Adaptation Translation, Idiomatic Translation, Faithful Translation, Semantic Translation, and Communicative Translation. The findings of the research showed 23 text in a Mangupa Text from Mandailing Language Into Indonesian that is exactly divisible for by the use of Newmark’s theory that the translation method which is the most frequently used by the translator is semantic translation and word for word translation.

Kekerabatan Bahasa Melayu Ujung Gading Kecamatan Lembah Melintang dan Bahasa Mandailing Air Bangis Kecamatan Sungai Beremas Kabupaten Pasaman Barat

The benefits of this research are (1) to determine the proportion of the degree of kinship between the two languages ​​being studied (2) to determine the length of time the separation between the two languages ​​is being studied (3) to find out the sound correspondence between the languages ​​being studied. Comparative history of linguistics is the type of research used. Next, qualitative and quantitative are the methods used by the researcher. The object of this research is the Malay language which originates from Nagari Ujung Gading which is in the Lembah Melintang sub-district and the Mandailing language in the Nagari Air Bangis area which is in the Sungai Beremas sub-district, West Pasaman Regency. The information in this research is the cognate vocabulary of two hundred basic Swadesh vocabulary and three hundred cultural vocabulary from the two languages ​​that will be studied. Recording equipment/cameras and stationery are research instruments. Proficiency procedures (fishing method and conversant methods) and advanced methods (advanced proficient engagement methods and note-taking methods) are procedures and methods for providing data in research. The method used to analyze information is a lexicostatistical method with a glottochronology method. Based on calculations and research data using lexicostatistical techniques, it was found that related vocabulary in the Malay language in the Ujung Gading area, which is in the Lembah Melintang sub-district, and the Mandailing language in the Air Bangis area, which is in the Sungai Beremas sub-district, to be precise, in the West Pasaman Regency, is 242 words cognat (relatives) and then 258 words are not. cognate. So, the proportion level of kinship between the two languages ​​is 41.5%. Furthermore, based on the calculation of the glotochronological method, it was found that the separation of the two languages ​​was 2027 years ago. Based on the five hundred vocabularies found sound correspondences, there are 103 vocabularies of similar or identical forms, 79 selected sound/phoneme vocabulary, 47 sound/phoneme absorption vocabulary, and 13 sound/phoneme accumulations that correspond to sound.

Color in Mandailing Language: A Semantic Study of Connotation

Language is the way of humans perceives their environment. This paper aim described the study of color semantics in Mandailing language. This is because color is one of the most important elements in human life to convey a certain impression and is an interesting topic to analyze because the vocabulary of color in each language is unique. On this occasion, the authors used the Natural Semantic Metal Language approach to describe Colors in Mandailing Language by using semantic studies of connotation. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method that produces word descriptions. The data technique uses the technique of recording, observing and because of the methods used to obtain data so that it is done by recording using language, both spoken language (Mandailing community speech) and writing related to naming color names. Basically, Mandailing culture recognizes 12 colors, namely red (rara), brown (coklat), gray (abu-abu), purple (bunga torung), orange (pinang), pink (merah jambu), green (rata), light green (rata bulung pisang), blue (rata ombun), white (bontar), black (lomlom) and yellow (gorsing). The function of color in the Mandailing language is also used as a means of communication and social adaptation. In terms of meaning, the color in the Mandailing language also has connotative meanings such as dysphemism and eupemism. The research was conducted in Matondang Village - Palas, North Sumatra with 100% ethnic population in Mandailing. The results of this study indicate that the naming of colors in the Mandailing community in Matondang Village is caused by experience in seeing an object so that when seeing the same color as the object, the naming of the color name appears with the object's name.

Proto Language Relationship with Mandailing Language

This study aims to examine the kinship of the Proto language with the Mandailing language. This research uses qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative method by grouping languages according to their level of kinship. The quantitative method is carried out using lexicostatistics techniques. Data collection techniques used in the form of recording techniques and recording techniques. The data used in this research is basic vocabulary which contains a list of 200 Swadesh vocabularies. (1) Identical pairs of Proto and Mandailing have 35 vocabularies. (2) Pairs Have Phonemic Correspondence in Proto and Mandailing, there are 2 vocabularies. (3) Phonetic similarities between Proto and Mandailing have 2 vocabularies. (4) One different phoneme in Proto and Mandailing languages has 16 vocabularies. The overall similarity of vocabularies from Proto and Mandailing which can be concluded is that there are 55 vocabularies or about 28%. That is, the percentage of kinship between the two is 28%. This percentage indicates that the Proto and Mandailing languages belong to the same family.

