Design Process Management Research Articles

An underground, wireless, open-source, low-cost system for monitoring oxygen, temperature, and soil moisture

Abstract. The use of wireless sensor networks to measure soil parameters eliminates the need to remove sensors for field operations, such as tillage, thus allowing long-term measurements without multiple disturbances to soil structure. Wireless sensors also reduce above-ground cables and the risk of undesired equipment damage and potential data loss. However, implementing wireless sensor networks in field studies usually requires advanced and costly engineering knowledge. This study presents a new underground, wireless, open-source, low-cost system for monitoring soil oxygen, temperature, and soil moisture. The process of system design, assembly, programming, deployment, and power management is presented. The system can be left underground for several years without the need to change the battery. Emphasis was given on modularity so that it can be easily duplicated or changed if needed and deployed without previous engineering knowledge. Data from this type of system have a wide range of applications, including precision agriculture and high-resolution modelling.

MMI in design process Findings and improvement opportunities from a case study

Norwegian contractors are more involved in design management than before due to an increased number of design build contracts, and they continuously improve their design management processes. In 2018, the Norwegian Consulting Engineers’ Association launched the Model Maturity Index (MMI) for BIM to support planning and control of design management. This study assesses how MMI, project sectioning, delivery lists, scheduling and follow-up procedures can improve design management processes.After an initial literature review, qualitative data from a case was collected by semi-structured interviews with the design manager and six designers. Observations in sixteen design meetings and a document study were used to supplement the data from the interviews. The case study revealed that MMI was used to control achieved maturity for each discipline BIM model rather than for design planning. Geographical zones and discipline models – not technical systems – were used to create an overview of necessary design tasks, and the zones gave a structure for design meetings. It was neither created delivery lists for the individual disciplines, nor schedules with delivery milestones – despite recommendations in literature. As a result, the case project strived with planning the maturity level for the involved disciplines’ BIM and follow-up on the design process. Recommendations on how the MMI-framework should be used in future projects are identified. For example, some improvements of coordination between MMI300 and MMI350 are suggested. Future projects should explicitly consider both geographical zones, technical systems and discipline models when creating MMI plans. Future projects should also support MMI plans with delivery lists containing tasks and milestones for each maturity level for each discipline model. Finally, the design manager should re-plan MMI-related tasks and milestones not reached in a Plan-Do-Check-Act related manner during design.

Knowledge Management Model for Construction Design Consulting Companies

An optimum design is critical for improving a construction project efficiency in its implementation phase. However, it is observed in Vietnam that in many construction projects, the design optimization process has not attracted reasonable attention; this process is often carried out in a perfunctory manner without a systematic approach, then the projects’ designs are often not optimized, leading to a reduction in their performance efficiency. This study presents a knowledge-based approach with knowledge management model developed to aid in the management of a construction project's design process, based on the intelligent use of accessible corporate data and experience knowledge. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in three construction consulting companies with the goal of learning how the selected design solution process was executed in practice and gaining necessary knowledge for system identification and design of the suggested model. A Construction Design Knowledge Model was created, operated, and validated with consultancy construction experts. The developed Construction Design Knowledge Model was deemed an advanced tool for building design selection as a result of its ability to assist consulting firms in creating corporate information, making decision-making in a less subjective manner, and lowering reliance on personal knowledge. The system's indicated advantages helped to increase construction design performance.

Research on BIM-based Architecture Structure Design Process Management

Research on BIM-based Architecture Structure Design Process Management

Human Versus Artificial Intelligence: A Data-Driven Approach to Real-Time Process Management During Complex Engineering Design

Abstract Managing the design process of teams has been shown to considerably improve problem-solving behaviors and resulting final outcomes. Automating this activity presents significant opportunities in delivering interventions that dynamically adapt to the state of a team in order to reap the most impact. In this work, an artificial intelligence (AI) agent is created to manage the design process of engineering teams in real time, tracking features of teams’ actions and communications during a complex design and path-planning task in multidisciplinary teams. Teams are also placed under the guidance of human process managers for comparison. Regarding outcomes, teams perform equally as well under both types of management, with trends toward even superior performance from the AI-managed teams. The managers’ intervention strategies and team perceptions of those strategies are also explored, illuminating some intriguing similarities. Both the AI and human process managers focus largely on communication-based interventions, though differences start to emerge in the distribution of interventions across team roles. Furthermore, team members perceive the interventions from both the AI and human manager as equally relevant and helpful, and believe the AI agent to be just as sensitive to the needs of the team. Thus, the overall results show that the AI manager agent introduced in this work is able to match the capabilities of humans, showing potential in automating the management of a complex design process.

