Management Of Economic Activities Research Articles

Internalization of Pancasila Values in High School Economic Learning in the Digital Era

Pancasila is the philosophy of life of the Indonesian people, which has never been swallowed up by the times. Therefore, the values of Pancasila are very important to be internalized by all Indonesian people so that what they do reflects the values of Pancasila. The efforts to internalize the values of Pancasila are through Economics education at the High School (SMA) level. Economic education in high school is reflected in the economic learning activities. This study aims to explain the importance of internalizing Pancasila values in high school economics learning in the digital age. The approach used in this research is a qualitative approach, by conducting a literature study (library research). The results and discussion of this study indicate that in the digital era, it is important to internalize the values of Pancasila in students through economic learning activities, so that they can become a strong fortress and life guide in dealing with any changes that occur in everyday life. The internalization process of Pancasila values is reflected in Economics learning activities, including 1) At the time of teaching, the teacher provides E-Learning guidelines based on Pancasila values in the field of Economics. 2) Teachers instill the values of Pancasila by providing examples of wise management of Economic activities and not destroying nature through visualization with sophisticated technology. 3) Giving group assignments in Economics learning that contains the values of Pancasila. 4) The teacher stimulates students to discuss when solving actual economic issues, both face-to-face and virtual (online). Keywords: internalization, Pancasila, economic learning, digital

ПРОИЗВОДСТВО ДЕРЕВЯННЫХ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ НА ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯХ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ ДРЕВЕСИНЫ КАК ЭЛЕМЕНТ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ УГОЛОВНО-ИСПОЛНИТЕЛЬНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ

The article presents a conceptual scheme for the production of glued wooden structures at logging and woodworking enterprises of the penal enforcement system, geographically located in different regions of Russia. Based on ISO 9000 standards and rational principles of production organization, the production process of glued wooden structures has been developed. The analysis of the advantages of business interaction with the production sector of the penal system, which showed the possibility of creating effective management of economic activity in this sector of the economy in terms of increasing its economic security.

Management of foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises in the context of stabilization of the national economy

The study is devoted to assessing the consequences of the war in Ukraine for the world trade in agricultural products and substantiating the peculiarities of managing the foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises of the country in the military and post-war periods in the context of stabilizing the national economy. Based on the analysis, the author identifies the critical components of the effects of the war in Ukraine on world agricultural trade, which are geographically specific and contextual. The impact of the aggressor country's actions on the territory of Ukraine on international trade and economic relations is determined. The spatial and commodity structure of Ukraine's trade integration relations in agricultural production in the pre-war and war periods is considered and studied. It is noted that despite Ukraine's small share in the total volume of world trade and production, the country's integration into international agricultural markets is quite significant. It is proved that the domestic agricultural sector is a powerful exporter of agricultural products for several items, including staple foods. Ukraine retained its place among the world's five most prominent exporters of agricultural products in 2022. The main products of domestic agricultural exports have traditionally been grains and oilseeds, various oils, residues of the food and processing industry, meat, and offal. It is substantiated that for stabilizing the national economy, it is necessary to modernize all sectors of the Ukrainian economy, including agriculture. It is necessary not only to rebuild them to pre-war levels but also to profoundly transform the country at all levels (macro, meso, and micro), from business models and technologies, infrastructure, and logistics to a radical overhaul of institutions. The main strategic goal was to maintain Ukraine's full membership in the EU. Keywords: Agri-food market, agricultural products, foreign economic activity management, agricultural enterprises, stabilization of the national economy, sustainable development paradigm, international trade, war in Ukraine, development.

