Management Strategy Evaluation Research Articles

Influential factors for effective facilities management practices in public special economic zones (PSEZ): a case study of Benjamin Mkapa and Hifadhi SEZs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Purpose Special economic zones (SEZs) typically require high-quality service and infrastructure, as well as the presence of skilled and experienced facilities managers. However, the zones face several challenges in terms of facility management, such as poor infrastructure and an unprofessional approach to facilities management (FM). Using two public SEZs, this study aims to examine the drivers of effective facilities management practices, evaluate management strategies and explore challenges that prevent the zones’ effective facilities management. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a mixed-method research approach to collect data from selected investors and facilities managers, with primary data collected through a questionnaire to 101 respondents and interviews conducted with 8 facilities managers. Interpretive analysis was used to analyse qualitative data, while descriptive analysis was used to analyse data collected through a survey. Findings The results show that FM in the zones is highly in-house, with facilities managers’ roles only seen as critical during the occupation stage, little involvement during the construction stage and no involvement at all during the design stage. The analysis of the drivers for effective FM practices reveals a disparity between what is occurring on the ground and best practices. Furthermore, investors were dissatisfied with the quality of facilities management practices, the competence of facilities managers in carrying out their facilities management responsibilities and the time required to deliver services. Originality/value This study proposed a conceptual framework that guides policymakers and other stakeholders on properly managing PSEZs to attract investors’ interest. The study also calls for professional FM in PSEZs, policy intervention to separate government ownership from Zone management and addressing problems that impede zone competitiveness.

Evaluation of cord management strategies in intrauterine growth-restricted infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Delayed cord clamping (DCC) has been widely adopted in both term and preterm infants to improve neonatal outcomes by increasing blood volume and supporting oxygenation. However, the optimal cord management for intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) infants is unclear. To systematically review and meta-analyze the effects of DCC compared to early cord clamping (ECC) in IUGR infants. We followed the PRISMA guidelines for meta-analysis. Six databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies comparing DCC and ECC in IUGR infants, focusing on neonatal resuscitation measures, hematological parameters, morbidities, and mortality. The Cochrane Collaboration tool and Newcastle-Ottawa scale were used for RCTs and observational studies, respectively. Eight studies with 1531 participants were included, comprising six RCTs and two observational studies. Serum ferritin at 3months and initial Hb were significantly higher in the DCC group (MD: 36.16ng/ml [95% CI: 34.09, 38.24]), (MD: 1.64 gm/dl [95%CI: 0.88, 2.4]) respectively. The risk of polycythemia was higher in the DCC group (RR 1.88, 95% CI [1.27, 2.8]), without an increase in the peak total serum bilirubin or the need for exchange transfusion. Conclusion: DCC may be beneficial and safe in IUGR infants, improving hematological parameters without affecting neonatal morbidity and mortality. Further high-quality, large trials are needed to confirm these findings and assess neurodevelopmental impact.

Long-term population trend of northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) in the California Current system

Abstract Ecosystem function and variability of eastern boundary upwelling systems is linked to the population dynamics of coastal pelagic fish. Developing population dynamics models of coastal pelagic species over many decades has unique challenges, and can benefit from the integration of multiple disparate sources of fisheries and resource survey information. Northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) are vital trophic links in the food web of the California Current Ecosystem. Previous studies of this anchovy population had relatively narrow temporal ranges or focused on a single data source (e.g. larval abundance data). Here, we combine data sets that have informed previous studies, into one integrated statistical catch-at-age population dynamics model to estimate extended biomass and recruitment trends, providing a comprehensive account of anchovy dynamics from 1965–2021. Our results are consistent with previous biomass estimates but show an earlier peak in the 1970s that coincided with the peak of the US reduction fishery. Our results can facilitate an in-depth analysis of the environmental drivers influencing successful anchovy recruitment, serve to parameterize and evaluate performance of ecological models that mechanistically link the environment and food web to anchovy population dynamics and distribution, and provide the basis for a management strategy evaluation of this anchovy stock.