The Concept of Color In Batak Mandailing Communities: Natural Semantic Metalanguage Approach

The concept of naming colors in each culture and language is certainly different. Color is defined as a means of expression to interpret the meaning exactly. This study was analyzed about the concept of color in the Batak Mandailing culture. The aim of the study is to describe the vocabulary of colors and their meanings in the Batak Mandailing language. The theory used in this study is the theory of Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM). The type of method used in this study is descriptive qualitative. The technique used is the recording and note-taking technique and to obtain the data it is done by recording the use of language, both written and spoken language. Data were collected through primary and secondary sources. Where the primary source collects library data about the names of colors. Then, secondary data was taken by conducting interviews with native speakers of the Batak Mandailing language. The results of this study indicate that there are six basic colors in the Batak Mandailing language, namely lomlom, bontar, rara, gorsing, average for green and average for blue. And the color pattern of the Batak Mandailiing language is formed by the components 'X is something' and 'X is something like this'

TIPOLOGI SINTAKSIS DALAM BAHASA BATAK MANDAILING

This study discusses the word order of the Mandailing language in a syntactic typology review. In collecting data, the method of listening and literature review was used. In reviewing the data needed in this paper, the agih method is used. The results of data analysis in this paper are presented with informal methods and formal methods. In the Mandailing Batak language, there are two types of word order. Verbal word order and nominal word order. The dominant order pattern is found in sentences that begin with a verb and are followed by a noun that functions as a subject. While the alternative order pattern is found in the nouns that fill the function of the subject and object which are put forward. The word order in the Mandailing Batak language has a V-S-O dominant pattern, and the alternative sequence pattern is S-V-O, OVS, V-O-S. In the SVO sequence in the Mandailing language, the elements that fill the S function can be filled by three categories, namely nouns, personal pronouns, and demonstrative pronouns. The word order of type VOS is a variant of the word order of type SVO. This word order has two kinds of models. The first model is an element of the subject function filler category consisting of definite nouns, the second model is an element of the subject function filler category consisting of non-definite nouns. Keyywords: linguistic, typology, syntax, Mandailing’s language.

PROSES MORFOLOGIS AFIKSASI DALAM KALIMAT (SINTAKSIS) DALAM BAHASA MANDAILING (BM)

The changes of affixation morphology have a number of effects on the changes of sentence structure (syntax) in Mandailing language. The process of changes can also lead to a change in meaning directly. The objective of the research was to find out morphological change of affixes which effected the changing of sentences structures (syntax) in Mandailing language. The method which is used to carry out this research is qualitative research method. The type of research approach which is used in this research is descriptive qualitative research, which is one type of qualitative research that uses a descriptive analysis process. Descriptive is intended to describe and get information about the data needed precisely. The data were collected by using observation and interview. The source of data in this research was taken from many informant of native speakers of Mandailing language which had been listened and interviewed by the researcher whether in the form of observation and interview. The research result of the research was finding many affixes in Mandailing language and three formula that was generally effected morphological change of affixes which was also effect the sentence structures and meaning of the sentences. They were ma + kt. dasar, ma + kt.dasar + i, ma + kt.dasar + kon/hon.

Mechanism of Valence Change in Mandailing Language: Linguistics Typology

This paper described the mechanism of valence change in Mandailing language. The concept of valence refers to the number of arguments a verb that serves as a predicate in a clause can present. Changing the valence of verbs in Mandailing through a causative process causes the verbs to experience an increase in valence. This study was included a qualitative descriptive study, in which the method is a study of language typology and the data analyzed based on the problems discussed using the method Agih. The results of the data analysis of this study are presented using an informal method in the form of explanation or exposure using ordinary words or verbal language. The determinants used by this method are the language elements in the Mandailing language. The purpose of this study was to find what types of verbs in the Mandailing language can experience changes in valence, symptoms, and their process of change, and the semantic role of these verbs. The data analysis from this study was obtained through the observation method and the proficient method with informants; based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that changes in the valence of the Mandailing language occur mainly in intransitive, transitive, transitive verbs, which are grouped into symptoms that cause valence reduction and valence expansion. This study is also expected to inspire some researchers interested in the mechanism of valence change in Mandailing language, either micro or macro.

