Management Strategy for Public Green Open Spaces in Medan City Using SWOT Analysis

Based on Spatial Planning Law No. 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning, Article 29 states that the proportion of public green open space is 20% of the city area. In Tebing Tinggi City, based on the 2013-2033 RTRW of Tebing Tinggi City, it is stated that Public RTH covers an area of ​​approximately 72.49 Ha or 1.89% of the city area, which means it is not in accordance with the mandate of Spatial Planning Law No. 26 2007 concerning Spatial Planning. This research was conducted to assess the availability of existing public green open space in Tebing Tinggi City based on image interpretation techniques, spatial distribution, the area of ​​existing public green open space, the service radius of existing public green open space, and the suitability of existing public green open space land. This type of research uses quantitative research and uses spatial analysis techniques. The results identified as many as 60 public green open spaces in Tebing Tinggi City with an accuracy score of 86.36%, which means that the interpretation is considered correct because the spatial distribution pattern of public green open spaces in Tebing Tinggi City is random because the distribution of public green open spaces is not evenly distributed in all sub-districts in Tebing Tinggi City. From the results of the spatial distribution pattern, digitization was then carried out with the result that the total public open space area was 105.27 Ha, which was dominated by the burial area of ​​59.67 Ha or 57.07%. Then, based on each area of ​​green open space obtained, a topological classification of public green open space is carried out, consisting of 7 typologies of green open space, namely City Forest, City Park, District Park, Village Park, RW Park, RT Park, Cemetery and Green Belt, which is then analyzed. Service radius. As a result, it is known that the City of Tebing Tinggi has not been served optimally by public green open space because there is not yet one type of public green open space typology that is capable of serving the city of Tebing Tinggi based on buffer analysis carried out using ArcGis. The only public green open space whose service radius almost covers the city of Tebing Tinggi is the cemetery whose existing existence is capable of serving 99.19 percent of the area of ​​the city of Tebing Tinggi. Finally, a land suitability analysis was carried out between the existing public green open space and the Tebing Tinggi City RTRW for 2013-2033 which resulted in land suitability of 79.92%. Meanwhile, the remaining 20.08% was designated for areas that were not public green open space.

High land requirements have an impact on land conversion. This study aims to calculate the accuracy of the results of mapping public green open space from ASTER and Sentinel-2A imagery, know the changes in green public space, calculate oxygen demand and the needs of green space in 2004 and 2019. The types of green open spaces that are interpreted visually include urban forests, river borders, cemeteries, fields, and city park. Oxygen demand is calculated by the gerrarkis method including livestock, industry, population, and motor vehicles. The mapping accuracy with the ASTER is 96% while the Sentinel-2A imagery is 90%. The mapping of changes in public green open space show that 17,62 km2 public green open space has not changed, increased 1,15 km2, and decreased 2,61 km2. Oxygen demand in 2004 was 1053531,92 kg/day with green open space needs covering 10,41 km2, while in 2019 it was 1923959,31 kg / day with Green Open Space needs covering 19 km2. The need for green space in 2004 has been fulfilled from public green space of 20,22 km2. In 2019 the area of public open green space is 18,77 km2, so that public open green space has not been able to fulfill the needs of overall green open space.

Green Open Space "RTH" plays a very important role in realizing a sustainable city and has a balance of functions both ecologically and psychologically for urban communities. Green Open Space can be divided into two, namely public green open space and private green open space, but only public green open space can still be controlled directly by the government. The purpose of this study is to identify the availability of public green open space in the city of Denpasar and to formulate strategies and policies for managing public green open space in the city of Denpasar. Data collection techniques were carried out using interviews and questionnaires, qualitative and quantitative descriptive data analysis with SWOT analysis for the use of public green open space, and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine management strategies and policies. The availability of public green open space in 2011 was recorded at 2,341.48 or 18.32 percent. The availability of public green open space in 2019 was recorded at 1,572,990 ha or 12.49 percent. The difference in 2011 and 2019 was 768,490 Ha or 5.83 percent. The minimum area for public green open space following the 20 percent rule is 1.68 percent (in 2011) and 7.51 percent (in 2019). The implementation of Denpasar Public Green Open Space (RTH) management has not met the standards of the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 1 of 2007 and Minister of Public Works Number 5 of 2008. The strategy for managing Green Open Space is to develop detailed spatial plans, install information boards, enforce laws, and implement incentives disincentives to relevant stakeholders