Predation by marine mammals explains recent trends in natural mortality of Pacific Herring (Clupea pallasii) and changes expectations for future biomass

Abstract The recovery of marine mammals from historical over-exploitation in the 1970s represents one of the largest changes in trophic structure in the northeast Pacific Ocean over the last century, for which the impacts on key forage species such as Pacific Herring (Clupea pallasii) are poorly understood. This has prompted hypotheses that increasing marine mammal populations are the primary cause for productivity declines for some fish stocks and their lack of recovery to historical abundance levels. In this study, we evaluate such a hypothesis for Pacific Herring by quantifying historical predation rates by key predators, including cetaceans (Pacific Humpbacks, Grey Whales), pinnipeds (Steller Sea Lions, Harbour Seals), and piscivorous fish (Pacific Hake). Predation mortality is quantified via a novel approach that integrates a single-species catch-at-age model with estimates of predator consumption derived from bioenergetic models. We found that predator consumption, largely driven by Humpback Whales, explained increasing Pacific Herring natural mortality rates in recent years and could be used to forecast future mortality. Incorporating higher future natural mortality rates produced higher estimates of current stock status (1.09–1.2$B_0$) based on lower estimates of equilibrium unfished biomass (17.5–20.3 kt). Conversely, models that assumed mortality was more like the historical average had lower stock status (0.63$B_0$) and higher estimates of unfished biomass (32.4 kt). We demonstrate a practical approach for ecosystem modelling that can be used to develop operating model scenarios for management strategy evaluation, improving scientific defensibility by removing an element of analyst choice for future mortality scenarios. We discuss how simpler modifications to single-species model assumptions can be more pragmatic for providing fisheries management advice, while more complex multi-species or ecosystem models might provide more nuanced insights for exploring research questions related to multi-species ecosystems and fisheries interactions.

A Framework for Detecting and Managing Non-Point-Source Pollution in Agricultural Areas Using GeoAI and UAVs

This study proposes a novel framework for detecting and managing non-point-source (NPS) pollution in agricultural areas using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and geospatial artificial intelligence (GeoAI). High-resolution UAV imagery, combined with the YOLOv8 instance segmentation model, was employed to accurately detect and classify various NPS sources, such as livestock barns, compost heaps, greenhouses, and mulching films. The spatial information, including the area and volume of detected objects, was analyzed to track temporal changes and evaluate management strategies. The framework integrates remote sensing, deep learning, and geographic information system (GIS) analysis to enhance decision-making processes, providing detailed insight into NPS pollution dynamics over time. This approach not only improves the efficiency of NPS monitoring but also facilitates proactive management by offering precise location and environmental impact data. The results indicate that this framework can significantly improve resource allocation and environmental management practices, particularly in agriculture-dominated regions susceptible to NPS pollution, thereby contributing to the sustainable development of these areas.

Larval source management in Ethiopia: modelling to assess its effectiveness in curbing malaria surge in dire Dawa and Batu Towns

BackgroundEthiopia faces several severe challenges in terms of malaria elimination, including drug resistance and diagnostic evasion in the Plasmodium falciparum parasite, insecticide resistance in the primary Anopheles malaria vector, and, most recently, the invasion of the Asian malaria vector Anopheles stephensi. Novel malaria control methods are therefore needed, and in this paper, we describe the evaluation of a larval source management (LSM) strategy implemented in response to An. stephensi. The primary outcome was the malaria incidence rate compared between intervention and non-intervention sites in the presence of An. stephensi.MethodsIntervention (Batu and Dire Dawa) and control (Metehara) towns were selected, and weekly malaria passive case detection data collected between 2014 and 2023 were obtained from the Oromia regional state and Dire Dawa City Administration Health Bureau. In addition, data regarding intervention were obtained from the President’s Malaria Initiative (PMI) reports. Weekly malaria passive case data were used to evaluate the change in the estimated malaria incidence rate and trends of temporal patterns of the estimated malaria incidence rate before and after interventions. An interrupted time series model with a cyclic second-order random walk structure periodic seasonal term was used to assess the impact of LSM on malaria incidence rate in the intervention and control settings.ResultsAn upsurge in malaria cases occurred after 2020 at both the intervention and control sites. The temporal patterns of malaria incidence rate showed an increasing trend after the intervention. The ITS model depicted that the LSM has no impact in reducing the malaria incidence rate at both intervention site Dire Dawa [immediate impact = 1.462 (0.891, 2.035)], [Lasting impact = 0.003 (− 0.012, 0.018)], and Batu [Immediate impact 0.007 (− 0.235, 0.249), [Lasting impact = 0.008 (− 0.003, 0.013)].ConclusionsAn overall increasing trend in the malaria incidence rate was observed irrespective of the implementation of LSM in the urban settings of Ethiopia, where An. stephensi has been found. Further investigations and validations of the incorporation of LSM into control activities are warranted.

Management of monochorionic diamniotic twin gestation affected by Type-II selective fetal growth restriction: cost-effectiveness analysis.

