Management Of PCOS Research Articles

Comparison of Short-Term Structured Exercise in Non-Over Weight and Overweight Subjects with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is one of the most common female endocrinological disorder which is a complex multifaceted heterogeneous disorder affecting approximately 5%-10% of respondents of reproductive age, endocrine and metabolic function. The patients with PCOS have elevated triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein (LPL) cholesterol levels and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. Exercise combined Aerobic and Resistance exercise improves insulin sensitivity and glycaemic control, reduces abdominal fat in women and modified with diet is considered to be preferred as the first-line treatment for PCOS management with the primary goal to normalize serum androgen and to restore reproductive function. The aim of the study was to find the effect of comparison of short-term structured exercise in non-over weight and overweight subjects with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. This experimental study design with a total of 30 subjects were taken by simple random sampling method at Outpatient Physiotherapy Department, ACS Medial college and hospital, vellapanchavadi, chennai. The subjects included were those with secondary amenorrhoea, body hair growing on the chest, belly, face and around the nipples, decreased breast size irregular periods, male-like characteristics, enlargement of the clitoris, male-pattern baldness, acne, cysts on the ovaries, Overweight, skin tags, anxiety or depression, hoarseness of voice, dark or thick skin markings and creases around the armpits groin, neck and breasts, dandruff patches on skin on the neck, arm, breasts, thigh, pelvic pain, sleep apnea, age group with 18-25,unmarried women, BMI ranging between 18-25. The subjects excluded were those with diabetes, thyroid, adrenal or pituitary gland dysfunction obese women, undergoing medications, seizures, hypertension ,cardiac patients, psychological problems, fracture, Non co-operative patients, age group(<18 and >25),neurological problems ,low back ache, married women, pelvic inflammatory disease, urinary tract infection, recent abdominal surgery . The outcome measure is measured by (PCOSQ-50) questionnaire and BMI scale. Group-A consisted of Overweight subjects and Group-B consisted of Non-over weight subjects and both the groups received Aerobic and Resistance training along with dietary plans for 56 days with 3 sessions per week on consecutive days. The PCOSQ-50 questionnaire was used. Result On comparing the mean values of Group A and Group B among BMI and PCOSQ-50 Questionnaire Group A shows (23.16) and (100.91) which has the lower mean value of BMI and PCOS Q50 (100.9) is more effective than group B BMI (27.01) and PCOSQ-50 (109.8). Exercise along with dietary plan shows greater improvement among subjects in Group-A (Overweight) with polycystic ovarian syndrome than Group B.

MANAGEMENT OF GRANTHIBHUTA AARTAVA DUSHTI W.S.R. TO PCOD- A CASE REPORT

Poly Cystic Ovarian Disease is a heterogeneous multisystem endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age with the ovarian expression of various metabolic disturbances and clinical features like hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation, and obesity, resulting from insulin resistance and the compensatory hyperinsulinemia. Poly Cystic Ovarian Disease is a condition where cysts on the ovaries are present that prevent the ovaries from performing normally. On the basis of ultrasound evaluation there will be presence of peripherally tiny follicles. Clinically the PCOS can be understood based on assessment for Granthibhuta Aartava Dushti. (PCOS) can be correlated with Aartava Kshaya, Arajaska Yonivyapad, Lohitakshaya Yonivyapad, Shushka Yonivyapad and Shandhi Yonivyapad. PCOD affects 5-6 % women in childbearing age and is increasing due to change in lifestyle and stress. It is also becoming the common problem in adolescents. So, the man-agement of PCOD is very helpful when it is done by the way which doesn’t affect other hormonal levels and without any further complications. In Ayurveda there are some medications and treatment protocols which are very helpful to manage the PCOS in such a way that doesn’t affect the health of woman. Also, Ayurvedic management of PCOS gives relief in other features of disease like Obesity. So, here attempt has been made for the management of Granthibhuta Aartava Dushti w.s.r. to PCOD.

