Management Positions Research Articles

Stress and job satisfaction over time, the influence of the managerial position: A bivariate longitudinal modelling of Wittyfit data.

The managerial position affects stress and job satisfaction of workers, but these influences have always been studied separately. We aimed to assess bivariate influence of the managerial position on workers' stress and job satisfaction and the inter-relationship of these indicators over time. We have analyzed data from workers who use the Wittyfit software, collected annually between 2018 and 2021. Stress and job satisfaction were evaluated by self-report questionnaires. Job position (manager or employee) was provided by the software's client companies. Data of 704 workers were included in the study. Cross-sectional and longitudinal multivariate analyses revealed that managerial position improves job satisfaction (p<0.001), but not stress (p = 0.4). Overall, while workers' job satisfaction has improved (p<0.001), stress has remained stable over time (p = 0.3). Three latent groups, with specific evolutionary multi-trajectory of stress and job satisfaction were identified in the sample (entropy = 0.80). Age and seniority, but not gender tended to influence managers' and employees' indicators. Over time, stress and job satisfaction have tended to negatively interconnect, in cross-section and in a cross-lagged manner (p<0.001). The managerial position improves workers' job satisfaction but has no effect on stress. Sociodemographics including age and seniority, but not gender, can affect this relationship. Stress and job satisfaction can influence each other, both cross-sectionally and over time. To be more effective, organizations should implement holistic strategies targeting multiple indicators. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02596737.

GENDER INEQUALITY OF WOMEN IN EDUCATION OR WHY WOMEN ARE UNDERREPRESENTED IN LEADERSHIP POSITIONS?

The article is devoted to one of the main and topical problems of gender studies, namely, gender inequality of women in education when occupying senior management positions. The following categories are understood by the researchers as management positions in higher education institutions: rector, vice-rectors, president, head or director, who acts within the limits of their powers. Despite the fact that education is one of the most feminized branches of Ukrainian society, the heads of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine according to the Soviet tradition were (with a rare exception to the rule) men. The author analyzes gender differences in the distribution of power in the best higher education institutions of Ukraine according to the consolidated rating. Special attention is paid to the state of gender equality in leadership positions at the Borys Grinchenko Kyiv Metropolitan University. The author believes that one of the main tasks of gender is to find out the factors that prevent women from being active and being elected to leadership positions in institutions of higher education. The author believes that one of the main tasks of gender is to find out the factors that prevent women from being active and being elected to leadership positions in institutions of higher education. The article analyzes the scientific literature, in which the following factors are divided into «availability of offers» and «availability of demand»: «availability of offers» includes the potential readiness of women to occupy management positions in higher education institutions; «availability of demand» includes prejudices of educators regarding the leadership of women in the educational sphere, and in institutions of higher education in particular. The author examines the Gender Equality Index of the World Economic Forum, which contains four dimensions related to the subject of the study: economic opportunities for women in leadership positions; the level of women’s education and its quality; the state of women’s health and the possibility of its recovery; the degree of representation of women in leadership positions in the country. The article proposes ways to solve the situation regarding gender inequality of women in leadership positions in higher education institutions of Ukraine. As a way to improve the state of gender inequality of women in leadership positions in higher education institutions of Ukraine, it is proposed to conduct trainings or shortened courses on gender studies for students, teachers, scientists, senior managers of higher education institutions, which will help women believe in themselves, and the management of higher education institutions recognize the possibility of women’s leadership. In the future, it is planned to continue the development of this topic thanks to the analysis of the state of gender equality of women in the management positions of higher education institutions in the European educational environment and its comparison with the Ukrainian one, as well as the search for positive experience and ways to overcome the existing situation.

Organizational digital development and digital competencies required for managers in different positions: The human resource management perspective

Organizational digital develo pment requires new competencies from managers. The aim of the research was to establish the relation between the assessed level of the companies` digitalization and the assessment of the required level of digital competencies for managers in different managerial positions (operational, middle, and executive). The respondents included 97 professionals employed in a human resource department who filled an online scale the digital development level in companies and a modified scale based on the European digital competence framework. The results show that the higher assessment of the organizational digital development predicts the higher level of required digital competencies, regardless the managerial position, followed by the main effect of the managerial position on the required level of digital competencies, with no differences in competency domains. They indicate the importance of the organizational setting in the context of the expected digital competency, as well as the existing differences in the level but not in the domain requirements for competencies related to the managerial position. Findings should be interpreted in the context of the limitations stemming from the sample and the fact that both assessments were carried out by the same respondents who might not be the experts in organizational digital development.