Monochorionic twin gestations affected by Type-II selective fetal growth restriction (sFGR) are at increased risk of intrauterine fetal demise, extreme preterm birth, severe neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) and neonatal death of one or both twins. In the absence of a consensus on the optimal management strategy, we chose to evaluate which strategy was cost-effective in the setting of Type-II sFGR. A decision-analytic model was used to compare expectant management (EM), bipolar cord occlusion (BCO), radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and fetoscopic laser photocoagulation (FLP) for a hypothetical cohort of 10 000 people with a monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy affected by Type-II sFGR. Probabilities and utilities were derived from the literature. Costs were derived from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project and adjusted to 2023 USD. The analytic horizon, taken from the perspective of the pregnant patient, extended throughout the life of the child or children. An incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of 50 000 USD per quality-adjusted life year defined the willingness-to-pay threshold. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analysis was also performed. For base-case estimates, RFA was the most cost-effective strategy compared with all of the other interventions included, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of 14 243 USD per quality-adjusted life year. One-way sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the utilities assigned to fetal demise and severe NDI, as well as the costs of preterm birth before 32 weeks, most strongly impacted the model outcomes. On probabilistic sensitivity analysis, RFA was the most cost-effective strategy in 78% of runs, followed by BCO at 20%, EM at 2% and FLP in 0% of runs. When compared with EM, RFA led to 58 fewer births before 28 weeks' gestation, 273 fewer cases of severe NDI and 22 more deliveries after 32 weeks. When compared with FLP, RFA resulted in 259 fewer cases of severe NDI and 3177 more births after 32 weeks. When compared with BCO, RFA resulted in 1786 more neurologically intact neonates and 34 fewer cases of severe NDI. On base-case analysis, RFA was found to be the most cost-effective strategy in the management of monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies affected by Type-II sFGR. However, these findings were not robust on sensitivity analysis, indicating the potential benefit of BCO and EM. In the absence of large clinical trials, these data should not be taken to guide management. Future studies should evaluate management strategies for Type-II sFGR related to long-term neonatal outcomes, inclusive of quality-of-life indicators, in a prospective multicenter cohort. © 2024 The Author(s). Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Comprehensive evaluation of management strategies and rupture status in partially thrombosed aneurysms: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundThis meta-analysis aims to evaluate and compare the clinical and angiographic outcomes of different management strategies for partially thrombosed intracranial aneurysms (PTIAs).MethodsA systematic review was conducted using MEDLINE, Scopus, and...

Socio-Hydrological Agent-Based Modeling as a Framework for Analyzing Conflicts Within Water User Organizations

Water resource management in agriculture faces complex challenges due to increasing scarcity, exacerbated by climate change, and the intensification of conflicts among various user groups. This study addresses the issue of predicting and managing these conflicts in the Longaví River Basin, Chile, by considering the intricate interactions between hydrological, social, and economic factors. A socio-hydrological agent-based model (SHABM) was developed, integrating hydrological, economic, and behavioral data. The methodology combined fieldwork with computational modeling, characterizing three types of agents (selfish, neutral, and cooperative) and simulating scenarios with varying levels of water availability and oversight across three water user organizations (WUOs). The key findings revealed that (1) selfish agents are more likely to disregard irrigation schedules under conditions of scarcity and low supervision; (2) high supervision (90%) significantly reduces conflicts; (3) water scarcity exacerbates non-cooperative behaviors; (4) high-risk conflict areas can be identified; and (5) behavioral patterns stabilize after the third year of simulation. This work demonstrates the potential of SHABM as a decision-making tool in water management, enabling the proactive identification of conflict-prone areas and the evaluation of management strategies.

Climate-readiness of fishery management procedures with application to the southeast US Atlantic

Abstract Global climate change threatens the assumption of stationarity inherent in many fisheries management decisions. This heightens the importance of developing management strategies that are robust to future uncertainty. Management strategy evaluation (MSE) is a framework in which management procedures (MPs) can be developed and tested using closed-loop simulation. We explored the performance of various model-based and empirical MPs with nonstationary future projections for three commercially and recreationally important fish stocks in the southeast US Atlantic. Using openMSE, we tested candidate MP performance across projections designed to emulate plausible future conditions, including regime shifts, nonstationarity, and observation error shifts in the survey index. Candidate MP performance was primarily measured based on its ability to maintain a healthy stock biomass. Results of this MSE demonstrate that several empirical MPs may be better able to adapt to regime shifts and nonstationary dynamics compared to traditional model-based MPs that employ full age-structured stock assessments, though empirical MPs struggle to maintain stock biomass when facing artificial index observation error shifts. Relative performance of model-based versus empirical MPs varied by stock and climate-change scenario. These findings highlight the value that adaptive MPs may hold for climate-ready fisheries management.

