ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ТРУДОВОЙ ЗАНЯТОСТИ ПЕНСИОНЕРОВ В РАЗРЕЗЕ ЗАНЯТИЙ И ВИДОВ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ В 2017–2022 ГГ.

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to analyze and evaluate trends in the employment process of pensioners in 2017 (before the reform) and 2022. The subject of the study is data on distribution by occupation (according to the All-Russian Classifier of Occupations-2014) and by type of economic activity of pensioners over working age by five-year age groups. The study used the method of dynamic and categorical comparison of employment characteristics of persons over working age. In the course of the study, the following tasks were solved: 1) general employment trends of working people over working age were determined; 2) employment trends of men and women of retirement age were identified; 3) features of employment dynamics by gender and age were established. An attempt was made to assess the contribution of previous pension generations (who were already old-age pensioners in 2017) to the change in indicators as a whole. Data indicate a steady decline in the number of workers of retirement age engaged in unskilled labor. The share of employed older workers in management positions is gradually declining. The most noticeable changes are occurring in the employment structure of men of retirement age, as their share among highly qualified specialists is declining. At the same time, the share of women in this category increased by 4 percentage points. There is a reduction in the share of older workers in organizations and enterprises with significant state participation and their flow into the sphere of trade and services. As a result of the study, a scientifically based conclusion was made that to level out the described negative processes, it is advisable (taking into account the difference in life expectancy of men and women) to reduce the retirement age limit for men.