Expert recommendations on feeding practices of milk diets in acute infant diarrhea in India: a collaborative position statement Expert opinion on nutritional management in acute infant diarrhea

Acute infant diarrhea has a significant impact on India's public health landscape, which is characterized by regional disparities and predominantly viral causes that often resolve on their own. The primary management objective of acute infant diarrhea is to ensure quick recovery while maintaining the nutritional intake of affected infants, aiming to reduce weight loss, manage loose stools better, and reduce the duration of diarrhea. Early refeeding, oral rehydration solution (ORS), and zinc supplementation are critical strategies, according to international consensus and scientific validation. Milk-based diets practically form a key part of dietary choices in young children. There was a need to develop an expert position for the nutritional management of acute infant diarrhea in this aspect in the Indian context. Therefore, between July and September 2023, a series of expert meetings across India were dedicated to formulating an evidence-based position for the nutritional management of acute infant diarrhea. The emphasis was on the benefits of continuing feeding and early refeeding as appropriate, and promoting continued breastfeeding. For non-breastfed infants, a strategic approach to selecting suitable milk diets was deliberated, supporting rapid recovery without compromising nutrition. This strategy not only supports the overall developmental well-being of the infant but also addresses potential issues related to alternative diets, such as palatability, potential long-term effects, and the challenges of reverting to standard milk diets. Through these discussions, a comprehensive framework for managing nutrition in acute diarrhea in infants with milk-based diets was established, highlighting the importance of continued nutritional intake along with standard management guidelines.

Remote Workers’ Reasons for Changed Levels of Absenteeism, Presenteeism and Working Outside Agreed Hours During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Few studies have analyzed the extent of remote workers’ absenteeism, presenteeism and working outside agreed hours during the COVID-19 pandemic. Even fewer have examined the reasons that led remote workers to change these behaviors during the pandemic. The present study aimed to investigate these. An online survey containing closed- and open-ended questions was distributed to IT and communication remote workers ( N = 459). Closed-ended questions were analyzed quantitatively, while open-ended questions were analyzed qualitatively. Most participants engaged in presenteeism and worked outside of agreed work hours. Absenteeism was less common than presenteeism. Presenteeism was found to be more common among women and younger workers. Absenteeism was more frequent among younger workers, sales and support workers, and workers who did not hold management positions. Working outside agreed hours was more common among older workers and workers in managerial positions, but less common among support, sales, and administrative staff. Compared with the pre-pandemic period, absenteeism decreased, whilst presenteeism and working outside agreed hours increased during the pandemic. Health behaviors, work-related factors, and perceptions of illness influenced absenteeism and presenteeism behavior. For some individuals, health behaviors improved during remote work, reducing the need for absenteeism. Greater accessibility to work, increased workload, and the belief that one could manage work even if ill led to increased presenteeism while working remotely. The eroding of boundaries between home and work, reduced commuting, increased workload, and increased work-related communication were associated with increased working outside agreed hours.

From burnout to behavior: the dark side of emotional intelligence on optimal functioning across three managerial levels.

Burnout has been typically addressed as an outcome and indicator of employee malfunctioning due to its profound effects on the organization, its members, and its profitability. Our study assesses its potential as a predictor, delving into how different sources of motivation-autonomous and controlled-act as mediational mechanisms in the association between burnout and behavioral dimensions of functioning (namely, organizational citizenship behaviors and work misbehaviors). Furthermore, the buffering effects of emotional intelligence across three different managerial levels were also examined. To this end, a total non-targeted sample of 840 Romanian managers (513 first-, 220 mid-, and 107 top-level managers) was obtained. Burnout predicted motivation, which predicted work behaviors in a moderated-mediation framework. Contrary to our initial prediction, emotional intelligence augmented the negative association between burnout and motivation, exhibiting a dark side to this intelligence type. These findings are nuanced by the three managerial positions and shed light on the subtle differences across supervisory levels. The current article suggests a relationship between multiple dimensions of optimal (mal)functioning and discusses valuable theoretical and practical insights, supporting future researchers and practitioners in designing burnout, motivation, and emotional intelligence interventions.