Components of Public Policy in the Conditions of Implementation of the Mobilization Model of Economic Development

The article examines aspects of public policy formation with the aim of implementing the mobilization model of economic development. Threats and challenges to Ukraine’s national security under martial law indicate about the need for fundamental changes in approaches to the formation of the foundations of public policy aimed at a deep transformation of economic relations. Public policy can become a means of overcoming disputes in society and contribute to the establishment of an order that is recognized by all members of society. And the extent to which public policy takes care of the interests and needs of the common people, or defends transnational, oligarchic, state-bureaucratic, party, confessional, or any other corporate interests, will depend on the actual degree of its publicity and the effectiveness of confronting modern challenges and threats. The main concepts of ensuring the economic security of the state and accelerating its economic development are considered. For the effective functioning of the mobilization model of economic development, there is a need to centralize the state administration system with a strengthening of the role of planning, organization, regulation and control. Economic security is achieved in the presence of the necessary norms, appropriate public policy, an effective mechanism of state administration, effective institutions for the protection of the public interest, and coordination of the activities of political and public forces. The economy of the state should always be aimed at achieving specific social goals, the basis of which is a person, various components of his comprehensive development, his rights, the opportunity to live and work peacefully, cooperation and a fair system. The mobilization model of economic development is meant as an anti-crisis model of the economy, aimed at maximum protection of the state from various threats and challenges, which is based on a special system of public management of economic activity, which allows to ensure the fullest use and restoration of production factors. Only the state can carry out the necessary mobilization of the economy for the benefit of society, taking into account the interests of future generations. Business itself is not capable of this. The work raises the question of fundamental reform of economic relations, overcoming the consequences of economic degradation in the conditions of the arbitrariness of the colonial-oligarchic model of the economy, changing the vector of the country’s socio-economic development in the direction of ensuring economic, technological, digital, cultural and educational sovereignty. According to the results of these processes, not only the management system and the economy must change, people must change, the state itself must change.

EFFICIENCY OF THE CUSTOMS TAXATION SYSTEM AS A KEY COMPONENT OF UKRAINE'S FINANCIAL STABILITY IN THE CONTEXT OF WAR

The development of the customs taxation system in the course of the Russia's military aggression against Ukraine has acquired strategically important aspects since the first days of the declaration of martial law in Ukraine. The article is devoted to the current issues of customs taxation as the main direction of the multi-vector strategy of the state's foreign economic activity management. In times of war, the process of taxation becomes particularly relevant, which necessitates studying the issues, in particular, aspects of customs taxation under martial law on the territory of Ukraine. The subject of the study is the theoretical and methodological foundations and methods of implementation of the customs taxation system in Ukraine. The authors focus on the peculiarities of customs procedures in times of war and analyse the results of the State Customs Service of Ukraine in 2022. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the theoretical provisions of the customs taxation system in Ukraine under martial law, to analyse the activities of the State Customs Service of Ukraine in 2022 and to propose ways of its improvement. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, the following issues are considered and solved: an analysis of the activities of the State Customs Service of Ukraine is carried out, on the basis of which the system of customs payments for 2022 is characterised and ways of its improvement in the martial law are suggested. The study was conducted using the methods of comparison, abstraction, analysis and generalisation, as well as the method of structural research. As a result of the work carried out, the essence of the customs taxation system in ensuring the foreign economic activity of Ukraine, the constituent elements provided by the current legislation to be implemented by the customs authorities when goods cross the customs border of Ukraine were determined. Conclusions. Despite the steps already taken, the problem of customs taxation during wartime is still relevant. Reforming the practice of the entire taxation system and streamlining the implementation of customs procedures are the main tasks for Ukraine under martial law. Given the importance of foreign economic activity for Ukraine as a global market participant, it is advisable to mobilise all available potential and use it not only to overcome current problems, but also as a basis for post-war recovery. The simplification of customs procedures in the import process will greatly optimise the satisfaction of the needs of the entire country. This contribution was supported by the research work of the Department of Accounting and Taxation of the "Zaporizhzhia Polytechnic" National University, No. 0115U004682 "Transformation of Accounting, Analysis and Audit Methods in the Context of Integration Processes in Ukraine".