According to UU 26/2007 of Spatial Planning, the percentage of green open space in the city area is at least 30% of the total area of the city consisting of 20% public green open space and 10% private green open space. Until early 2021, the percentage of public green open space in Magelang City has only reached 16% of total area of Magelang City. This is because there are still limited human resources and finances. The government of Magelang City still dominates in the management of public green open space and doesn’ t empower other stakeholders. To accelerate the achievement of the target of public green open space in Magelang City need collaboration between government with private and civil society. The collaboration of them in the process of formulating, implementing, and evaluating public policies is known as collaborative governance. The objectives of this study are (1) to identify the stakeholders in the Public Green Open Space Policy in Magelang City, (2) to analyse the role of each stakeholders in the Public Green Open Space Policy in Magelang City, (3) to analyse Collaborative Governance in the Public Green Open Space Policy in Magelang City. In this study, the researcher used a qualitative descriptive approach with Collaborative Governance theory by Ansell and Gash. The result of this study indicate that (1) the stakeholders of Public Green Open Space in Magelang City are DPUPR, DLH, Bank Jateng, Bank Magelang, HK Mustika Gold, and civil society, (2) DPUPR has role as a policy maker and coordinator; DLH acts as implementer; private as facilitator; and civil society as users of Public Green Open Space, (3) collaborative governance in the Public Green Open Space in Magelang City has not gone well, collaboration between the government and the private is only carried out for a certain period of time and there is not sustainable collaboration.

Kepanjen as the capital of Malang Regency continues to improve, in addition to being equipped with various public facilities and green open spaces, it will also be used as a pilot as a green city by the Regency Government. Currently Kepanjen City already has several public green open spaces, but the existing public open green space still does not meet the standard area of green open space of a region. Therefore this study will evaluate the availability of public green open space in Kepanjen City. This study aims to find out the distribution of public green open space in the Kepanjen City Center. The method used in this study is evaluative descriptive, how to obtain data by field observations, interviews and recording. Based on the results of the survey and analysis that the public green open space in the Kepanjen City Center Area consists of railroad borders, river borders, cemeteries, and green roads. Railroad green open space along 3 km along the railroad tracks, each river has been protected by green open space river border, in the central area of Kepanjen City has two public cemeteries and one Chinese cemetery which also functions as a green open space, and the Green Roadway in Kepanjen urban area is located on Panglima Sudirman street, Kawi, Panji street, Sultan Agung street, and Dr Wahidin Sudirohusodo street.

The existence of public green open spaces provides a number of benefits for the community and the surrounding environment. This study aims to assess the environmental service function of public green spaces in Mataram City using several environmental analysis approaches. The research method used a quantitative descriptive approach with the research sample being Pagutan green space and Udayana green space. The research time was conducted from June to July 2023 with research instruments namely interviews, and observations. Some of the methods used are spatial analysis, ecosystem service analysis, and DPSIR analysis. Based on the DPSIR approach, the service function in public green spaces is triggered (Drivers) by the existence of several regulations that require urban areas to have 30% of their area used as green spaces. Pressures faced by public green spaces include an increase in the number of vehicles and population every year. Existing conditions (States) show differences in the value of the measurement of noise, temperature and air quality parameters in RTH Udayana and RTH Pagutan. The impact felt by the presence of RTH shows that some environmental parameters for noise range from 12.42-20.08 dB, temperature ranges from 0.83-1.07oC and air quality (TSP, PM10, SO2, CO, O3, Humidity) show a difference between RTH and non-RTH. Response to (drivers), (pressure), (states), and (impact) variables that have been formulated using SWOT analysis is to coordinate and cooperate all parties both government, private, and community related to planning, structuring and utilization of public green spaces, as well as regular monitoring to ensure the sustainability of environmental services produced by public green spaces.

One important element in the region is the existence of green open space, especially public green open Spaces that have ecological, cultural, economic, aesthetic, and also urban/regional. The need for public green open space as a means of recreation and community interaction is not balanced with the number of available public green open spaces that can balance the population. The public green open space affects the number of people, the more people in one city the need for green open space increases. This method of research analysis is a SWOT analysis in which in research results from the public green open space analysis, population projections, and land use & gravelly. The results are a strategy that can help restore the supply of green open Spaces on the green side of population, which is: optimize the water use areas to make green public Spaces, to use the removal of the land for public green Spaces, to use the ground in hill areas for use as open space. Public green areas such as parks or forests, and they promote and maintain the green facilities that support public activities.and maintaining reforestation of facilities that support community activities.