Officials and workers’ perception of political-ideological work at Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City

The political-ideological work (PIW) has played a significant role in enhancing political-ideological perception and political qualities and shaping ideological stances to promote the social responsibility of officials and workers at Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City over the past time. Based on the survey results of 1,940 lecturers, specialists, and researchers, this paper focuses on analyzing officials and workers’ perception of the content and importance of PIW in higher education institutions. The results have indicated that most officials and workers in the surveyed sample recognized the critical contents of PIW, except for “The participation in Party organizations, leadership, and administrative and professional management of the university” and “The struggle against the “self-evolution” and “self-transformation” in the Party”. Most officials and workers highly appreciate the importance of PIW at the university. However, the leadership, administrative and professional management apparatus as well as the labor union of the university have not received proportional recognition for their actual role in PIW. There are disparities among groups of officials and workers in accessing PIW information. Those not in managerial positions and are not Party members have fewer advantages in accessing diverse information and a lower level of understanding of PIW content than other groups at Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City. To enhance VNUHCM officials and workers’ coverage and understanding, diverse units within the university should actively participate in PIW.

The process of challenge formation in Iranian nursing education: A grounded theory study with model presentation.

Nursing education faces many challenges that must be identified and removed to improve nursing education and promote the quality of nursing care. Identifying the challenges of nursing education helps to solve or correct the weaknesses and achieve educational goals, which ultimately help to train skilled professionals capable of providing higher quality care to patients. The present study was conducted with the aim of explaining the experiences of nursing tutors in regard to the process of challenge formation in nursing education in Iran. This is a qualitative study with a grounded theory approach that was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, which took about 9 months, 18 experienced nursing tutors with managerial positions were selected by purposeful sampling from universities across the country. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, field notes, observation, and memos. Data analysis was done by Corbin and Strauss method through MAXQDA software version 10. In the next step, using the method of Walker and Avant (2011), concepts and statements were gathered within a whole and a model was presented. Twelve male university tutors and six female tutors participated in this study. The mean age of the participants was 45.38 ± 2.1 years, and their mean work experience was 18.66 ± 3.8 years. The findings showed that the challenges of nursing education could be categorized into three categories (defective educational cycle, efforts to restore the educational structure, and learning is a member of educational family), and 12 subcategories. After analyzing the data, trying to provide a need-based education was determined to be the central theme of this study. The components of model developed in this study were presented in the three axes of improving the tutor's teaching skills, managing the situation and educational facilities, and facilitating student's participation in the education process and decision-making. Identifying barriers and facilitators of need-based education in health policy making can enable nurses to build a better future for their nursing position. To provide need-based education, it is necessary to create a suitable ground and platform for proper education. Such platform and ground are a necessity of educational, therapeutic, and community environments. To achieve this goal, it is recommended to improve the professional capabilities of tutors and support educational organizations.

The mediating role of supply chain digitization in the relationship between supply chain agility and operational performance

This study investigates the mediating role of supply chain digitization in the relationship between supply chain agility and operational performance. To test the study hypothesis, a survey questionnaire was distributed to 320 respondents occupying different managerial positions at pharmaceutical manufacturing companies in Jordan. However, 285 questionnaires were retrieved, of which 17 were excluded for their invalidity. Thus, only 268 questionnaires were found to be valid for statistical analysis. The results show There is a relationship that is statistically significant between supply chain agility and operational performance; there is an impact of supply chain agility on supply chain digitization; there is an impact of supply chain digitization on operational performance; and there is no significant mediating role of supply chain digitization in the relationship between supply chain agility and operational performance. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of supply chain agility in enhancing the operational performance and supply digitization of pharmaceutical manufacturing companies in Jordan. The study recommends other researchers conduct further studies on how digitalization, information systems, and technology may improve supply chain agility, examine the ideas of responsiveness and resilience in agile supply chains, and recognize how these factors might be balanced by businesses to attain the best possible operational performance.

Exploring the use, usefulness and ease of use of digital occupational health services: A descriptive correlational study of customer experiences.