Ecolinguistics in the Grain Lexicon of Mandailing Language

The research discusses the study of ecolinguistics in the grain lexicon of the Mandailing language. The purpose of this study was to describe the grain lexicon in the Mandailing community. This research is a qualitative descriptive study using an ecolinguistic approach. This research conducted inManisak Village, Batang Natal District, Madina Regency (Mandailing Natal). The subjects of this study were native speakers of the Mandailing language in Manisak village. The source of this research data is grain speech in the Mandailing community. The data collection technique was carried out by the listening method which began with observation and interviews. The results of this study are first, the acquisition of the grain lexicon found in the Mandailing community in the form of words and phrases. Second, the resulting lexicon refers to three classifications, namely lexicon related to activities or ways of working (verb), lexicon related to material (noun) and lexicon related to nature (ejective).

Diatesis in Mandailing Language South Tapanuli

This study examines diathesis in the South Tapanuli Mandailing language using a morphosyntactic approach. The purpose of this research is to describe the form of diathesis and the classification and structure of diathesis in Mandailing language. The method used in this research is descriptive method with qualitative research type. The data of this research is the South Tapanuli Mandailing language unit which contains diathesis. The results of the analysis show that there are four types of diathesis in the South Tapanuli Mandailing language, namely active, passive, reflexive, and reciprocal.

Diatesis in Mandailing Language South Tapanuli

This study examines diathesis in the South Tapanuli Mandailing language using a morphosyntactic approach. The purpose of this research is to describe the form of diathesis and the classification and structure of diathesis in Mandailing language. The method used in this research is descriptive method with qualitative research type. The data of this research is the South Tapanuli Mandailing language unit which contains diathesis. The results of the analysis show that there are four types of diathesis in the South Tapanuli Mandailing language, namely active, passive, reflexive, and reciprocal.

Ecolexicone and Morphology in Mandailing Agriculture Community

This study aimed to analyze the ecolexicon and morphology by typology in the community of Mandailing (BM) agriculture. Qualitative methods were used. Data were collected using several stages such as interviews, self-examination, documenting and note-taking. The study was carried out in areas where income was dominated by farming, precisely in South Tapanuli Regency. The results showed that the biotic environment in the lexicon was 36 or around 70.5%, and the abiotic environment was 15 or around 29.5%. The typology of words was dominated by nominal (39), verbs (7), and adjectives (2). Based on the exposure to ecolexicon forms and typologies found in the Mandailing language, several conclusions can be drawn: the lexicon found in BM has affixations such as prefixes (si-); there are other prefixes (ma-, mam-, mar-, mang-); and the suffix form (-on) is often used to express farming activities, when associated with nouns, which is an activity that is carried out to indicate the type of rice and banana. The main reason for the loss of the lexicon is that many traditional activities have been replaced by modern means.
 Keywords: Ecolinguistic, Mandailing, Community Agriculture

Noun Phrase in Mandailing Language

This paper discusses on the rules of Noun Phrase (NP) in Mandailing language. The objectives are firstly to structurally examine the phrase structure rules (PSR) of NP in Mandailing language and to investigate the constituents of each rules in NP. The method is descriptive qualitative with a case study. The data taken from the native speakers of Mandailing language through interviewing. The data are the utterances of Mandailing language in daily conversation. The analysis is based on the use of X-Bar theory, to see how NPs in Mandailing language are hierarchically governed and presented in tree diagram. Thus, the findings showed that there are five major rules of NP in Mandailing language, (a) single noun as headword, (b) pre-modifier preceedes head noun, (c) post-modifiers follows head noun, (d) head noun between pre-modifier and post-modifier, and (e) complex NP with coordinative conjunction. Also, there is found particle na to relate NP with the complement such as AP. To summarize, Mandailing language has similar patterns of word order with Indonesia language. Overall, this research gives contribution to provide a deep understanding in studying morphosyntactic in linguistics especially phrase structures beyond the effort on exploring and revitalizing a regional language in Indonesia.

