Management Of Public Spaces Research Articles

Attitudes Towards Unhoused Park Users and Preferences for Public Space Management: Applying the Potential for Conflict Index2 Approach

While parks and other public spaces are important to people experiencing homelessness for many reasons, there is a relative lack of research focused on their equitable management for this vulnerable user group. We contextualize our work in this gap, through the application of the Potential for Conflict Index2 (PCI2) approach. Using community survey data, we sought to understand perceived acceptability of various responses to scenarios involving unhoused park users among members of the housed public. Results indicate that respondents largely view people experiencing homelessness as legitimate park users, support their right to use parks in a variety of ways that align with norms of acceptable behavior in public spaces, and favor a variety of responses specific to the scenario at hand. Potential for conflict was greatest with overnight occupation and daytime sleeping, where those with positive and negative attitudes toward people experiencing homelessness held different priorities and endorsed different responses.

Drivers of behavior in two tick species, Amblyomma americanum and Amblyomma maculatum (Acari: Ixodidae), in a laboratory setting.

Ticks and tick-borne diseases are of increasing concern in the United States, and understanding tick behavior could be crucial to limiting the exposure of humans and other animals to ticks. Here, we wanted to understand the drivers of questing and burrowing in Amblyomma americanum and A. maculatum. We used a factorial design to assess the effects of substrate (sand, soil, and rock), temperature (16° and 22° C), tick species (A. maculatum and A. americanum), and competition (homogenous or heterogenous mixture of ticks in the arena) on tick behavior in laboratory arenas. Questing varied significantly between tick species, with 61% of A. americanum questing compared to 35% of A. maculatum. Substrate similarly affected questing, with most ticks questing in the arenas with sand (83%) compared to arenas with rock (35%) or soil (25%). Burrowing behavior was also influenced by substrate; every tick in the arenas with rock (100%) and nearly all in the arenas with soil (98%) exhibited burrowing, whereas only 10% burrowed in sand. A. americanum traveled longer distances than A. maculatum (23 ± 2.8 cm vs 9.7 ± 2.3 cm). The disparity in laboratory behavior between sand and rock/soil substrates might warrant further consideration in a field setting, as understanding factors that inhibit host-seeking behaviors of ticks can inform management of public spaces and potentially help mitigate tick-exposure.

Smart Street Furniture: User and Non-User Perspectives of the ChillOUT Hub

This article addresses gaps in knowledge about whether or not smart street furniture could enhance the relationship between people and place, and whether it improves the design, amenity and management of public open space. An Australian design team, comprising a local council, a street furniture manufacturer, and academics, designed, built, piloted, and assessed a new piece of smart street furniture called a ‘ChillOUT Hub’. This Hub is an integrated street furniture system, designed for public open spaces. It is enabled with ‘smart’ technology features such as Wi-Fi, mobile device charging stations, plus infrastructure usage and environmental sensors. The Hub aims to support social health, improve microclimatic conditions, and provide equitable access to technology. Street survey processes were undertaken with both ‘users’ and ‘non-users’ of the Hubs. The findings help to identify what value digitally enhanced street furniture actually has in open space and how that value is perceived by the public. The Council and Hub users overwhelmingly appreciated the newly designed street furniture and its smart amenities. Non-users clarified why they did not use smart street furniture and discussed the option of having digital amenities in public spaces more generally.

A Comparative Study of Swin Transformer and CNN Models for Crowd Counting

Abstract. Crowd counting, a critical component in the management and safety planning of large gatherings and public spaces, is essential for ensuring smooth event operations and preventing potential overcrowding issues. While the standard convolutional neural network (CNN) based model performs well in head counting tasks, it has certain drawbacks when applied to complex scenarios. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, Transformer models that rely on self-attention mechanisms, as Swin Transformer, have demonstrated exceptional performance in visual tasks, such as image classification, and segmentation in recent times. This study examines the experimental findings of Swin Transformer's head counting tasks and contrasts them with the CNN-based model. Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Square Error (MSE) evaluation indicators show that the Transformer model outperforms the classic CNN model in terms of generalization abilities when dealing with complicated scenarios. Future research work will increase the diversity of data sets and focus on optimizing model structure and improving training efficiency.