Mechanisms of Post-War Economic Recovery in Ukraine: The Role of the International Community

"The article is devoted to the analysis of possible mechanisms of economic recovery after the conflict in Ukraine, as well as the role of the international community in this process. The article examines financial and economic instruments that can be used to support economic recovery in Ukraine after the war international financial aid and investments. The authors claim that the effective use of these tools can contribute to a rapid and sustainable economic recovery in Ukraine. The article presented the methodology and results of the research of literary sources with the aim of substantiating and describing the management models of economic systems in the post-war period, considering the requirements for reconstruction. An analysis of the world experience of post-war reconstruction was carried out and differences between the situation in Ukraine and similar processes in Europe were determined. The advantages and disadvantages of management models of economic systems were studied, and the grouping of КРІ factors was carried out. The methods of economic and mathematical modeling were used to form the information and analytical support of the models. The methodology for calculating the integral coefficient of the assessment of the effectiveness of the economic system in the post-war period, which is formed by structuring the basic coefficients and weighting coefficients of the КРІ factors, has been developed. The proposed evaluation system is proposed as hypothetically possible for practical application, and to confirm the relevance and adequacy of the model and methodology, the calculation of the integral coefficient of evaluation of the effectiveness of the economic system in the post-war period by the regions of Ukraine was carried out. The results of the research were used to form a geographical map of the zoning of the regions of Ukraine that were most affected by the war and need support, investment, and recovery mechanisms. The study confirmed that the success of post-war reconstruction depends on the efficiency of the economic system and its ability to attract investment to create the conditions for development. The result of the research is the development of methodological recommendations for the optimization of economic activity management mechanisms during post-war recovery, which can be applied in КРІs is periods and adapted to a specific situation."

Methodological toolkit for economic diagnostics of marketing activities of a development company

New directions of marketing are associated with phenomena such as globalization, international cooperation, "internetization", accelerated development of technologies and means of communication. Development companies should identify the buyer as a person and focus more on the inner world of a person. This requires new approaches to marketing activities and management as a whole. The economies of the countries are closely interconnected and interdependent. Trade is conducted with the help of the Internet and mobile phones, through which information is transmitted instantly, which provides advantages for the consumer in terms of lowering prices, speeding up production and delivery of goods and services to the right place at the right time. However, there is a flip side – events or changes in situations in one country can spread and affect many other countries and create large-scale instability with unpredictable results.
 In conditions of competition and an unstable market, effective management of economic activity is achieved not only at the expense of external sources, but also at the expense of improving the internal structure. Establishment of control, reduction of production costs, search and retention of qualified personnel, improvement of service quality.
 Determining the main changes in the marketing environment should be the primary goal of managing the marketing activities of development enterprises, because interest and budget are affected by changes that occur in the surrounding environment. New forms of communication, means of information transmission, advertising, etc. appear. Customers are more informed, competitive advantages are short-lived, a new product can be quickly copied, the Internet and social networks create sources of information and new methods of sales. Marketing strategies that are recommended to development companies in times of uncertainty and fluctuations in the economy are: provision of the target consumer segment with necessary construction products; looking for an opportunity to increase the marketing budget and abandon ineffective programs.
 The basis of management of the marketing activities of development enterprises in the conditions of the modern market are the values of society, the satisfaction of the needs of buyers and the profitability of the enterprise.

FORMATION OF AN EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SUPPORT SYSTEM

The introduction of modern economic market relations in Ukraine has set society many important tasks, one of which is the search for new forms and methods of managing the production and sale of goods or services. Under these conditions, a complex, systematic approach to solving this or that economic problem becomes especially important. When developing a complex system of management of economic activity, it is advisable to use the experience of the organization of management, accumulated both in our country and abroad. In this regard, new information technologies based on the use of computer technology, distributed (decentralized) information processing, and economic-mathematical methods are of particular interest. Today, we are witnessing the global transformation of the entire earthly civilization - the transition from an industrial society to an information society. Until now, there is no clearly defined concept of optimal information provision of enterprises, the end product of which is the provision of services and the performance of certain tasks, that is, an intangible type of product. Therefore, the development of a defined system of information support of management bodies should be preceded by a deep analysis of both the economic activity of such an enterprise and the existing situation with information support. The scientific article describes the approaches of using MC Project and other modern programs for evaluating the effectiveness of business processes. It was found that Microsoft Project Standard is the main tool for project management, including for planning and forming project execution schedules. In combination with the Microsoft Project Server server, it allows you to organize collective work on the project in the scope of one working group. The availability of powerful tools makes it possible to flexibly adapt programs to automatically perform mass calculations, which depend both on the specifics of a specific area of accounting and on the peculiarities of the accounting policy of the enterprise. At the same time, the specified tools not only allow changing individual parameters, such as, for example, codes of accounts, subaccounts, analytical accounts, their names, tax rates, etc., but also allow you to describe and modify the rules for performing calculations quite completely. Proposed ways of improving the information support of management activities, which will allow to reveal its external and internal features and formation and use, determine its characteristics, which will allow to increase the efficiency of information support of management activities.