Struktur Semantis Verba Psikologi Bahasa Mandailing

This study describes the semantic structure of BM's mental predicate in the verb subcategory as the subject of experience and the verb as object of experience. As for the background of this writing, remember that the mental predicate or psychological verb includes a verb that has a very complicated semantic component mapping and requires the right strategy to avoid mistakes in limiting the meaning of the lexical items being analyzed. This study used descriptive qualitative method. Research data in the form of mental verbs sourced from Mandailing Language (BM). Then the data are analyzed using prefreshation techniques to identify lexical items that intuitively include mental predicate. The results showed that the mean of cognition verbs ‘malamun’ and ‘mangangankon’ was formed from THINKING the polishemic TELLING and THINKING the polishemic HAPPENING, the meaning of knowledge verb ‘mamboto’ and ‘ingot’ was formed from KNOWING the polishemic TELLING, the meaning emotion verb ‘mabiar’ an ‘manyolop’ was formed from FEELING polishemic THINKING, the meaning of perception verb ‘manyirik’ and ‘manatap’ was formed from SEEING the polishemis FEELING, SEEING the polishemic TELLING

HOMONYM IN MANDAILING LANGUAGE

As a symbol of identity, pride, and support the development of Bahasa Indonesian, the study of the local language is required. One of them is Mandailing language, a local language with the majority of speakers in the area of Mandailing Natal Regency, Indonesia. This research deals with (1) what is the homonymy form in Mandailing language? (2) how is homonymy relation in Mandailing language. The objectives of this research are: (1) to explain homonymy forms in Mandailing language; (2) to describe homonymy relations in the Mandailing language. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The data is oral data through key informants. Based on the analysis and discussion of data, it is known that (1) homonymy form in Mandailing language includes single form (free morpheme) and complex form (complex morpheme), (2) homonymy relations in Mandailing language include relations in two meanings and relations in three meanings.

The Shift of Addressing Terms of Mandailingnese Society in Panyabungan

This study deals with the shift of addressing term of Mandailingnese society in Panyabungan. It employs qualitative research design with a case study. This study aims to describe: (1) the types of shift occur in the use of addressing terms by Mandailingnese speaker in Panyabungan, (2) the pattern of the shift of addressing term and (3) Reasons of Mandailingnese shift the addressing term in Panyabungan. The subjects were 20 respondent from second generation of parents group. The instruments used in this study were questionnaire and interview. The data was analyzed by Miles and Hubermans’ data analysis. There are fourteen respondent (70%) shif completely the addressing term in core family, two respondent (10%) shift partly the addressing term and four respondent (20%) maintain the addressing term. The shift of ddressing terms cover three types; ten respondents (50%) do not participate actively in the life of minority language, three respondents (15%) are not fluent in Mandailing language and seven respondents (35%) those are influenced by their parents to shift the addressing term. There are five patterns of the shift of addressing terms and three reasons why Mandailingnese society shift the addressing term; status of Indonesian language, social success and family tradition.
 Keyword : shift, addressing term, mandailingnese society

Variety of Indonesian Dialect in Percut Sei Tuan District of North Sumatera- Indonesia

A dialect can effect how a word prounounced diffferently. This study aimed to see how local languages affect Indonesian dialects among people who are still actively using their local languages such as Javanese language, Batak mandailing language, Batak Toba language and Malay. They live in Percut Sei Tuan District of North Sumatra. The research used Qualitative approach. The Informants of the research were taken based on the research data needed. The informants were given a list of 200 vocabularies to be pronounced taken from theory of Swadesh. it was obtained with various dialects in pronouncing indonesian words, there are 161 vocabularies that pronounced diffenerently by the informants but it was still able to understand. The local languages have effects on pronouncing Indonesian word. The diffenrent pronounciation was categorized as subdialect difference. it was at the level of 37,5 (31% - 50% = considered subdialect difference).