This research was carried out in Pettuadae Village, Turikale District, Maros Regency. This location was chosen with the consideration that there is still a lack of research on the effectiveness of the use of urban forests as public green open spaces in Turikale District which is still under-attention so that attention and direct action are needed by the community and the government to control. There are two data used, namely: primary data and secondary data. The objectives of this study were: to determine the utilization of the Maros urban forest as a public green open space and to determine the factors that influence the effectiveness of the use of the urban forest as a public green open space in the Pettuadae village, Turikale sub-district, Maros district. Data were collected from observations, questionnaires, interviews. The collected data was then analyzed. This study uses two methods, namely descriptive analysis method to determine the utilization of urban forest as public green open space and multiple linear regression analysis method to determine the factors that influence the effectiveness of urban forest utilization as public green open space. The results showed that the utilization of Maros urban forest as a public green open space in Pettuadae Village, Turikale District, Maros Regency was effective. where the Maros urban forest is used as a means of gathering for discussions or playing with friends and family, enjoying the beauty of the urban forest and enjoying several sports facilities and can be used for street vendors as a livelihood. The factors that affect the effectiveness of the use of urban forests as public green open space in Pettuadae Village, Turikale District, Maros Regency, namely the effectiveness factors in terms of 4 variables namely regulations, public awareness, availability of public facilities and facilities, and budget support. Where there are only two influential variables, namely public awareness and the availability of public facilities and facilities

The purpose of this paper is to determine a plan of action structuring public green open space in the City of Mengwi, Knowing efforts to increase the quantity of green space in the City of Mengwi, and know the concept of development and structuring of public green open space in the City of Mengwi. This paper uses a qualitative approach with a phenomenological approach. The action plan structuring public green open space in the City of Mengwi action oriented with using this type of local parks, the action attribute applicative green city, square garden action, and action structuring neighborhood parks. Improving the quality of green space through enhancing functionality of existing green space, an increase in the proportion of green space utilization through neighborhood scale park like garden telajakan so that the amount of public open space can grow. The concept of the development of public green space in the City of Mengwi is based on the concept of implementing arrangement with green attributes, use local vegetation and observe the movement of the user system. Maximizing green space telajakan began by supplying bags garden is in the area of commercial and office.

Green open space (GOS) plays a very important role in realizing a sustainable city and has a balance of ecological and psychological functions for urban communities. Green open space (GOS) can be divided into two categories, namely public GOS and private GOS, but only public GOS can still be controlled directly by the government. Until now, there has been no study regarding the use of public green open spaces in Denpasar City. The aim of this research is to identify the availability of public green open space in Denpasar City, analyze the implications of using public green open space in Denpasar City, and formulate strategies and policies for managing public green open space in Denpasar City. Data collection techniques in this research were interviews and questionnaires. The data analysis techniques in this research are qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis techniques to determine the availability of public GOS, SWOT analysis for the use of public RTH, and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine management strategies and policies. The availability of public green open space in 2011 was recorded at 2,341.48, or 18.32 percent. The availability of public green open space in 2019 was recorded at 1,572,990 hectares, or 12.49 percent. The difference between 2011 and 2019 was 768,490 ha, or 5.83 percent. The minimum area of public green open space in accordance with the regulations, namely 20 percent, was 1.68 percent in 2011 data and 7.51 percent in 2019 data. The implementation of the utilization of Denpasar City Public Green Open Space (GOS) based on the results of the analysis that has been carried out does not comply with the standards of Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 1 of 2007 concerning Arrangement of Green Open Space in Urban Areas and Minister of Public Works Regulation Number 5 of 2008 concerning Guidelines for Providing and Utilizing Green Open Space in Urban Areas. Management still needs to be improved both in terms of handling, security, and maintenance as well as maintaining the availability of existing public open space.