ПЕРЕДУМОВИ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ ЗОВНІШНЬОЕКОНОМІЧНОЮ ДІЯЛЬНІСТЮ ПРОМИСЛОВИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The article is devoted to the study of the prerequisites for the introduction of innovative management approaches for the foreign economic activity of industrial enterprises, taking into account the aggravation of the situation in the foreign economic processes of Ukraine due to military aggression, which fundamentally changed the economic space of the functioning of domestic enterprises. The authors stated that under the conditions of martial law, the management of foreign economic activities of enterprises requires special attention in the context of ensuring competitive exports and realization of opportunities for stable cooperation with international partners. The article defines the prerequisites that will form the foundation for the effective restoration of foreign economic activity of industrial enterprises using innovative approaches. The authors include the following as key prerequisites for innovative management of the foreign economic activity of industrial enterprises: a deep understanding of the current state of the world economy and trade trends, the ability of the enterprise to adapt to changes in foreign markets, the development of its own innovative capacities, the establishment of an effective system of communication and cooperation with all interested parties, including state bodies, business partners, customers and other structures. Particular attention in the article is devoted to highlighting the prerequisites for the implementation of innovative management of foreign economic activities of industrial enterprises, which include the development of innovative culture in the organization, analysis and forecasting of foreign markets, innovative technologies and processes, knowledge management and training, partnership and cooperation networks. The systematization of the prerequisites for the implementation of innovative management of foreign economic activity enabled the authors of the article to form a number of promising directions for updating the management systems of foreign economic activity of enterprises of the Ukrainian machine-building industry during the war and post-war period. Considered in the article, the prerequisites of innovative management of foreign economic activity of industrial enterprises provide an opportunity to determine further directions of transformation of foreign economic activity management systems with the necessary further detailing of innovative management methods.

Теоретичне обґрунтування особливостей формування та розвитку управління зовнішньоекономічною діяльністю підприємства

The article is aimed at theoretical substantiation of features of formation and development of management of foreign economic activity of enterprise. With the help of research of scientific works of contemporary scientists, the causes and advantages of the development of foreign economic activity, the main rules and principles of its implementation at the enterprise generally accepted by the legislation of Ukraine and society, were systematized. Further, the most important methods and measures for the formation of sustainable and effective development are defined. Successful implementation of foreign economic activity involves research and passing through the stages presented in the article. Enterprises that are not familiar with the basic principles of management often face the problem of organizing the management of foreign economic activity, because the presence of a quality product does not guarantee success in the international market. Of great importance is management that uses modern technologies and provides the ability to adapt to any conditions in order to achieve the best result. It is noted that it is important to select a qualified and experienced manager who is capable of constant improvement and of using the latest methods and technologies for the successful activities. Prospects for further research in this direction are the search for new management methods that help to adapt the enterprise to modern changes in the international market and strengthen competitiveness. Further development of foreign economic activity management opens up many opportunities and prospects and is a factor in supporting the economy of Ukraine.

Commercial activities of the enterprise: analysis and evaluation system

The article presents a structural model of the system of analysis and evaluation of the enterprise's commercial activity. The subject of the study is a set of theoretical and methodological principles and applied aspects of modeling the process of analysis and evaluation of the enterprise's commercial activity. The purpose of the work is to justify the structural model of analysis and evaluation of commercial activity on the example of a wholesale trade enterprise. The methodological basis of the article. To achieve the goal and solve the tasks set in the research, a complex of general scientific and applied research methods was used: the method of analysis and synthesis, modeling, analytical planning and forecasting, the rating method, economic and mathematical methods, statistical methods. Work results. The scientific-methodical principles and practical tools for organizing and conducting control, analysis and evaluation of commercial activity in the system of economic activity of enterprises have been summarized and systematized. A structural and logical model of the analysis and evaluation system of the enterprise's commercial activity has been developed. Based on the calculation of generalized indicators of the analysis and scenarios of the future development of the commercial activity of the wholesale trade enterprise, the conclusions and recommendations for increasing the efficiency of the commercial activity of this enterprise are substantiated. Field of application of results. The theoretical provisions presented in the article made it possible to formulate proposals of a scientific and practical nature regarding the application of the model of the system of analysis and evaluation of the commercial activity of enterprises in the process of optimizing their economic activity. Conclusions. The management of economic activity is inextricably linked with the system of commercial activity and with the system of its analysis and control, which makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of the commercial activity of the enterprise. The presented model of the system of analysis and assessment of commercial activity allows, on the basis of simple calculations, according to the proposed algorithm, to assess the state of commercial activity and directions for its optimization in the system of strategic planning and forecasting of enterprises.