Accounting for Salmon Body Size Declines in Fishery Management Can Reduce Conservation Risks

ABSTRACTChanges in population demographic structure can have tangible but unknown effects on management effectiveness. Fishery management of Pacific salmon is often informed by estimates of the number of spawners expected to produce maximum sustainable yield (SMSY), implicitly assuming that reproductive output per spawner does not change over time. However, many salmon populations have experienced long‐term trends in age, sex and length compositions that have resulted in smaller body sizes of mature fish. We present an empirically based simulation approach for evaluating management implications of declining reproductive output resulting from shifting demographics. We simulated populations with or without demographic trends, selective or unselective harvests, and harvest policies based on assessment methods that did or did not account explicitly for demographic trends when estimating SMSY. A management strategy evaluation showed reduced expected harvests and run sizes when populations exhibited negative demographic trends. Reduced abundances and increased conservation risks (higher probability of falling below an abundance threshold) could be partially mitigated by using stock‐recruitment analyses based on total egg mass instead of spawner abundance, or via precautionary management where target escapements were higher than SMSY, especially in fisheries that selectively removed large fish. Explicit accounting of demographic trends in stock‐recruit analyses resulted in up to 25% higher run sizes and up to 20% lower conservation risks compared to traditional methods when trends toward smaller, younger and male‐biased runs were present in the population. Conservation of population demographic structure may be critical for sustaining productive fish populations and their benefits to ecosystems and people.

Evaluating Treatment and Management Strategies for Diarrhea and Typhoid Fever in Uganda

Diarrhea and typhoid fever remain significant public health challenges in Uganda, contributing to high morbidity and mortality, particularly among vulnerable populations. This review evaluates current treatment and management strategies for these diseases, focusing on standard protocols, rehydration therapy, and the escalating issue of antibiotic resistance. Diarrhea, primarily caused by infectious agents, accounts for a substantial portion of childhood morbidity and mortality, while typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi, poses severe health risks, particularly in urban areas with poor sanitation. Effective management relies on timely interventions, including rehydration therapy, which significantly reduces the risk of dehydration-related complications. However, the emergence of antibiotic resistance complicates treatment efficacy, necessitating ongoing evaluation and adaptation of management strategies. This review highlights the importance of integrated public health approaches that combine treatment, prevention, and community education to address the interplay of these diseases in Uganda. Key recommendations include the exploration of novel treatment modalities, robust surveillance of resistance patterns, and understanding the impact of climate change on disease incidence. Keywords: Diarrhea, Typhoid fever, Uganda, Public health, Rehydration therapy, Antibiotic resistance.

Exploring an Understanding of Menarche and Its Challenges Among Primary School Girls in Tanzania

This study examines the understanding and challenges of menarche among primary school girls in Tanzania, addressing three key objectives: assessing awareness of menarche and its associated challenges, evaluating management strategies, and determining the impact of menstrual disorders on academic performance. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach with questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, data were collected from four primary schools involving 60 female pupils from standards five to seven and four matron teachers. Findings reveal that while 51.7% of pupils have some understanding of menstruation, nearly 50% remain uninformed, especially in lower grades. The study also shows that menstruation onset is a significant developmental milestone, with 85% of Standard Seven pupils menstruating compared to 25% in Standard Five. Challenges such as stomach pains, lack of appetite, and inadequate access to sanitary products were also reported by 45% of students. Infrastructural deficits, including a lack of private changing rooms and proper disposal systems, were further reported to hinder effective menstrual management. Additionally, traditional practices for managing menstrual pain were reported, highlighting the need for integrating professional medical advice. Furthermore, menstrual challenges led to absenteeism, decreased concentration, and reduced confidence among girls, which directly affected their educational outcomes and exacerbated gender disparities in education. Based on these findings, the study advocates for early menstrual education, improved school infrastructure, and comprehensive support systems to enhance girls’ well-being and academic success, presenting menstruation as a socio-educational issue that requires a holistic, integrated approach from all stakeholders.