Effect of ethanolic seed extract of Caesalpinia bonducella on Mifepristone induced PCOS rats

Introduction and Aim: PCOS is a complicated endocrinopathy of women in reproductive age with unknown etiology causing ovulatory dysfunction and metabolic disturbances. The present study investigated the effects of ethanolic seed extract of Caesalpinia bonducella (ESECB) in a mifepristone model of polycystic ovarian syndrome, which has the same clinical and metabolic features as in PCOS women.
 Materials and Methods: A daily administration of mifepristone (4mg/kg b.w.) to female rats for 8 days induces PCOS by indicating persistent estrous cycle. PCOS induced rats were treated with ESECB 200mg and 400mg/kg b. w. per oral for 28 days and at the end, the weight of the body and reproductive organs were determined. Biochemical parameters were also estimated. Metformin was used as a standard drug.
 Results: A significant increase (p<0.01)in the weight of the body and reproductive organs as well as hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia were observed in the PCOS induced animals, which were reduced considerably in the ESECB drug treated animals. Among two concentrations the animals which received 400mg/kg b. w. of ESECB drug showed significant effect when comparable to the animals which received 200mg/kg b. w. of ESECB.
 Conclusion: Based on these observations the ethanolic seed extract of Caesalpinia bonducella (ESECB) can be used as a potential drug in the management of PCOS.

CHARACTERISTICS OF WOMEN WITH PCOS WHO UNDERGO ENDOMETRIAL BIOPSIES

In 2018, the International Evidence-Based Guidelines for the Assessment and Management of PCOS were released to integrate best practices for the diagnosis and treatment of PCOS. These guidelines do not include recommendations about endometrial biopsies for women with PCOS. Although patients with PCOS are at increased risk of endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma due to unopposed estrogen and oligomenorrhea, no clear guidelines for endometrial biopsy for women with PCOS exist. The objective of this study is to assess characteristics of patients with PCOS who undergo endometrial biopsies. Retrospective chart review A retrospective chart review of women ages 12-65 who were seen at a university hospital system in 2017 with an ICD code for PCOS were identified and demographic, clinical, laboratory, and ultrasound data were collected in REDCap Database. Patient characteristics were compared for women who did and did not undergo endometrial biopsy, and results of endometrial biopsies were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed with SAS 9.4 (Cary, NC) software with data analysis performed via t-test and Chi-square test, as appropriate, and a p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Of the 450 patients with PCOS identified, 51 patients had endometrial biopsies. Factors associated with having an endometrial biopsy performed were older age, diabetes, and irregular menses which were significantly different between the groups. Ethnicity, BMI, PCOS by updated guidelines, previous hormone treatment, and metformin use were not different between groups. Of the endometrial biopsies performed, 76% were benign, 20% had hyperplasia, and 2% had malignancy. Having diabetes, irregular menses, or older age increased the chance of endometrial biopsy being performed. As expected, a high percentage (22%) of patients with PCOS had endometrial hyperplasia or cancer on endometrial biopsy. Although most endometrial biopsies performed in our study were benign, future research is needed to establish clear guidelines for performing endometrial biopsies for women with PCOS since this group is at increased risk for endometrial hyperplasia and malignancy.

METFORMIN SHOULD BE RECOMMENDED FOR MORE PATIENTS WITH PCOS BASED ON UPDATED GUIDELINES

In 2018, the International Evidence-Based Guidelines for the Assessment and Management of PCOS were released to integrate best practices for the diagnosis and treatment of PCOS. Among these guidelines are updated recommendations for the use of metformin in patients with PCOS. These recommendations advise that patients with PCOS and BMI≥25, impaired glucose tolerance, and/or adolescents age <18 should take metformin to prevent metabolic sequelae of PCOS (1). Previously, metformin use was recommended for patients with PCOS who displayed evidence of glucose intolerance and/or hyperinsulinemia (2,3). The objective of this study was to evaluate patients with PCOS who are and should be taking metformin based on these updated recommendations. Retrospective chart review. A retrospective chart review of women ages 12-65 who were seen at a university system in 2017 with an ICD code for PCOS were identified and demographic, clinical, laboratory, and ultrasound data were collected in REDCap database. Forty-two women with a self-reported history of diabetes were eliminated to assess patients who were on metformin for PCOS. Patients with PCOS based on updated guidelines were identified with 2 out of 3 of the following criteria met 1) oligo or amenorrhea, 2) clinical and/or laboratory hyperandrogenism, 3) either ovary displaying ≥20 follicles between 2-9mm and/or volume > 10mL (1). It was determined whether the patients with PCOS based on new guidelines were currently taking metformin, and if they should be taking metformin based on updated recommendations as above. Patients with previously diagnosed PCOS were similarly analyzed, and it was determined if they should be taking metformin based on evidence of glucose intolerance and/or hyperinsulinemia. Statistical analysis was performed with SAS 9.4 (Cary, NC) software using Chi-square, and p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Significantly more women with PCOS by updated guidelines should be taking metformin than women with PCOS by previous guidelines. Using the old guidelines 12% of patients should be taking metformin which increased to 91% using the new guidelines (p<0.0001). Ninety-nine percent of patients who should be taking metformin by new guidelines meet criteria by BMI (Table 1). Based on updated guidelines, practitioners should prescribe metformin to more patients with PCOS, particularly those patients who are overweight and obese. Tabled 1PCOS, should be taking metformin (n=144)BMI ≥25142 (98.6%)Impaired glucose tolerance (A1c >5.7)22 (15.3%)Adolescence (age <18)17 (11.8%) Open table in a new tab

“Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Benefitted by Yoga.”

Now a days PCOS is one of the commonest problems of reproductive age caused by hormonal imbalance. Aims and Objects: To Study PCOS. To assess the effectiveness of Yoga in management of PCOS. To highlight the key messages. Conclusion : Weight reduction is main preventive and therapeutic potential to combat with this. It can be achieved by incorporating lifestyle modifications. Ayurveda dietary regime the wholesome food (Pathya Ahar) and Yoga interventions mentioned in Ayurveda literature are main key

Increased oxidative stress is associated with thiol/disulphide homeostasis in clomiphene citrate resistant polycystic ovary syndrome

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation CC resistant PCOS and the thiol/disulphide homeostasis, used as a marker of OS, by measuring that exchange using a novel technique. Sixty women patients admitted to the infertility clinic were evaluated. The patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 comprised 30 infertile PCOS patients with CC resistance; Group 2 was the control group comprising 30 infertile PCOS patients with CC sensitivity. Serum total thiol (p = .024), native thiol (p = .0052), disulphide (p = .003), index 1 (p = .001), index 2 (p = .001) and index 3 (p = .001), HOMA-IR (p < .001) and free testosterone (p < .001) were statistically significant. The independent variables BMI and age effects were adjusted according to the logistic regression method with groups. Significant differences were observed between the two groups in the levels of native thiol (p* = .0042), total thiol (p* = .024), disulphide (p* = .0003), index 1 (p* = .0001) index 2 (p*= .0001), index 3 (p* = .0001), HOMA-IR (p* = .0044), insulin (p*= .032) and free testosterone (p* = .0001) values. The thiol/disulphide homeostasis viewed in favour of OS. Like a reflection of OS in the follicular endocrine microenvironment may be linked with increased thiol/disulphide homeostasis, free testosterone, insulin and HOMA-IR levels. Impact statement What is already known about this subject? In previous studies, thiol/disulphide homeostasis was compared between PCOS and control groups. In this study, serum thiol/disulphide homeostasis was measured in infertile PCOS patients resistant to CC for the first time. What do the results of this study add? Disulphide concentrations were significantly higher in patients with CC resistant patients thanthe control group. This shows us that more OS occurs in the CC-resistant group. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and further research? Thiol/disulphide homeostasis will be a guide for PCOS management in patients with CC-resistant PCOS.

Depression in Girls With Obesity and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and/or Type 2 Diabetes

ObjectivesPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive/metabolic condition associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and depression in adult women. Depression in adults is related to PCOS dermatologic manifestations. Adolescents with obesity with or without T2D have elevated depression symptoms, but data from youth with PCOS and obesity with/without T2D are limited. MethodsOur study included girls, aged 11 to 17 years, with obesity and PCOS, PCOS+T2D or T2D, who were newly seen in an obesity complications clinic after March 2016. All participants had Center for Epidemiologic Studies—Depression (CES-D, 20 items) scores obtained within 6 months of PCOS or T2D diagnosis. Data on history of psychiatric diagnosis and treatment, metabolic syndrome and severity of acne and hirsutism were collected through chart review. ResultsOne hundred five girls (47 with PCOS, 14 with PCOS+T2D, 44 with T2D) had similar age (15±1.8 years) and body mass index z scores (2.2±0.4). CES-D scores ≥16, indicating elevated depression symptoms, and CES-D scores ≥24, indicating severe depression symptoms, were observed in 60% and 30% of girls with PCOS, 78% and 71% of those with PCOS+T2D and 39% and 21% of those with T2D, respectively (p<0.0001 for both cutpoints). A higher CES-D score was not associated with severity of hirsutism or acne (p>0.05 for both). ConclusionsAdolescents with PCOS and obesity have higher rates of elevated depression symptoms compared with girls with T2D, which is not related to worse dermatologic symptoms. Because depression may impact both PCOS and T2D management and adherence to therapy, greater efforts should be made to screen for and address mental health in adolescents with PCOS and obesity, especially if T2D is present.