EXPANDING DEPTH AND MEANING WITHIN URBAN DESIGN PROCESSES THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF COMPLEXITY AND EVOLUTIONARY THEORIES

Previous research has established the value of regarding cities as complex systems, and as systems which will evolve over time. The research reported in this paper concerns the development of an approach to urban design and management which recognises the complexities of change resulting from design-led urban interventions. The research commenced with a study of urban design and urban management processes, and the manner in which they have been studied in an academic context. The system aims to guide the processes of urban design so that it can be implemented within a cyclical process of evaluation and application. The system aids communication across design teams and improves clarity within the design process for the designers themselves. The specific system also aspires to interconnect theory with practice, while supporting designers to be inclusive and holistic. The paper describes a case study where the framework was applied within an academic setting, related to real urban environments in Singapore. It validates the model’s ability to guide students through the design process, give depth to their analysis of urban systems and meaning to their designs. Action research was implemented, to reflect the need for a “practice-changing practice” methodology, that supports a greater understanding of the relationship between theory and practice.

The Cost on System Performance of Requirements on Differentiable Variables

Abstract System design is commonly thought of as a process of maximizing a design objective subject to constraints, among which are the system requirements. Given system-level requirements, a convenient management approach is to disaggregate the system into subsystems and to “flowdown” the system-level requirements to the subsystem or lower levels. We note, however, that requirements truly are constraints, and they typically impose a penalty on system performance. Furthermore, disaggregation of the system-level requirements into the flowdown requirements creates added sets of constraints, all of which have the potential to impose further penalties on overall system performance. This is a highly undesirable effect of an otherwise beneficial system design management process. This article derives conditions that may be imposed on the flowdown requirements to assure that they do not penalize overall system performance beyond the system-level requirement.

Automation and Management of Design Process of the Main Drive for an Innovative Fruits and Vegetables Washer

A new technique is described, used by the authors to automate the design process of the main drive of a new generation machine intended for industrial washing of fruits and vegetables. To solve the problem of multi-criteria design, the original approach is proposed that uses interconnected mathematical models describing the dynamic behavior, strength reliability and functional characteristics of the machine in a unified information space. The generalized mathematical model includes 12 controlled parameters, 16 functional constraints, and 3 quality criteria. A genetic algorithm was used to find the space of Pareto-optimal solutions. The situational approach was used to select the final rational solution from a set of solutions belonging to the Pareto-optimal domain. The rational design of option the washer found using the proposed approach is compared with the existing ones. The proposed design methodology can be recommended for the design of a wide range of similar mechanical structures.

Design Management and the SME Product Development Process: A Bibliometric Analysis and Review

Academic interest in design management has grown exponentially over the past several decades. Design management in the context of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) is particularly important and challenging. These economically influential organizations generally fail to benefit from good design practices. This study is part of a broader investigation seeking to improve and optimize the process of design integration and management inside SMEs with little or no prior experience in design and who collaborate with external designers. Here we present a bibliometric analysis methodology and review of the main contributions to the literature in the SME design management. Our findings contribute to the analysis of the evolution and quality of research in the field of SME design management and can support future methodological research.

Research on Transmission and Transformation Engineering Cost System Based on BIM 3D Modelling Technology

Taking the concept of service-oriented design as the concept, the paper designs the digital platform architecture based on the integrated application ideas and technical methods of the IFC standard and the three-dimensional geospatial engineering cost information platform, and builds a 3DGIS+BIM digital power engineering cost based on the B/S network architecture. information platform. Combined with the application value of BIM technology in the field of engineering cost, the applicability of BIM technology in the management of transmission and transformation engineering cost is first analysed; then the BIM technology is studied layer by layer from the aspects of graphical calculation, three-dimensional design and full process management Promoting strategies for application of engineering cost management; Finally, from the perspective of policy guidance, industry standards, BIM platform construction, and training of BIM talents, the application guarantee mechanism of BIM technology in transmission and transformation project cost management is proposed, with a view to BIM technology in transmission and transformation projects Provide reference for application promotion in cost management.

ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC SUPPORT OF STRATEGIC MARKETING MANAGEMENT FOR THE CORPORATE ENTERPRISES' ASSOCIATIONS OF SUSTAINABLE INTEGRATION AND COOPERATION DEVELOPMENT

Introduction. Modern economic systems have to be considered based on an integrated approach. Only this will ensure the coherence of different subject areas within a single problem area. The corporate integration marketing management has been chosen as the article's main problem area. According to the author's hypothesis, integration and cooperation could lead to the enterprises corporate association of consolidated potential growth. In turn, marketing optimizes such potential usage, taking into account compliance with a given stability level. The purpose of the scientific paper is to provide the theoretical and methodological framework for designing the strategic marketing management system for the corporate enterprises’ association integration and cooperation development. This system should be focused on ensuring the corporate association operation stability and optimizing its potential usage. Results. The research is based on the ontological modeling methods application. The set of classes and their instances have been determined as part of the ontological model developing for the subject area's strategic marketing management. These areas have included all main elements of corporate enterprises associations sustainable integration and cooperation development. The ontological model classes have been presented as areas for directing the strategic marketing management design process. The ontological model representation in the graph form has allowed to form the enterprises' corporate association's strategic behavior patterns. Such patterns are aimed at intensifying the integration and cooperation of enterprises. It has been proposed that the development of such patterns should be based on the SPARQL-queries execution to the ontological model subject areas. A set of strategic matrices have been proposed. These matrices determine the features of the marketing management implementation into an integrated corporate enterprises association. Conclusions. The developed recommendations for strategic management reorientation of integration and cooperation development of corporate enterprises associations onto the marketing paradigm allow increasing the level of stability of such an association by harmonizing all stakeholders' interests within the corporate association. Keywords: marketing management, strategy, corporate association, integration, cooperation, interaction network.

Emergency Healthcare Facilities: Managing Design in a Post Covid-19 World

During the COVID-19 pandemic, which has caused an unprecedented health and economic crisis around the globe, several countries, such as China and U.K., developed makeshift hospitals by converting public venues of other intended use (e.g., stadiums, convention centers, exhibition centers, gymnasiums, factories, and warehouses) to medical facilities, aiming to achieve in very little time a substantial upgrade of the health system's capacity. This change management capability is among the fundamental elements of infrastructure futureproofing, i.e., the process of making provision for future developments, needs or events that impact on particular infrastructure through its current planning, design, construction, or asset management processes. This article utilizes the limited available experience from these makeshift hospitals to shed light on the critical design parameters efficiently enabling the infrastructure to adapt to required changes in structure and/or operations. However, futureproofing should not be a standalone component but should be efficiently embedded in asset management practice. For this purpose, this article also proposes an appropriate associated delivery paradigm encompassing value management and building information modeling to allow the asset owners and designers to efficiently incorporate flexibility in their design planning. The structured approach of value management can be used to ensure that the project's characteristics are aligned to the public client's requirements for futureproofing while a BIM-based design management paradigm is particularly appropriate, as it allows for design changes to be shared, visualized, estimated, and resolved without the use of time-consuming paper transactions.

Организация проектной работы младших школьников при ознакомлении с традиционными праздничными угощениями в народной культуре

The author of the article pays special attention to the project method that has great potential for the formation of a certain system of intellectual skills and practical skills in schoolchildren, which contribute to the mastery of the activity component of the education content. It is outlined that the use of the project method in working with elementary schoolchildren implies four stages: organizational and preparatory, technological, generalizing, reflexive. It is also emphasized that the specificity of the implementation of each stage, due to the age characteristics of the schoolchildren, involves leadership in the joint search for the problem and the choice of ways to solve it; ensuring that every child is included in the planning and performance criteria for product development, consistent implementation and adequate evaluation; organization of reflexive work on understanding the process and results of individual and group productive and creative activities at organizational, preparatory, technological and generalizing stages; management of the project product design and evaluation processes. Methods. On the example of the creative project “Traditional festive treats in popular culture”, practical recommendations for organizing the project work of elementary schoolchildren as a mental prediction of what will then be created in the form of a project product, independent planning and time-fixed achievement of the goal are presented. Results. It was concluded that in elementary school age, project activities are a way of pedagogically organized development of the surrounding reality by the child, therefore its success is largely determined by the level of methodological preparation of the teacher.