Research trends related to road innovation in civil construction of public spaces

Road innovation is transforming civil construction by introducing technologies and approaches that improve the efficiency, safety and sustainability of transportation infrastructure. These traffic management systems and real-time monitoring sensors optimize vehicular flow and minimize congestion. The objective of the research is to analyze research trends related to road innovation in civil construction of public spaces. The research approach is mixed, combining qualitative and quantitative methods. A descriptive and retrospective bibliometric analysis was carried out, which was complemented with a documentary review, developed in the Google academic database, Scielo and SCOPUS. The behavior of the researches was decreasing, characterized by a polynomial function with a maximum peak in 2020 of 27 researches. Research in environmental sciences in China predominated. Three lines of scientific research and their main thematic nuclei were identified and explored as key categories and systematized in order to recognize the trends of road innovation in the civil construction of public spaces. The main results were introduced in China with analysis of impacts on the population, use of geographic information systems, environmental pollution studies, among others. Despite international efforts to develop sustainable strategies for the construction and management of public spaces, there are still significant challenges to be addressed to ensure innovation and sustainability in this area.

The Role of Local Government in the Process of the Brownfield Regeneration – Case Study of Košice , Slovakia

Many enterprises were created during the process and steps of societal changes related to industrialization. Currently, we are undergoing further development and again changes, during which the established enterprises have been closed, and unused spaces have been left behind. The issue of brownfields is increasingly becoming more and more relevant. It is in everyone’s interest to use the potential of any area at the highest possible level. Brownfields offer several opportunities for overall revitalization using existing buildings. The main aim of this article is to analyze the status and possibilities of revitalizing brownfields in the city of Košice from a local government perspective. It also includes an optimal global model that covers the basic elements of subprocesses necessary for the local government’s revitalization of brownfields. The research results illustrate that identifying these objects generates a wealth of new information useful in understanding the current state of brownfields in Košice. This new knowledge can subsequently contribute to the quality of public administration’s public space management, the redevelopment of urban sites, and the improvement of urban life for everyone.

Quality Evaluation of Public Spaces in Traditional Villages: A Study Using Deep Learning and Panoramic Images

In the context of rapid urbanization, public spaces in traditional villages face challenges such as material ageing, loss of characteristics, and functional decline. The scientific and objective assessment of the quality of these public spaces is crucial for the sustainable development of traditional villages. Panoramic images, as an important source of spatial data, combined with deep learning technology, can objectively quantify the characteristics of public spaces in traditional villages. However, existing research has paid insufficient attention to the evaluation of the quality of public spaces in traditional villages at the micro-scale, often relying on questionnaires and interviews, which makes it difficult to meet the needs of planning and construction. This study constructs an evaluation system for the quality of public spaces in traditional villages, taking national-level traditional villages in the Fangshan District of Beijing as an example, based on traditional field research, using deep learning and panoramic images to automatically extract the features of public spaces in traditional villages, using a combination of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) methods to determine the weights of the indicators and applying the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method to evaluate the quality of public spaces in traditional villages. The study found that the quality of public spaces in Nanjiao Village is Grade I; Shuiyu Village and Liulinshui Village, Grade III; and Heilongguan Village, Grade IV and that there is still much room for improvement in general. The evaluation results match well with the public’s subjective perceptions, with an R2 value of 0.832, proving that the constructed evaluation system has a high degree of accuracy. This study provides a scientific basis and an effective tool for the planning, design, and management of public spaces in traditional villages, which helps decision-makers better protect and utilize them.

Management Strategy for Public Green Open Spaces in Medan City Using SWOT Analysis

Medan City, the third-largest city in Indonesia, faces significant challenges in managing its public green open spaces (RTH) due to high population density, rapid urbanization, and insufficient green space, which falls far short of the 30% mandated by law. This research assesses the management of public green spaces in Medan through a SWOT analysis, revealing internal strengths such as a Regional Spatial Plan and government commitment, alongside weaknesses like suboptimal management, lack of coordination between agencies, and inadequate regulations. External factors, including opportunities from NGO funding and potential land acquisition, contrast with threats like rapid population growth and misuse of green spaces. Through data collection methods, including focus group discussions, questionnaires, and interviews with key stakeholders, the research identified key areas for improvement in green space management. Strategic recommendations include strengthening policies, increasing public awareness, optimizing cross-sector collaboration, and promoting sustainable urban planning. Additionally, leveraging green spaces for economic growth through multifunctional uses can enhance their value to the community. This study concludes that public green open spaces in Medan City can contribute significantly to sustainable urban development and environmental balance if managed more effectively, with better coordination, stronger regulations, and resource allocation. The findings aim to provide valuable insights for urban planners and policy makers in achieving urban sustainability goals.