This study examined the customer experiences of use, perceived usefulness and ease of use of digital occupational health (OH) services. A cross-sectional study based on an electronic survey was conducted between December 2022 and January 2023. A total of 9871 OH customers responded to the survey. The sample was restricted to respondents who used digital OH services (n = 7275). An analysis of variance was run to test the relationships between respondents' characteristics and the rate of usefulness, and ease of use variables. The most commonly used digital services were appointment booking, access to health information recorded by professionals and prescription renewal, and the digital services provided by physicians and nurses. Respondents expressed quite high satisfaction with the digital services, but not as much with their usefulness and ease of use. Females, individuals under 50 years of age, those with higher education, working in white-collar or managerial positions and possessing proficient information and communication technology (ICT) skills gave the most positive evaluations regarding usefulness and ease of use. There was a certain level of mixed experiences among respondents regarding the usefulness and ease of use of digital OH services. We can also conclude that individuals who possess the necessary ICT skills can more easily take full advantage of the available digital services. When customers are proficient in using digital services, they can confidently interact with professionals. Regardless of the user's age, gender, education or profession, it is crucial for service providers always to strive to improve the usability of digital services.

Exploring the Representation of Women in Technical Roles at a South African Performing Arts Entity

Low levels of female representation are found when it comes to technical roles within the South African performing arts industry despite improved numbers in the overall representation of females within the industry across different occupational categories. Employment in the core functions of the performing arts entities is therefore still predominantly male. The research aimed to explore the representation of women in a performing arts entity. The feminist, social dominance and patriarchy theories were used to conceptualize the research phenomena and interrogate the findings in this study. The research adopted a qualitative case study approach, using one-on-one in-depth interviews. The sample of participants included management and employees in the technical business unit, selected through convenience sampling and a complementary snowball sampling technique. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data, which engendered themes and sub-themes, substantiated by verbatim quotes from the interviews. Although the research findings indicated an unequal representation of females in technical roles and their absence in management positions within the entity, female presence was found to enhance teamwork and diverse views, which consequently improved team performance. The study found that barriers to female representation include unequal gender representation, the nature of work, and the work-life balance. The study established policy recommendations for the industry, including flexible-hour strategies and childcare facilities, among others.

ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ТРУДОВОЙ ЗАНЯТОСТИ ПЕНСИОНЕРОВ В РАЗРЕЗЕ ЗАНЯТИЙ И ВИДОВ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ В 2017–2022 ГГ.

The purpose of the study is to analyze and evaluate trends in the employment process of pensioners in 2017 (before the reform) and 2022. The subject of the study is data on distribution by occupation (according to the All-Russian Classifier of Occupations-2014) and by type of economic activity of pensioners over working age by five-year age groups. The study used the method of dynamic and categorical comparison of employment characteristics of persons over working age. In the course of the study, the following tasks were solved: 1) general employment trends of working people over working age were determined; 2) employment trends of men and women of retirement age were identified; 3) features of employment dynamics by gender and age were established. An attempt was made to assess the contribution of previous pension generations (who were already old-age pensioners in 2017) to the change in indicators as a whole. Data indicate a steady decline in the number of workers of retirement age engaged in unskilled labor. The share of employed older workers in management positions is gradually declining. The most noticeable changes are occurring in the employment structure of men of retirement age, as their share among highly qualified specialists is declining. At the same time, the share of women in this category increased by 4 percentage points. There is a reduction in the share of older workers in organizations and enterprises with significant state participation and their flow into the sphere of trade and services. As a result of the study, a scientifically based conclusion was made that to level out the described negative processes, it is advisable (taking into account the difference in life expectancy of men and women) to reduce the retirement age limit for men.

Exploring Challenges Faced by Women Leaders in a Financial Sector in South Africa

In recent years, business and industries are striving to find a balance in the workplace since there is a huge gap in inequalities and gender representation is at the forefront in leadership positions. Despite several initiatives from both the public and private sectors, the gap does not appear to be closing over time in the financial sector in South Africa. The aim of the study is to explore the representation of women in leadership roles in financial organisations in greater Durban area. This was a cross-sectional qualitative study conducted among 10 women who were in management positions. They were recruited using purposive sampling technique. Thematic analysis was performed to identify themes, the study found that women in leadership positions in the financial industries face a variety of difficulties. The issues range from the way males treat women to stereotypical behaviour, harassment, the pay gap, juggling home and work obligations, and male domination. It is therefore recommended that, to advance women into leadership positions, organizations can create policies, provide mentorship programs, provide networking opportunities, promote women, and enforce gender equity policies.