(Invited) Progressive Involvement of Thin Film Technologies in Connected Objects to Meet New Societal Challenges

This presentation is part of a context of galloping evolution of digitalization of all societal areas. These concern the administrative and financial management of economic activities, the management of the production of all kinds of objects and systems in an industry 4.0 vision, or the control of the functioning of communication, transport, health, energy or security equipment, mainly.This invasion of digital systems and communication may appear as a progress in many societal applications, but this unprecedented development creates new limitations that must be quickly overcome. If from the users' point of view, the implemented technologies appear more and more simple thanks to their software, ergonomic and user-friendly aspects, the physical support of digital objects constitutes the foundation of all these sophisticated tools. It can be noted that the great majority of user-friendly devices in direct link with the users employ flat panel displays and many other microsystems. Any evolution or improvement of these “Physical Cyber Systems” tools is based on the innovation of microelectronic circuits and systems whether they are integrated, large area or hybrid.Limitations appear in different forms, whether they are of a scientific, technical and technological origin, or also of a human origin, particularly with regard to the nature and the pool of skills, know-how, and innovation capabilities.This talk highlights the future challenges related to the exponential development of connected objects, sensors, the Internet of Things and the exploitation of transmitted and stored data. Indeed, globally, the total number of sensors and actuators grows by a factor of 2 in less than 2 years, the number of connected objects by a factor of 2 every 4 years, and the number of bytes transferred annually by a factor of 2 every 2 years, having reached the Zettabytes in 2018 and expected to reach the Yottabytes in 2030 (1024). Knowing that in a complete chain of data transfer about 50% of the equivalent consumption is spent by data centers, 30% by transmissions at all levels and 20% by industrial, professional or individual users, the effective power consumption is also growing exponentially, in practice by a factor of 2 every 4 years, despite the current permanent improvement of microelectronic technologies. In 2030, the world electricity consumption due to digital technologies should reach the world electricity consumption of 2018, i.e. about 27,000 TWh without any major intervention on the hardware level! It is necessary to review the entire chain of integrated functions that are physically realized on the basis of microelectronic components, circuits and systems. It is therefore the field of microelectronics that will have to bring innovation to face the challenges.At the level of microelectronics, the fields of intervention will therefore be multiple. The first area concerns the elementary components, which must be even more integrated but which must above all consume less. For example, major efforts are currently being made on memories that could consume up to 1000 times less than silicon-based memories thanks to the use of thin metal and insulator films. The stacking of integrated components using thin-film processes also provides solutions for integration and low consumption. The second area aims at a more intensive use of hybrid technologies in sensors and actuators involving thin films and multidisciplinary approaches. The third area is related to the reduction of energy consumption by modifying circuit architectures, by controlling the switch-off of inactive functions (a ratio of 1000 is expected), by using new materials such as organics for displays, or by involving large-gap semiconductors for high-power devices allowing to significantly reduce their leakage currents and their on-resistances. The fourth area is more complex and concerns the reduction of the use of rare elements in technologies that very often involve very high consumption in connection with their extraction, purification and transport. Their use in very thin layers such as those transferred onto insulating substrates in SOI technologies could be a solution. The last area concerns the human factor. The level of knowledge and know-how must be increasingly high with more and more players. Currently, many companies worldwide complain about the lack of candidates for job offers and point out the jobs in shortage. The challenge in this case is transferred to the international scientific and educational community.After presenting the different challenges in this context, this talk highlights the different approaches to meet the challenges, emphasizing the potential interest of thin film technologies. It concludes with the human challenge, which is becoming a key point for the success of the digital extension at the global level.