Mining event logs for knowledge discovery based on adaptive efficient fuzzy Kohonen clustering network

As a digital representation of building projects, Building Information Modeling (BIM) can accumulate large volumes of log data containing hidden knowledge for deep exploration. However, such ever-increasing logs are likely to suffer from high complexity, inaccuracy, and uncertainty, which will inevitably raise challenges in uncovering latent and meaningful patterns. In order to yield satisfactory clustering quality and efficiency for better design process management, a novel clustering-based BIM event log mining approach is put forward in this paper. For one thing, a hybrid clustering algorithm named adaptive efficient fuzzy Kohonen clustering network (AEFKCN) is developed with a modified learning rate to accelerate the convergence. For another, a new clustering validity index (CVI) only relying on boundary points is designed to reduce computational complexity. An experiment is conducted in a 4 GB realistic BIM design event log dataset to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. It begins from extracting a set of features associated with designers’ engagement and efficiency and ends up retrieving inherent insights into the person’s design behavioral patterns. Moreover, the cluster analysis can significantly distinguish the design productivity at different time periods into the high, medium, and low level, which presents a unique opportunity in understanding and assessing design productivity objectively. Practically, our method can support data-driven decision making for managers to strategically schedule personalized work for different designers, aiming to boost design efficiency and smooth the design process.

PROFIT SHARING IN OVERCOMING PROJECT RESULTS AS A STRATEGY TO INCREASE REVENUE FOR CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES

In the construction industry, the exceeding costs and reduced profits have become usual in the ongoing projects, which motivates companies to seek strategies to resolve these problems in order to increase the sponsors satisfaction. This paper examines the interface of design process management, risk management as well as cost management as a strategic tool for overcoming the results initially anticipated for infrastructure projects and consequently increase profits for construction companies. This analysis has been developed through literature review and case studies, in which fourteen project managers from six infrastructure projects of a Brazilian civil construction company were interviewed. The results demonstrate that: (1) the design process management reduces risks, deadlines and execution costs; (2) the identification and control of risks reduces project and execution uncertainties; (3) the cost management adequate to the stakeholders profile reduces the loss of results; and (4) the share of profits from overcoming results encourages active collaboration from employees in the conduction of management processes. The research also revealed that items (1), (2), (3) and (4) relate in a cyclical way, in which item (4) propels the other items, and the increase in profits feedback into the process.

Complex network to enhance characterization analysis in modelling product development process

Nowadays, successful and innovative product development is highly correlated with the company's success and reason for existence. A development process is a major factor influencing cost, timing and quality of product development. It requires additional attention to decisions made about programme, budget, technical and market risks. In this paper a product development process model is proposed in an innovation context and strategy framework of design process and project management. The process modelling is complex network theory based, to improve characterization analysis for product development process modelling. Required concepts for complex process are established to build product development mathematical model, and provide an overview of key definitions and complex networks advanced tools. Finally, a case study for an Algerian electric generator company is carried out to prove the practicality of the proposed model.

Application of System Engineering Methods in Management of Locomotive Design Processes

In the presented article designing of a product is offered to consider as set of typical processes. Examples of processes occurring in the organization for possible optimization of resource costs and ensuring rhythmicity are given. The information environment of the product developer as the main participant of typical processes is described, and the approach on effective change of the developed in the organization of processes is offered. The key importance is given to the processes of forming the task for the development of the product and the subsequent analysis of the dynamics of change in the target indicators at each iteration of improving the standard processes.
 Keywords: product, process, design, stakeholder, developer, knowledge, stag, rhythmicity.