Presenteeism and psychosocial aspects of work among civil servants in leadership positions at a Brazilian federal university.

Presenteeism, defined as the physical presence of the worker in the work environment despite being sick, has been little investigated among public servants in leadership positions. Managers can suffer stress and even burnout, since the organizational environment is full of complex situations, which can generate strong tension. To evaluate the relationship between work stress and burnout syndrome with presenteeism among civil servants in management positions at a Brazilian federal university. A total of 106 managers responded to an online questionnaire, including questions about the psychosocial aspects of work. Associations between presenteeism, sociodemographic aspects, dimensions of job stress (demand, control and social support) and Burnout syndrome (emotional exhaustion, dehumanization, emotional distancing and professional achievement) were performed using logistic regression methods. In relation to presenteeism, 51.9% reported having worked in the presence of health problems, and 45.2% of presenteeist workers showed a drop in the performance of work activities due to presenteeism. Burnout syndrome was observed in 10.5% of the group. Regarding the stress at work, 42.9% showed high demand, 55.7% low control and 59.6% low social support. For presenteeists, associations were observed between decreased control, increased emotional exhaustion and dehumanization with greater chances of falling in work performance due to presenteeism. The characteristics of the management positions observed here are factors that can contribute to the greater occurrence of presenteeism and/or greater drop in work performance due to presenteeism.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ РЕКЛАМИ ЯК ЗАСІБ ПРОСУВАННЯ ПОСЛУГ ЗАКЛАДІВ ГОТЕЛЬНО-РЕСТОРАННОГО БІЗНЕСУ

The article examines the peculiarities of conducting a marketing research and develops practical recommendations for promoting services in the hotel and restaurant business market using modern means of advertising in the information space. In order to identify the problems faced by the administration, staff and visitors, a marketing research was conducted in the form of a differentiated survey. The survey considered potentially new online marketing tools for the restaurant’s advertising activities. Given that the administration of the restaurant under study does not have a marketing department, the work in this direction is carried out unsystematically, which undoubtedly affects the level of visits to the restaurant. It is proved that this means of marketing communications will be used to convey information to end consumers (disseminate information about the specific benefits of the service), form a positive attitude of consumers to the institution, create an image of a product or service in their minds. Typical mistakes in the design of a hotel and restaurant website and their presence on the website of the restaurant «See Zone» are identified. As a result of the analysis of the compliance of various advertising media with the target audience, the advertised service, competitors’ advertising media, and the consumer response time, a generalized list of problems and suggestions for their solution was provided. It was also proposed to introduce the position of an SMM manager who would be responsible for promoting the restaurant’s goods and services in various digital media and networks. The complexity of the objects of analytical research of management functions requires the widespread use of modern methods for solving economic problems using mathematics. Mathematical methods accelerate economic analysis, contribute to a more complete consideration of the impact of factors on performance, improve the accuracy of calculations, and allow for forecasting and describing possible scenarios for the development of the economic processes under study. It is proposed to use the formulas of probability theory in solving problems related to the processing and analysis of customer questionnaires of the hotel and restaurant industry to select effective advertising measures.

Сучасні тренди розвитку стратегічного управління

The work is devoted to the study of the main modern global trends in the development of strategic management of organizations, which is relevant in the context of rapid changes in the market, the development of new technologies and management methodologies, as well as the growing requirements for business flexibility and adaptability. The article highlights the main latest trends in strategic management: digital transformation, sustainable development, agile management. When considering the impact of digital transformation, special attention is paid to the impact of the development of the IT industry on staffing and information support for the strategic management of enterprises and organizations. A matrix of competencies for new positions (Data Engineer, BI-specialist, Data Scientist, Data Analyst) in strategic management has been built. A new interpretation of the data-driven decision-making as a process of using data to adjust business strategies and effective decision-making is considered. When disclosing the content of the trend of sustainable development in strategic management, emphasis is placed on hybrid organizations and non-economic components of their activities. A definition of the sustainable development project and the sustainable development program on the basis of the developed conceptual model LRNG is proposed. Hybrid organizations implement sustainable development projects, combining the creation of social/environmental value and ensuring economic attractiveness. The LRNG model provides for positioning based on qualitative assessments of the effects of a project/program of sustainable development on the matrix «importance/strength of the effect» with the construction of his/her profile with differentiation by types of effect (local, regional, national, global). The authors also emphasize that the trend towards «agile management» has been noticeable over the past decade, and today in strategic management special attention is paid to such a component of it as compliance management.