PHILOSOPHICAL TRIANGLE OF CONTEXT OF CONTROLLING IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE ENTERPRISE

Controlling in today's conditions is considered as management of economic activity of the enterprise with use of modern innovative tools. Since classical management cannot be effective in conditions of uncertainty and crisis situations, controlling management must be permanent and anti-crisis. The all-encompassing nature of controlling is reflected in its connection to the various managerial aspects of the company, which are shown in the philosophical triangle. The company's general management policy has a direct mission to ensure the production, survival and development of the company as a result of its adaptation to the current external unpredictable and unpredictable environment, so it is the starting point of the entire technological network of controlling interdependencies between its socio-economic development.

Economic-mathematical methods and models in management of economic activity of agricultural enterprises

The paper summarizes the most common mathematical methods used in the analysis, planning, organization, and management of economic activities of agricultural enterprises. It is determined that mathematical methods in combination with qualitative, logical methods of analysis contribute to the correct assessment of production efficiency or assessment of individual economic phenomena. It is a set of methods that turns analysis into truly scientific means of production management. It is proved that the most important universal method of research of economic activity of the enterprise is the method of modeling and construction of mathematical model of economic object. The study of economic processes in agricultural enterprises with the help of economic and mathematical modeling allows to assess the level of efficiency of the enterprise for the past period and to predict the effect of the implementation of certain management measures. Particular attention is paid to the principle of classification of economic and mathematical models on various grounds used in agricultural production during management decisions. The optimization models which make the widest group of models are considered and are intended for a choice of an optimum variant which will provide the maximum efficiency of the enterprise. Different approaches to the choice of basic parameters for building models to determine the resource potential are presented. It is revealed that during modeling it is necessary to follow the system approach, considering not only separate components and their interrelations, but also all system as a whole. It is advisable to use a system of models of parameters, characteristics, condition, and behavior in the external environment of interconnected economic processes, taking into account the complex structure of the organization, which will increase the adequacy and accuracy of results obtained in management decisions by managers of agricultural enterprises. It is established that economic-mathematical modeling allows to effectively solve specific economic problems and practical problems in the field of enterprise management in order to minimize the negative economic consequences.

АГРОМАРКЕТИНГ ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ СІЛЬСЬКИХ ГРОМАД

Purpose. Substantiation of the importance of agromarketing as a tool for ensuring sustainable development of rural communities in order to increase the level of competitiveness of agricultural producers, improve the quality of life of rural population and achieve environmental safety in rural areas. Methodology. The analysis of theoretical foundations and practical use of agromarketing in the activities of agricultural producers is based on methods such as monographic, economic-statistical, graphic, systematization, systemstructural, scientific generalization. Results. It is proved that the value of agromarketing is a systematic study of the market, the identification of the latest technologies and to promote their introduction into production, to meet the needs of the consumer. It is noted that in order to enter the agricultural market of agricultural products it is necessary to meet the needs of the consumer by improving its quality and competitiveness and expanding the range. It is proposed to process agricultural products at the site of its production or cultivation to reduce the loss of raw materials, which will help to increase the profits of enterprises. It is proved that the use of principles, methods, and complex of agromarketing in the activities of agricultural producers will contribute to the expansion of the range and markets of agricultural products, the development of organic production, and the cultivation of niche crops. It is substantiated that the involvement of agromarketing tools in management of economic activity will allow ensuring the competitiveness of the industry, improving the quality of life of the rural population and rationally using, protecting and reproducing natural resources. Scientific novelty. The role of agromarketing in the activities of agricultural producers in the context of achieving sustainable development of rural communities is substantiated. Practical significance. The results of the study form a scientific and practical basis for the development of an agricultural enterprise strategy by strengthening its competitive advantages, which will help to form a positive image of the agricultural producer, the development of a brand that will identify the company and its products.