Sustainable Strategies Adaptation in Urban Public Spaces of New Cairo Agglomerations

Abstract Sustainable strategies for urban space management induce the effects of quality of life in new cities. The main aspects that define sustainability in public spaces include the notion of efficiency for services and facilities provided in various sectors that affect people’s well-being and social behavior. Nevertheless, Egyptian Cities encounter challenges faced by the continuous urban sprawl that induces specific needs such as connectivity and management of public spaces, taking into consideration the importance of human scale and adaptive solutions on the level of Streetscape. The research fills the gap between users’ experience in public spaces and the missed opportunities in the extended urbanized context of urban development in the new Cairo residential districts. The methodology adopted consists firstly of an explicit literature review related to existing models assessing public behavior in urban spaces; secondly, a consistent empirical study for opportunities provided in an actual case study represented in the residual public space, and lastly by demonstrating public responsiveness using a structured interview to describe the way they interact in social and the public realm within the context of “the Park View” project. The research represents an explicit review of the actual streetscape impact on human social behavior. The conclusion incorporates highlights on the importance of defining a specific tool to assess public behavior in relation to provided configurations of existing public spaces to enable enhancement of inclusive experience of public spaces as an emergent reality to the notion of Urban Sprawl, within the context of New Cairo agglomerations.

Enhancing Space Management through Digital Twin: A Case Study of the Lazio Region Headquarters

Digital Twin is becoming an increasingly powerful resource in the field of building production, replacing traditional processes in the Architecture, Engineering, Construction and Operations sector. This study is concerned with the development of a DT, enabled by Building Information Modeling, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and the Internet of Things to implement space management strategies. It proposes an application case for the Lazio Region headquarters, which has partly adopted smart working typology post-COVID-19. The aim is to create an accurate digital replica of the building based on BIM, integrated with real-time data. This will help to improve the use of space, the management of resources, and the quality of services provided to the community. It also improves energy efficiency, reducing consumption by 530.40 MWh per year and reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 641.32 tons of CO2 per year. The research proposes a holistic framework for the implementation of innovative solutions in the context of public infrastructure space management through the use of digital technology, facilitating the promotion of efficiency and sustainability in decision-making and operational processes through the application of a digital methodology.

ME+YOU=MET: ACTIVATION OF THE COFFEE SHOP PUBLIC SPACE INTO A THEATER PERFORMING ARTS SPACE WITH AN ENVIRONMENTAL THEATER AND POST DRAMATIC APPROACH

This research examines the transformation of a public coffee shop space into a theater performing arts space by applying environmental theater and post-dramatic theater approaches. Public spaces, especially coffee shops, have great potential as alternative spaces for theatrical performances, given their informal characteristics and ability to attract various levels of society. The environmental theater approach emphasizes interaction between audience and actors as well as non-conventional use of space, thereby blurring the boundaries between stage space and audience space. Meanwhile, post-dramatic theater, which emerged as a response to traditional theater structures, prioritizes elements such as visuals, sound, and movement over linear narrative. The performance Aku+Kamu=Bertemu moves the perspective form of the arena stage and proscenium to the public space, by reading the issues in the public space. The conclusion from the Aku+Kamu=Bertemu performance is that integrating public spaces such as coffee shops into theater performing arts practices can revive the local culture and create a space for dynamic social interaction. This study also offers practical guidance for theater practitioners and coffee shop owners in designing and executing performances that take full advantage of the potential of these public spaces. Thus, this thesis contributes to the development of new strategies in the performing arts and public space management.