Environment through the provision of parks and green open spaces (RTH), is carried out area and number of residents spread across the Jambi. urban areas is very necessary. Parks are needed to maintain land availability, as water catchment areas, which can play a role in helping water absorption, so that the supply of water in the ground (water saving) increases and reduces the potential for flooding, by reducing the amount of water runoff. This study used a quantitative descriptive method with research from the Jambi City Statistics Center (BPS). The research was carried out in the Administrative Region of Jambi City. The results of the analysis provision of public green space based on the area need for public green open space in Jambi City is 3,617.50 ha. The available public open space area is around 779.02 ha. Based on these results, there is a difference in the area of 2,838.48 ha, and the provision of public green open space based on population according to Minister of Public Works Regulation Number. 5 of 2008 it can be seen that the need for a park area in Jambi City is 1,243.70 ha. The available garden area is approximately 188,388.27 m2 or 18.84 ha. Based on these results, there is a difference in area shortage of 1,224.86 ha. Jambi City over the past 13 years (2020-2033) Some strategies Increasing the area of public open space in fulfilling intrinsic and extrinsic functions, socializing the availability of green space functions for life and the environment and Spatial planning that is equal to 20% for public open space from the total area of the city. The area of green open space in Jambi City is only 779.02 ha and is very far from the area of Jambi City which is ± 20,538 ha.

Based on the results of identification and analysis related to the functions of green open space in Kelurahan Kauman, both private and public green open space, it was found that private green open space located in residential areas, office areas, education area, and in the worship area. Whereas existing public green open space is in the form of active parks, passive parks, green lane along the road border, green lane along the river border and green green space on the medians road. Private green open space in residential areas has ecological, economic and aesthetic functions; Private green open space in office areas is dominated by ecological functions; while green space in the areas of education, worship, trade and services, is dominated by ecological and aesthetic functions. Whereas public Green Open Space in the form of urban park has an economic function; Green Open Space green lane in the form of road borders, island road, and road median has ecological and aesthetic function; and Green Open Space with specific function in the form of river borders has the ecological and aesthetic function.

Budget constraints are a common problem in Indonesian cities to provide attractive and attractive public open space. There is a need for cooperation between all parties, not only the government but also the private sector and society. These conditions encourage the Semarang City government to increase stakeholder collaboration in the provision of public green open space, one of which is in the development of Taman Indonesia Kaya. The purpose of this study is to examine the model of the collaboration process, the involvement and role of each stakeholder and the sustainability of collaboration. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods, data collection using observations and interviews on each stakeholder element, namely government, private and public. The results show that the collaboration process model starts from face to face dialogue, trust building, commitment to the process, shared understanding between stakeholders until the realization of attractive and attractive public green open space development. However, the sustainability of collaboration is a big challenge going forward. The structure of cooperation is not yet supported by clear institutional design, so that government courage and innovation are needed to determine the form of structural governance in collaborative management of public green open space. Collaboration should be carried out over the long term and use a networked administrative organization model so that the network that is built is in an administrative entity. The model is expected to create efficiency management and support the sustainability of collaboration.

South Tangerang City, particularly Ciputat District, is experiencing rapid development, which has significant implications for the conversion and reduction of public green open spaces (GOS). In evaluating the availability of GOS, it is essential to consider both the extent of existing green spaces and their alignment with the Regional Spatial Plan. This study aims to analyze changes in the availability of public green open space in Ciputat District from 2011 to 2025 and assess its conformity with the Regional Spatial Plan. A quantitative descriptive approach was employed, with data processed using ArcGIS through overlay and digitization methods. The results indicate that public green open space in Ciputat District increased slightly from 16,268 ha in 2011 to 16,848 ha in 2025. However, this represents only 3.8% of the district’s total area, far below the 20% requirement for public green open space stipulated in the Regional Spatial Plan. These findings highlight a significant shortfall in meeting spatial planning standards, underscoring the urgent need for policy interventions to preserve and expand green open spaces as essential components of sustainable urban development.

Urban development currently tends to improve green open space and increase concrete construction. The Office of Public Works and Coverage reports that the new public open green space announced in 2018 is only 2.52% after increasing from 2017 which was only 1.93%. Pekanbaru City Judicial Team continues to make efforts to curb the peddlers because there are directives for street vendors to no longer be active in the Green City Pekanbaru. The purpose of this study is to analyze the evaluation of ecological, social and economic functions and issue recommendations for strategies to optimize the function of the green open space of the central city of Pekanbaru. The analytical method used is descriptive method and completed with a SWOT analysis to formulate a strategy for optimizing the function of public green space in the City Center of Pekanbaru. The recommended strategies based on the results of the SWOT analysis are (1) Addition of vegetation type composition in each public open green space in Pekanbaru City Center, (2) Reduce pavement area (cementation) and increase air infiltration areas by using paving blocks, (3) Optimize green open space facilities not maximally utilized, and (4) Confirmation of street trade policy and trade management of trademarks around Pekanbaru City Public Centers.