Mechanism of financial regulation of business entities foreign economic activity

Relevance of research topic. In modern conditions of globalization and strengthening the international integration processes, the enterprises foreign economic activity (FEA) acquires strategic importance for their further development. Formulation of the problem. Today, one of the problems facing business entities in their foreign economic activity is the lack of an effective mechanism for its financial regulation. Taking into account the leading role of financial and economic factors in the management of the foreign economic activity, such a mechanism would allow enterprises to implement effectively their foreign economic strategy and improve their competitive positions in the foreign markets. Analysis of recent research and publications. The problems of financial mechanisms and financial regulation are the subject of research in the professional scientific literature on the theory of finance. Certain issues related to the financial regulation of enterprises’ foreign economic activity are studied in scientific papers on foreign economic activity, financial management, foreign economic activity management, strategic management of the foreign economic activity. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. A thorough study must be conducted on the specifics of financial regulation of foreign economic activity at the level of business entities, as well as on the creation and functioning of a financial self-regulation mechanism in foreign economic activity. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. Developing a mechanism of financial regulation of business entities foreign economic activity, and studying its components, taking into account the peculiarities of financial regulation of foreign economic activity at the micro-level. Method or methodology for conducting research. System and structural approach, method of logical analysis, method of graphic analysis, method of comparison, method of structuring. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The paper substantiates the feasibility of creating a separate mechanism on the enterprises carrying out foreign economic activity, aimed at its financial regulation. Based on the analysis of the domestic legal framework and scientific research on foreign economic activity and enterprise finances, the features of financial regulation of business entities foreign economic activity are determined, which should be taken into account when building an appropriate mechanism. The mechanism of financial regulation of business entities foreign economic activity is developed and its components are investigated. The field of application of results. Scientific research of the problems of financial regulation of business entities foreign economic activity, the educational process (in the preparation of the relevant sections of textbooks and tutorials for courses "Finance", "Foreign economic activity"). Conclusions according to the article. When forming the mechanism of financial regulation of business entities foreign economic activity, the peculiarities of such a regulation at the business entities level should be taken into account. The structure of the mechanism of financial regulation of business entities foreign economic activity is built based on its belonging to the general mechanism of enterprise management, the mechanism of foreign economic activity management, the financial mechanism of enterprises, and the monetary-financial mechanism of foreign economic activity. The structure includes financial management of business entity foreign economic activity as a set of target, functional, providing, and management subsystems, as well as a subsystem of financial levers through which the influences on foreign economic activity are made, and a direct regulation subsystem. Along with the key role of state regulation, the enterprises’ managers must make and implement independent decisions, develop their own systems of financial regulation of foreign economic activity at the corporate level.

Оцінювання результативності управління зовнішньоекономічною діяльністю на основі цільових показників

The concepts of "effect", "efficiency" and "effectiveness" were considered. It is noted that efficiency is a broader concept because it does not take into account the achievement of individual results, in contrast to the concept of "effectiveness". The main key groups of indicators that are most often used in assessing the effectiveness of foreign economic activity management are presented. The main problems related to the evaluation of the effectiveness of foreign economic activity management were listed including lack of a clearly structured system of targets; inefficiency of the formed evaluation model procedure; a narrow range of target indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of foreign economic activity that does not allow a multifaceted assessment of the results of its implementation. Such disadvantages in the management system often lead to problems with the definition of priority areas of foreign economic activity, objective assessment of cost, setting relevant goals, etc. Based on the studies of both scientific sources and practitioners, using methods of comparison, generalization, questionnaires, etc., the stages of evaluating the effectiveness of foreign economic activity management are based on targets, which are combined in three blocks: preparatory, technological and analytical. The principles of evaluating the effectiveness of foreign economic activity management were proposed, such as objectivity, systematization, complexity, constructiveness, continuity. A system of indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of foreign economic activity management was recommended for import-oriented enterprises. And although the above list is known, but their systematic presentation allowed the management of enterprises to select the most appropriate indicators for them, through which they create quality management and effective management decisions for the development of foreign economic activity.