Assaults in public places: interesting numbers from a North American university city

PurposeA growing literature emphasizes violence occurring in public places. Yet, police seldom report such violence separately from violent incidents occurring elsewhere. This paper aims to distinguish assaults that occur in public vs private, outdoors vs indoors and in homes vs the night-time economy.Design/methodology/approachThe authors reorganize police data to classify 1,062 assault locations for Boulder, Colorado, USA, 2020–2021, providing basic descriptive statistics that are seldom calculated or published.FindingsIn this city, almost two-thirds of police-recorded assaults occur away from home, often within night-time economy zones. Almost half of police-recorded assaults occur outdoors.Research limitations/implicationsPublic assaults are probably under-reported and under-recorded in police data. The share of assaults occurring in public is likely to vary greatly among cities, along with reporting practices.Practical implicationsPublic assaults can create special problems for police and social services. Poor management of public space can contribute to such violence. Alcohol policy and enforcement in public places is especially relevant to public assaults. Poor urban design might explain some of the problem.Social implicationsPublic assaults are seen by many people and may do extra harm to children and even adults.Originality/valuePolice reports and academic work based on them seldom distinguish public from private assaults and seldom enumerate outdoor assaults in comparison to those indoors. In addition, statistics estimating violence in the night-time economy might not compare risks to other settings.

Evaluating a Decade of Landscape Resolutions in Poland: Progress, Challenges, and Effectiveness in Public Space Management

Evaluating a Decade of Landscape Resolutions in Poland: Progress, Challenges, and Effectiveness in Public Space Management

Model Analysis Principles for the Design of Public Spaces in Bistrița-Târgu Mureș Urban Axis

Model Analysis Principles for the Design of Public Spaces in the Bistrița-Târgu Mureș Urban Axis. The physical urban terrain across cities continually evolves through insights, consultations, deliberate redesigning or random acts by community members and natural forces that reshape the urban landscapes and how urban spaces are used. This research establishes a set of normative principles that planners and others can use when planning and regulating the design and management of public space. Data were collected in the period March 2023 – January 2024. Based on a comprehensive analysis of public space in the city, the paper sets out a number of general principles relating to the essential, but often missing, strategic planning framework for developing and regenerating public spaces, providing seven more detailed considerations for assessing the quality of public space design and a proposal for spatial planning. This is an unreservedly positive framework for shaping public space, based on the idea that public spaces in our cities come in many different shapes and forms, but that together they add immense value to the experience and potential of urban areas. The research takes place in the Bistrița-Târgu Mureș urban axis, the field research carried out as part of the study results in a set of three principles of urban spatial planning that examine proposals for the design of public spaces. Keywords: public space, design principles, planning, Bistrița-Târgu Mureș urban axis

ParkLIV – engaging non-users in green space management

ABSTRACT Everyone has the right to feel welcome, safe and be able to access public green spaces without fear, anxiety or stress. However, the term “accessibility” is primarily used in relation to physical accessibility, while social and cultural dimensions of accessibility to urban public green spaces remains underexplored. Methods and tools for universal design and management that also meets the needs of marginalised groups, are needed. This requires involvement of both users and potential users through participatory methods, building on individual needs and perspectives. In Sweden, traditionally marginalised groups and non-users are rarely engaged in the development of public urban green spaces. Local governments may have the will, but lack resources and appropriate methods in order to do so. Research has recently described a further engagement of users as an unleashed potential in relation to planning and management of urban green spaces. Based on the study of three test beds and the use of public green space governance and management theory, we developed a process model for user participation in green space maintenance with focus on involving marginalised groups and non-users. The model balances what is theoretical optimal with what is practically feasible within the daily work of a municipal organisation. We present an empirically tested process model that can form the basis for future maintenance of urban green spaces, with the use of limited resources.

Building equity into public park and recreation service investment: A review of public agency approaches

Building equity into public park and recreation service investment: A review of public agency approaches

Coupling an agent-based model and an ensemble Kalman filter for real-time crowd modelling.

Agent-based modelling has emerged as a powerful tool for modelling systems that are driven by discrete, heterogeneous individuals and has proven particularly popular in the realm of pedestrian simulation. However, real-time agent-based simulations face the challenge that they will diverge from the real system over time. This paper addresses this challenge by integrating the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) with an agent-based crowd model to enhance its accuracy in real time. Using the example of Grand Central Station in New York, we demonstrate how our approach can update the state of an agent-based model in real time, aligning it with the evolution of the actual system. The findings reveal that the EnKF can substantially improve the accuracy of agent-based pedestrian simulations by assimilating data as they evolve. This approach not only offers efficiency advantages over existing methods but also presents a more realistic representation of a complex environment than most previous attempts. The potential applications of this method span the management of public spaces under 'normality' to exceptional circumstances such as disaster response, marking a significant advancement for real-time agent-based modelling applications.