Screening for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Effect of Health Education on its Awareness among Adolescents: A Pre-Post Study

Background: Polycystic ovariansyndrome is an endocrine disorder that can affect adolescent females.Screening and awarenessare important initial steps in PCOS management. Health education of the populationat risk is crucial to health-seeking behavior that can improve quality of life.Aim: Screening for features of PCOS and determining the effect of health-education on PCOS awarenessamong female university students.Method: This study was of a pre-post research design. The current study involved 900 childbearing agefemales, who were randomly selected from students of Zagazig University. Data were collected using astructured questionnaire. PCOS screening was based on anthropometric measurements, as well as Rotterdamcriteria. A structured lecture on PCOS was received by all participants.Results: The participants’ mean age was 19.01±0.7 years. Three-quarters of them had no information aboutPCOS. Less than one quarter of them were sufficiently aware of PCOS pre educational while 84.0% of themwere sufficiently aware after the educational program.Conclusion: The participants’ awareness were improved after PCOS structured educational program.Recommendation: Early screening and inclusion of PCOS in the student’s curriculum are thereforerecommended.

The effect of clomiphene citrate on oxidative stress parameters in polycystic ovarian syndrome

This study aimed to examine the possible association between the oxidative stress parameters and clomiphene citrate resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome. The demographic data, hormone profiles and oxidant and antioxidant values of 50 clomiphene citrate-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome patients (Group 1), 32 clomiphene citrate-sensitive polycystic ovary syndrome patients (Group 2) and 87 non-polycystic ovary syndrome patients (Group 3) were compared. The average age, follicle-stimulating hormone, oestradiol, thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin values of the three groups were found to be homogeneous. Ferroxidase, catalase and myeloperoxidase levels were determined to be lower in the clomiphene citrate-resistant group compared to clomiphene citrate-sensitive and non-polycystic ovary syndrome groups (p < .001). As a result, Polycystic ovary syndrome patients with clomiphene resistance had lower antioxidant (catalase and ferroxidase) levels compared to those who were sensitive to clomiphene and who did not have polycystic ovary syndrome. The myeloperoxidase levels also demonstrated the same trend, which might be due to a compensation mechanism. Impact Statement What is already known on this subject? In the literature, there are many studies evaluating the association between PCOS and oxidative stress. No research related to antioxidants in clomiphene citrate-sensitive and clomiphene citrate-resistant PCOS patients was found in the relevant literature. What do the results of this study add? In this study, the antioxidants catalase and ferroxidase were found to be lower in PCOS women compared to non-PCOS; however, they were the lowest in clomiphene citrate-resistant PCOS women. Interestingly, myeloperoxidase, which is a part of oxidative stress, was also found to be higher in the non-PCOS group. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? This study contributes to the literature because it is the first to compare the relation between CC and oxidant and antioxidant markers. These markers will be a guide for PCOS management in patients with CC-R.

A clinical study to evaluate the role of kuberaksha vati &amp; ashokarishta in the management of pcos

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is common endocrine disorder in which women struggle with imbalanced hormones leading to Infertility. most women with PCOS have many small Cyst on their Ovaries. the cyst are not harmful but leading to hormonal imbalance .The incidence of PCOS appears to rising in India day by day it is seen as many as 5% to 10% of women in their reproductive age .the incident is increasing may be due to change in lifestyle to more sedentary existence overtime , lack of physical exercise , stress, strain, high caloric food and indiscriminate dietary habit results in metabolic, endocrinal, reproductive disturbances, therefore women faces various problem related to reproductive disorder like irregular menstrual cycle, ovarian cyst, miscarriage, irritability, hair loss, acne, hirsutism, weight gain.&#x0D; To overcome through this problem Ayurveda suggests the very effective treatment. A 26 years old patient came in OPD of Streerog Prasutitantra Department on 10-05-2019 having compliant of obesity, menstrual irregularity, hirsutism, acne. she was treated by ayurvedic line of treatment i.e. Kuberaksha Vati &amp; Ashokarishta. Hence presented a case.