Improving morbidity and mortality in patients with pulmonary hypertension: insights from a nation-wide registry

Abstract Background and aims In this retrospective analysis of a nation-wide registry on pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), group IV and V, we evaluated management strategies, morbidity and mortality across three consecutive time periods. Methods This study included 903 patients enrolled from 24 cardiology centers participating in the RegiStry on clInical outcoMe and sUrvival in pulmonaRy hypertension Groups (SIMURG II). Patients were divided into three enrollment periods: before 2016, the era of monotherapy or sequential combination therapies; between 2016 and 2019, post-approval and re-imbursement of macitentan in our country, marking a shift towards more proactive sequential combinations; and after 2019, signifying the initiation of earlier sequential combinations with selexipag in PAH. ESC/ERS 2022, COMPERA 2.0 and REVEAL lite 2 models were used for risk predictions. Composite endpoint (CEP) definitions were adopted from the SERAPHIN and GRIPHON trials. Results Age (mean +SD) was 51.27 + 21.37 years, and 72 % were female. Incident cases were noted in 65.9 % of patients. Idiopathic PAH (IPAH), PAH-associated with congenital heart diseases (CHD-PAH), PAH-associated with connective tissue diseases (CTD-PAH), porto-PAH, Group IV and V pulmonary hypertension (PH) were documented in 33 %, 33.5 %, 12 %, 1.6 %, 20 % and 1.7 % of patients, respectively. Background mono and dual targeted combinations, and sequential triple combinations were noted in 17 %, 57 % and 26 % of patients, respectively. Baseline low-, intermediate-, and high-risk were noted in 1.2 %, 14.1 %, and 84.7 %, respectively. Median follow-up time (day) was 867 (412-1667). Overall rates of mortality and CEP were 26 % and 39%, respectively. There were increases in the % of PAH and group IV PH, and decreases in the % of CHD-PAH across the three periods. Prevalent versus incident cases were associated signifinatly lower mortality and CEP ( p=0.028 and p=0.024, respectively). Outcomes for mortality and CEP were predicted by three risk models (p<0.0001 for all). Mortality and CEP rates were 31 % and 44 % in IPAH, 20 % and 39 % in CHD-PAH, 31 % and 43 % in CTD-PAH, and 25 % and 30 % in group IV patients, respectively. In overall PH population, rates of mortality and CEP documented at 1st, 2nd and 3rd periods were 64 % and 67 %, 29 % and 31 %, and 3.5 % and 5.1 %, respectively (p< 0.001, for all). Mortality rates for 1st, 2nd and 3rd periods were 49 %, 39 % and 11 % in IPAH, 62 %, 33 % and 5.3 % in CHD-PAH, 47 %, 45 % and 7.7 in CTD-PAH, and 37 %, 52 % and 11 % in group IV, respectively (p< 0.001, for all). However, mortality curves showed sudden increases in 2020 that might be attributed to COVID-19. Conclusions Our nation-wide data revealed improving survival in the overall PH population, PAH and Group IV PH that might be associated with risk-based earlier targeted combination strategies. However, this trend seems to be counterbalanced with COVID-19 pandemic.

Evaluation of flood hazard vulnerabilities and innovative management strategies in Afghanistan’s central region

Evaluation of flood hazard vulnerabilities and innovative management strategies in Afghanistan’s central region

Prevalence, Clinical Manifestations, and Adverse Outcomes of Left Ventricular Noncompaction in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is recognized within the spectrum of adult cardiomyopathies for its unique pathophysiologic features and clinical challenges. This condition exhibits a wide range of clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic states to severe cardiovascular complications, making its diagnosis and management challenging. This study aimed to synthesize current data on the prevalence, diagnostic methods, clinical outcomes, and treatment efficacy of LVNC in adults to address gaps in understanding and management strategies. A systematic review and meta-analysis of research from 2000 to March 2024 was conducted, focusing on studies involving adults diagnosed with LVNC. This approach aimed to collect data on the prevalence of LVNC, the diagnostic accuracy of different imaging modalities, clinical manifestations, and the impact of different treatment strategies. The study showed a prevalence of LVNC of 0.5%, with cardiovascular magnetic resonance outperforming echocardiography in diagnosis with a detection rate of 1.3%. Mortality and heart transplantation rates were 12% and 7%, respectively. Significant predictors of adverse outcomes included New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV, ventricular tachycardia, and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), guiding a nuanced approach in tailoring therapeutic strategies to optimize patient care and outcomes. This study advances the understanding of LVNC by refining diagnostic criteria and evaluating management strategies, highlighting the superiority of cardiovascular magnetic resonance. It identifies predictors of adverse outcomes and assesses treatment efficacy, urging precision in diagnosis and tailored treatments. Its comprehensive analysis and methodological rigor make it a key resource advocating a multidisciplinary approach to improve patient outcomes in LVNC.