Exploring Public Space Satisfaction in Old Residential Areas Based on Impact-Asymmetry Analysis

The renovation of public space environments in old residential areas has become the focal point in Chinese urban renewal and promotion of urban sustainable development; thus, an urgent need for research expansion is attached to identifying the environmental factors of public space and their impacts from the perspective of residents’ needs and satisfaction. Taking Hefei, China, as an example, and based on a satisfaction survey of the public space environment in old residential areas, this study discerned critical factors affecting public space satisfaction through gradient-boosting decision trees and impact-asymmetry analysis methods, after which the asymmetric relationship between public space environment factors and resident satisfaction was tested and the priority and goal of public space environment renovation were obtained. The results indicate that the following: (1) Compared with physical environment factors, current social environment factors, including uncivilized behavior, space occupation, and hygiene and cleanliness, exert a greater impact on the overall satisfaction. (2) The hypothesis that there exists a general nonlinear relationship between environmental factors and satisfaction is verified, with all social environment factors proving to be nonlinear and physical environment factors being highly related to social environment creation, such as nursing space for the old and young, reading and learning space, and display and communication space. (3) A priority hierarchy for the improvement of environmental factors should be established, which basically conforms to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory. The role of social environment renovation should be highlighted, along with the necessity to bolster community governance and public space management. At the level of the physical environment, more space should be available for the activities of residents, display and communication, and reading and learning. This study can provide a corresponding theoretical basis and planning inspiration for meeting the multiple needs of residents for public space, improving life happiness, and promoting the sustainable development of cities in the renovation of public space environments in old residential areas.

Moderasi Beragama : Analisis Kebijakan dan Strategi Penguatan di Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia

Religious moderation is currently a very interesting discussion, not only among academics but also among the public. The emergence of the phenomenon of intolerance and radicalism certainly becomes asbabun nuzul from moderation so the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia feels the need to make religious moderation a policy focus. This paper aims to reveal policy analysis and strategies for strengthening religious moderation in the context of education in Indonesia. The research method used is qualitative with the type of library research using the note-taking technique. The results of this study indicate that the policy of strengthening religious moderation is contained in the 2020-2024 RPJMN which promotes strengthening religious moderation through 5 (five) strategies to strengthen religious moderation including; religious broadcasting, education system, management of houses of worship, management of public spaces, and Islamic boarding schools. However, the focus and findings in this study lead to the implementation of the education system in Islamic Higher Education, in which houses of religious moderation are formed at State Islamic Universities in Indonesia.

An experimental study of pedestrian bidirectional flow through bottlenecks

Pedestrian flow passing through bottlenecks is complex, particularly for opposite movement in a room with a single doorway. These bidirectional flows would always cause congestion and further reduce traffic efficiency so the ‘Disembarking precedes embarking’ rule is widely used in the actual management of public spaces. However, the impact of the imbalance of the bidirectional movement of pedestrian numbers on the pedestrian capacity and throughput at the bottleneck still needs further exploration. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of the ratio r of pedestrians leaving the room to the total number of participants and the bottleneck widths (1.2, 1.6 and 2.0 m) on the movement behavior of pedestrians in bidirectional flow and the efficiency of passing through by conducting controlled experiments where pedestrian trajectories, speed, density, flow and time headway are analyzed. Results indicate that the bottleneck width and the pedestrian flow rate are linearly related, whereas the r and flow have a nonlinear relationship. Specifically, r = 10% is the optimal value for improving the pedestrian traffic efficiency at the bottleneck, which is even better than the unidirectional scenario. The most significant density in the measuring area is at r = 30%, corresponding to the greatest probability of clogging. The pedestrian density within the room influences the flow rate at the bottleneck, thereby indicating that wider doors are not always better from a design perspective. The findings presented in this paper can provide actual data to validate bidirectional pedestrian flow simulation models and theoretical support for pedestrian facility and crowd management optimization.