Achieving Organisational Effectiveness: A Leadership Framework Based on the Complexity Perspective

This paper aims to provide insights into the daunting task leaders face towards achieving organisational effectiveness in the changing and demanding business environment. We propose a leadership framework to explore the effects of different leadership roles on the organisations’ outcomes. In the proposed framework, organisations were observed as complex adaptive systems (CAS). A survey was conducted among private sector employees from companies operating in Serbia to verify the proposed framework. Answers from 277 respondents were analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The applied framework provides valuable insights into the influences of different leadership roles - operational, entrepreneurial, and enabling - on organisational effectiveness. Organisational effectiveness was observed through the lens of business-related performance outcomes, organisational units’ outcomes, and individual outcomes, all together reflecting innovation, adaptability, quality, cooperation, employees’ motivation, job satisfaction, work stress level, and job insecurity. Research analysis provides evidence on the influence of complexity leadership on companies' outcomes. Additional insights are provided, having in mind that differences in the impact have been detected based on the managerial and non-managerial positions held.

EXPLORING EMPLOYEE JOB SATISFACTION AT CONCENTRIX: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY

The paper sheds light on Concentrix workers' job satisfaction levels. Managers and employees may have various motivations for desiring work-related organizational environments. Life values, fulfillment, a sense of wholeness, love, purpose, contribution, and meaning are issues that affect today's workforce. Employees now consider job pleasure to be a right, much as the company expects top performance from its staff. Individuals who feel that they cannot change the results they create at work or perhaps in another organization because they are unhappy with the results that are achieved. On the other hand, people feel more involved when they are satisfied with the amount of knowledge they can gain from their employment. Study participants include the Concentrix branch situated in Chandigarh's IT Park. All of Concentrix's workers are included in the study. For the study, a sample of 100 Concentrix personnel in managerial and functional positions was selected.

A Freidsonian Analysis of The Professional trajectories of Public Health Nursing Specialists in Minas Gerais, Brazil, 1988-1992.

To analyze the contributions of the Public Health Nursing Specialization Course (1988-1992) of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais in improving the expertise and professional status of its graduates. Historical and social study in the history of nursing and expertise. The sources included 20 registration forms, enrollment documentation of graduates, and three course documents collected in the Memory Center of Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, combined with Lattes/CNPq curricula and analyzed through Eliot Freidson's Sociology of Professions. The specialists were selected through a strategy of construction of knowledge for socio-sanitary transformation. The specialization provided support for the professional career of graduates in administrative leadership, management, and visibility positions in public health; the group's profile was focused on academia, which creates its own knowledge. The specialization provided its graduates the opportunity to exercise professional autonomy, elevating the state of affairs and contributing to the professionalization of public health nursing.

O espaço da politização na estrutura do Governo Federal brasileiro, 1999-2021

Abstract What was the extent of the Brazilian president’s politicization space within the structure of the federal public bureaucracy from 1999 to 2021? The extent of this space is related to the importance of politicization as a strategy for controlling the bureaucracy, monitoring partners, and political accommodation, following the logic of coalition presidentialism. Thus, this article sought to measure it using a descriptive methodology based on data collected from the Federal Government’s Painel Estatístico de Pessoal, encompassing positions and functions within the government throughout the period. By considering all possibilities of appointments and designations made by the president for high-level positions, this article presented an innovative approach compared to previous Brazilian Political Science studies assessing politicization in the federal government. This approach led to the conclusion that the extent of the politicization space did not substantially decrease despite the reduction in senior management and advisory positions (known in Brazil as Cargos de Direção e Assessoramento Superior - DAS), in addition to revealing a new pattern of politicization characterized by increased use of funções de confiança exclusively held by career public servants and the valorization of these servants even in DAS positions.