199. Design of a Survey Instrument to Evaluate Primary Care Provider Behavior in the Diagnosis and Management of PCOS in Adolescents

199. Design of a Survey Instrument to Evaluate Primary Care Provider Behavior in the Diagnosis and Management of PCOS in Adolescents

Ameliorative effects of selenium nanoparticles on letrozole induced polycystic ovarian syndrome in adult rats

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element playing vital role in the physiological processes. It was ignored as a therapeutic agent in the past, but in 1950s it was revealed that it must be obtained from diet as it cannot be produced by organisms. The present study was designed to investigate the anti-androgenic and metabolic effects of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on letrozole induced PCOS using female rats. All rats were administered orally with letrozole (1 mg/kg) in CMC (0.5%) for 36 days. Rats were provided with metformin (2 mg/kg), Se-I (250 mg/kg), Se-II (500 mg/kg), SeNPs-I (50 mg/kg) and SeNPs-II (100 mg/kg) for 15 days. On 37th day animals were sacrificed and biochemical tests, antioxidants and histopathological analysis were performed. The results of the current study depict the anti-androgenic potentials of Se and SeNP for the treatment of PCOS that can be a new drug in the management of PCOS.

Impact of white poisons in Management of Women with Pcos

Introduction: The Poly Cystic Ovaries Syndrome is considered to be most prevalent of all endocrine disorders which women face. It is the leading cause of Infertility in women of child bearing age. The purpose of our study was tocollect data on how many women had symptoms of this syndrome including hirsutism, amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea and oligomenorrhoea. Furthermore what was the ratio of women who were aware of this disorder was evaluated. Methods: Data was collected from Eighty eight women who were either seeking or imparting education in Rao’s college of pharmacy. A small portion of our subjects were educated house wives. Subjects were inquired through survey forms of above mentioned symptoms. Results: The collected data was then interpreted to find the prevalence of above mentioned symptoms and awareness about PCOS. 17% of 88 women had Acne &amp; Hirsutism. Regarding menstruation 18.1% had some sort of irregularity with hirsutism and 30.6% had menstrual irregularity with acne. 13.6% had acne, hirsutism and menstrual irregularity. 17.4% of women are till consuming the 5 white poisons out of 88 women. Discussion: The results show that the level of awareness about dietary white poisons in the study population is very low, even in the participants who are literates, in this study we concluded that dietary white poisons may play essential role in management of weight loss, and helps to reduce the symptoms which is very common in the PCOS. We have also observed that by avoiding &amp; replacing the white poisons such as refined rice, wheat, high sugar and salts and pasteurized milk, helps to regulate the biochemical hormones like Androgen and Progesterone which, abnormalities are very common in the PCOS. Hence we conclude that management of diet helps in the management of PCOS in the study population. Keywords: Ovaries Syndrome; Hirsutism; Oligomenorrhoea; Ultrasonography

Association between polycystic ovary syndrome and venous thromboembolism: A systematic review and meta-analysis

AimsPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is very prevalent and commonly treated with prothrombotic combined oral contraceptives (COC). Our aim was to systematically review the available evidence to evaluate the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) associated with PCOS, and whether observed increased risks may be explained by a higher prevalence of obesity and hormonal treatments. MethodFor this systematic review and meta-analysis, two authors independently searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and conference proceedings (ISTH, WHITH) from inception through 4.2019 for studies reporting the association of PCOS with VTE risk. Study quality was assessed and relative risk estimates were pooled through random effect models. ResultsWe identified 5 large observational studies published between 2004 and 2018, most commonly using administrative data, set in Denmark, the USA or the United Kingdom. Compared with participants without PCOS, participants with PCOS had greater risks of VTE in unadjusted analyses (pooled OR 1.70, 95%CI 1.42–2.04, I2 67%). In three studies reporting analyses adjusted for at least obesity and hormonal treatments, PCOS was still associated with greater risks of VTE (pooled OR 1.89, 95%CI 1.60–2.24, I2 27%). ConclusionsPCOS appears to be a risk factor for VTE, independently of its associated excess weight and greater use of combined oral contraceptives. This should be taken into account in the pharmacological management of PCOS.