Peculiarities of foreign economic activity management of enterprises

Introduction. The paper is devoted to the problems of research of features and modern mechanisms of economic regulation of foreign economic activity of enterprises in Ukraine. The purpose of the paper is to improve the scientific and methodological basis for stimulating the development of foreign economic activity of enterprises and substantiation of the theoretical foundations of foreign economic activity of enterprises in order to further their development in the today's globalized world. Results. It is determined that one of the problems of foreign economic activity of enterprises is the problem of inefficient management system, lack of strategic and marketing approaches to enterprise management, and enterprises more often use the technique of short-term adaptation. An enterprise focused on the development of foreign economic activity should develop approaches to improve international marketing, especially in terms of making effective management decisions based on the processing of a significant amount of information data and assessing the factors of the international market environment. The main condition for the adaptation of enterprises to the rapidly changing external environment may be the formation of a system of strategic planning, which provides a more rational use of limited resources, promotes consistent development and implementation of management decisions, focuses on sustainable development in market conditions. The management staff should clearly formulate the principles of strategic research in order to intensify foreign trade in industrial enterprises, and most importantly – formed a marketing strategy for foreign trade. The main means of increasing the potential of foreign economic activity of enterprises are the formation of such economic conditions that would allow due to modernization of production to increase domestic production and services, introduce innovative technologies. Conclusion. In order to improve the foreign economic activity of Ukrainian enterprises, it is proposed to implement a policy aimed at increasing merchandise exports by introducing innovative developments to improve the quality of domestic products, which must meet international norms and standards necessary to create a sufficient level of competitiveness in domestic markets.

Instability of international trade and approaches to optimal regulation

International trade regulation is viewed as a key function of managing the flow of goods and services in international exchange. The study analyses the primary challenges in the development and regulation of global trade and establishes the avenues for counteracting structural distortions and imbalances in international exchange. The methodological framework of the research includes the concept of foreign economic activity management and international trade theory. Analysis, synthesis, as well as historical and logical methods were used. The empirical base covers data from world trade statistics in the context of bilateral trade flows between key countries participating in international exchange. The authors propose their own methodology which is based on a descriptive assessment of atypical changes in international trade and stress factors in its development under the influence of the crisis, and takes into account the reliability of participants in international exchange. We prove that economic globalization has a decisive effect on the formation of imbalances and risks of a rise in protectionism in cross border trade. As shown in the research, the COVID-19 pandemic has exerted a special influence on export-oriented countries and global supply chains, which makes the impact of the current crisis on international exchange unprecedentedly inclusive. The current rapid recovery of global trade does not imply it being sustainable in the medium and long term, since foreign trade regulation in the key countries remains uncertain and strained. The progress of world trade multilateral regulation was virtually destroyed, as evidenced by the resumption of the discriminatory measures practice between countries. Strategies for managing the crossborder movement of goods will depend on the depth and effectiveness of mega-regional trade agreements, as well as on the rebalancing of trade between the leading players -the United States and China.

STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL RISK MANAGEMENT OF TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES

The article is devoted to the study of theoretical and methodological aspects of strategic risk management of environmental risks of the transport enterprise. The urgency of the issue is due to the acceleration of changes in the external environment of economic activity of transport enterprises, which determines the need for adjustments to the management system. Strategic environmental risk management is currently the main direction for its effective management. Statistical data on the number of enterprises in the transport industry, the introduction of new fixed assets, the financial result of enterprises are given. The prerequisites for improving the risk management system of the transport enterprise, which is currently defined as one of the main tools for sustainable development of the enterprise. The need to take into account the trends of changing the prerequisites for risk management, which leads to the transformation of the system of strategic management of economic activity of the transport company to ensure the implementation of projects. The diagram of environmental risks in the context of the foresight approach of risk management of a transport company is presented. The definition of environmental risk is proposed to be carried out on three «horizons»: operational; tactical and strategic. It is proposed to determine the probability of environmental risk and losses from its occurrence using the formula for calculating the mathematical expectation from the PERT (Program Evaluation and Research Task) system. Management must understand the probabilities of risk and the results of its impact on the enterprise, its projects. This approach will provide: an understanding of the trend of risk change and, accordingly, will develop the necessary measures to respond to it; adjustment of risk management policy taking into account forecast risk values; identification of long-term prospects for environmental risk management. Forecasting environmental risk at the operational, tactical and strategic levels is a necessary element of the risk management system of the transport company.