Unique Aspects of Flexible Pavement Design and Asset Management for P3 Design-Build-Finance-Operate Projects

With increasing frequency, roadway corridor development and improvement projects are being procured through Design-Build-Finance-Operate (DBFO) Public Private Partnerships (P3s). In these procurement environments the nature of the pavement design and engineering requirements change in several significant ways compared with the traditional Design-Bid-Build (DBB) in that the consequence of poor pavement performance (risk) in most aspects is transferred from the owner to the DBFO partners: designer, constructor and operator/concessionaire. A performance-based design approach is required which is founded on the principle that the design and construction of an asset is completed to achieve a set of prescribed performance results. This paper discusses the design and pavement management process for DBFO P3 flexible pavements and presents a case study of a project highlighting a particularly complex distribution-based roadway condition performance specification.

Effect of Leadership Style of the Head of the Community Health Center and Other Determinants on the Health Personnel Performance in Boyolali, Central Java

Background: Leadership in health services is needed to utilize resources efficiently, design management processes, and encourage health workers to work towards achieving common goals. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of leadership style of the head of community health center and other determinants on the performance of health personnel. Subject s and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a cross sectional design. The study was conducted in Boyolali, Central Java, from June to July 2019. A sample of 206 health personnel from 22 community health centers was selected for this study. The dependent variable was the performance of health personnel. The independent variables were perceived transforma­tional leadership, perceived income, type of community health center, accre­ditation status, educa­tion level, tenure, training, community health center, and employee status. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multilevel multiple linear regression run on Stata 13. Results: Health personnel performance increased with transformational leadership style (b= 2.23; 95% CI= 0.94 to 3.52; p <0.001), type of health workers (b= 1.80; 95% CI= 0.10 to 3.49; p = 0.037), and accreditation status (b= 3.01; 95% CI= 0.58 to 5.44; p= 0.015). Health personnel performance increased with education ≥Diploma III (b= 0.55; 95% CI= -1.46 to 2.56; p= 0.592), tenure ≥3 years (b= 0.05; 95% CI= -1.49 to 1.59; p = 0.947), adequate income (b= 1.16; 95% CI= -0.10 to 2.42; p= 0.072), and had attended training (b= 0.67; 95% CI= -0.68 to 2.03; p= 0.329), but they were statistically non-significant. Health personnel performance decreased with the status of civil servant (b= -1.32; 95% CI= -3.82 to 1.16; p= 0.298) and treatment status of community health center with hospitalization (b= -2.97; 95% CI = -5.03 to -0.91; p = 0.005). Conclusion: Health personnel performance increases with transformational leadership style, type of health workers, accreditation status, educa­tion ≥Diploma III, tenure ≥3 years, adequate income, and had attended training. Health personnel performance decreases with the status of civil servant and treatment status of community health center with hospitalization. Keywords: transformational leadership style, health personnel, performance. Correspondence: David Marwandi. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: david.marwandi88@gmail.com. Mobile: +6281348789393 Journal of Health Policy and Management (2020), 5(1): 74-84 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpm.2020.05.01.07

ORGANIZATIONAL OPTIMIZATION THROUGH THE DOUBLE DIAMOND - APPLYING INTERDISCIPLINARITY

Goal: This article reports a project carried out by the company Respondit that had as its main objective the optimization of the organizational processes of the law firm BastosJuris. As a research question, we highlight: “Will the communion between Design Thinking, Lean Thinking and Process Management generate good project results?”.&#x0D; Design / Methodology / Approach: The methodology used was composed by Design Thinking, Process Engineering and Lean. The engagement with employees through prototyping and co-creation, focusing on productivity improvement and error elimination, seeking process optimization and implementation of a management model through continuous improvement, illustrates only one of the possible trajectories arising from mixed methodologies. In this case, "orchestrated" by the double diamond.&#x0D; Results: The project described had an ROI of 815% during its execution and fostered several new initiatives for those involved.&#x0D; Limitations of the investigation: As there is no similar research in the literature to compare with, it is not possible to induce success based in other initiatives.&#x0D; Practical implications: The research shows practical results of the effectiveness of the methodology used in the interdisciplinary context. We seek to promote and encourage the development of similar new researches that take interdisciplinarity as a guide for organizational success.&#x0D; Originality / Value: With regard to the academic contributions, the present study carried out the empirically and holistically variables linked to sustainable management practices, innovation, strategy and their consequent elements, in convergence with the research agenda of the management field, which focuses on results for individuals (employees) and organizations.