Effects of resveratrol on VEGF & HIF1 genes expression in granulosa cells in the angiogenesis pathway and laboratory parameters of polycystic ovary syndrome: a triple-blind randomized clinical trial.

Management options for PCOS, as the most prevalent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, using natural supplements have a high priority for physicians, especially based on the etiological pathways. Therefore, this study was conducted to describe the effect of resveratrol on the angiogenesis pathway, for management of PCOS through assessing VEGF, HIF1 gene expression, and laboratory parameters. In this triple-blind RCT, PCOS was confirmed in ICSI candidates based on the Rotterdam criteria. Sixty-two patients that met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to two groups. All patients took resveratrol 800mg/day or placebo for 40days orally from the beginning of their previous menstruation cycle until the oocyte retrieval day. The serum levels of different hormones were measured, and the expression of HIF1 & VEGF genes was quantified by real-time PCR. As for the laboratory hormone assay in 61 PCOS patients, a significant mean difference was seen in the FSH, LH, TSH, and testosterone between the two groups (P < 0.05). The results showed a reduction in the expression of VEGF & HIF1 genes under the effect of resveratrol in the granulosa cells (P = 0.0001). The number of mature oocytes, cleavage rate, fertilization rate, and fertility rate were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05), but the high-quality oocyte rate and high-quality embryo rate were higher in the resveratrol group (P < 0.05). Based on the results, resveratrol may improve some outcomes of PCOS patients, probably through changing the serum levels of some sex hormones and expression of VEGF & HIF1 genes in the angiogenesis pathway of granulosa cells.

PCOS management

PCOS management

PCOS management

PCOS management

Proliferation of Ovarian Granulosa Cells in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Is Regulated by MicroRNA-24 by Targeting Wingless-Type Family Member 2B (WNT2B).

BackgroundPolycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder causing infertility among reproductive-age women. The molecular mechanisms underlying the development of PCOS are not well understood, and effective treatment options and therapeutic targets for PCOS are not available. This study was designed to investigate the role and therapeutic potential of miR-324 in PCOS.Material/MethodsWe used quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to assess expression. Cell viability was determined by [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) and annexin V/PI staining were performed to examine apoptosis. Western blot analysis was used to determine protein expression.ResultsResults showed that the expression of miR-324 was aberrantly and significantly downregulated in PCOS ovarian tissues and KGN ovarian granulosa cells. Nonetheless, ectopic expression of miR-324 expression inhibited the viability of KGN cells via induction of apoptotic cell death. In silico analysis showed Wingless-Type family member 2B (WNT2B) to be the target of miR-324, which was also validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay. We also found that the expression of WNT2B was upregulated in the KGN cells, and overexpression of miR-324 inhibited WNT2B expression. Similar to WNT2B overexpression, WNT2B silencing decreased the viability of the KGN. Furthermore, overexpression of WNTB2 in KGN partially reversed the growth-inhibitory effects of miR-324 overexpression.ConclusionsmiR-324 regulates the proliferation of KGN cells in PCOs and be essential in the management of PCOS.

GPPCOS: exploring women’s experience of the management of PCOS in general practice

BackgroundPolycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) affects up to one in five women, with the diagnosis and management mostly occurring in general practice. The condition can affect many parts of a woman’s physical and mental health. Recent evidence shows that women often experience a delay in diagnosis and that there is a high rate of underdiagnosis.AimTo research patients’ perspectives as to how PCOS is managed in general practice, whether it is being viewed as a ‘multisystem’ condition rather than just one of fertility, and how the long-term effects of the syndrome are being addressed.MethodA questionnaire was designed to investigate women’s experience of how PCOS is being diagnosed, treated, and managed in general practice, including consideration of its longer-term potential consequences. Women were signposted to the questionnaire through websites/social media of four charities/patient support networks and BBC Radio Leicester.ResultsIn total 333 women completed the questionnaire. Only 12% of women recalled having been told by a GP about the risk of developing diabetes and none recalled being told about endometrial hyperplasia. Although 74% felt PCOS had impacted on their mental health only 39% had discussed this with their GP. In 116 cases (35%) women did not recall their weight being addressed despite having a body mass index of ≥25.ConclusionPCOS appears not to be viewed as a chronic metabolic condition, with women not able to recall being told of their higher risks for comorbid conditions. Concurrent mental health problems are often not being addressed.