Characterisation and simulated evaluation of electricity management strategies for Prosumers, Prosumagers, and other end-users

ABSTRACT Distributed photovoltaic generation has been raised as a dependable electricity substitute for implementing a decarbonised energy transition. The dynamics of PV systems with battery storage have led to new electricity end-user classifications that select their electricity systems and resources wisely, i.e. Prosumers and Prosumagers. This work presents a technical and economic assessment to analyse the effect of decision-making independent end-users and electricity management strategies through a novel time-discrete deterministic simulation model. The end-user's choice of battery storage technology and their approach to electricity management emerge as pivotal factors influencing their strategic decisions. Adopting a prosumer strategy, such as storing and selling surplus self-production, reduces the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), benefiting the end-user economically. Notably, the most effective battery storage technology may only sometimes be the one that is most readily available in the market. These findings enhance our understanding of novel end-user types and underscore the practical implications of their evolutionary shift towards independence.

Synthesising a network of evidence on a seabird bycatch mitigation measure

AbstractRobust estimates of the relative efficacies of alternative management interventions are essential for developing evidence‐informed fisheries bycatch policy. Bycatch is a major threat to the conservation of albatrosses and other pelagic seabirds. Branchline weighting is one approach prescribed by regional fisheries management organisations and the Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels to reduce seabird bycatch in pelagic longline fisheries. We used a Bayesian multilevel network meta‐regression modelling approach to conduct the first synthesis of available evidence to assess the relative efficacies at mitigating seabird bycatch of alternative pelagic longline weighting designs. Unlike conventional pairwise meta‐analysis, network meta‐analysis enables the simultaneous comparison of multiple interventions within a coherent modelling framework. There was a > 97% probability that all weighting designs significantly reduced seabird bycatch compared to a reference design with no weight within 5 m of the hook. Nonetheless, some weighting designs were significantly more effective at reducing seabird bycatch than others—for instance, the 2 designs with weights >60 g and >1 m from the hook performed the best with >93% probability that those 2 designs performed significantly better than 2 more commonly used designs with less weight but attached closer to the hook. These two best performing designs reduced seabird bycatch by ca 89% relative to the reference design. These relative efficacies and rankings, when combined with other performance criteria such as costs to commercial viability and crew safety, support robust evaluations of alternative bycatch management strategies.

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES: ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION

In this article, based on the latest literature sources, such an important issue of management theory and practice as the analysis and evaluation of human resource management strategies is investigated. The main stages of the human resource management strategy analysis process that a company should go through to determine the compliance of the strategy with the expected results are considered: analysis, diagnosis, generalisation and recommendations, drawing up an action plan.,resource planning, costs and benefits. Two main human resource management strategies are presented: a general strategy, such as improving the quality of job performance, and a specific strategy dealing with various aspects of managing employees' skills and abilities: training, rewards, increasing motivation. Human resource management strategies such as: commitment-based, collaborative, paternalistic and traditional are analysed and evaluated.

ANALYSIS OF MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR EDUCATIONAL IMPROVEMENT (STUDY ON PRIVATE SCHOOLS IN THAILAND)

General Background: The efficacy of management strategies in enhancing educational outcomes has become increasingly critical, especially in the context of private schools. Specific Background: In Thailand, private schools face unique challenges that necessitate innovative approaches to curriculum development and educational quality. Knowledge Gap: Existing literature reveals limited empirical studies on the impact of curriculum innovation, technology integration, and business partnerships on private school performance in Thailand. Aims: This research aims to evaluate management strategies that improve performance in Thai private schools, with a specific focus on curriculum development and its role in elevating educational standards. Results: Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, including literature reviews, case studies, and cross-sectional primary data collected through observations and interviews with schools in Southern Thailand, the study identifies that relevant, innovative, and competency-based curricula are pivotal in enhancing educational quality. The integration of technology and establishment of business partnerships are also critical in preparing students for future challenges. Novelty: This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing empirical evidence on the effectiveness of these strategies in the Thai private school sector and by evaluating their impact through direct international community service initiatives. Implications: The findings suggest that sustainable and responsive curriculum development is essential for improving the competitiveness of private schools in Thailand, offering valuable insights for educational policy-makers and school administrators aiming to foster long-term educational improvements.