Management Of Cultural Landscapes Research Articles

CULTURAL LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AT PLAOSAN TEMPLE

Objective: Law Number 11/2010 on cultural heritage mandates the importance of the protection, utilization, and maintenance of cultural heritage. However, the challenges of residential development and tourism-based development often threaten cultural heritage sites, both based on the condition of cultural heritage and the historical values therein. Therefore, geospatial-based protection is needed to protect these cultural heritage sites. The protection of cultural heritage is an interesting topic as it relates to the idea of development and cultural context. Disputes between tourism development and cultural site protection often occur due to unclear zoning boundaries and delineation of cultural heritage area protection. One of the temples that experienced tourism development is Plaosan Temple located in Bugisan Village, Prambanan District, Klaten Regency, Central Java. The purpose of this study is to look at the cultural heritage landscape and conservation for preservation and development at Plaosan Temple. Methods: The method used in Cultural Landscape Management and Environmental Protection at Plaosan Temple is a combined method between predictive model and zoning method. The process of cultural landscape management and environmental protection is carried out in a series: mapping Plaosan temple, determination of zones in Plaosan temple, validation of zones with experts, designation of cultural heritage zones. Results: The results of landscape management and environmental protection research are in the form of a predictive map of the Plaosan Temple cultural heritage site model and a map of the Plaosan Temple integrated zone system which aims to preserve and utilize the land around the plaosan temple so that the landscape and environment can be maintained.

Cultural landscapes in climate change: A framework for resilience in developing countries

Cultural landscapes, particularly cities with rich historical and cultural heritage, play a crucial role in bolstering the resilience of local communities. The occurrence of climate change-induced phenomena jeopardizes cultural landscapes, resulting in the deterioration of historical structures, natural landscapes, cultural heritage, the economy, and the livelihoods of residents in these areas. Therefore, adopting a resilient approach is essential for the integrated management of cultural landscapes. This study develops a model for enhancing cultural landscape resilience to climate change in Nishapur, a historical and cultural city in Iran. Through desk studies, factors affecting the resilience of cultural landscapes to climate change were extracted in the context of developing countries. Subsequently, a model was developed based on the frequency of the occurrence of dimensions and indicators. Snowball sampling was used to distribute questionnaires to 310 members of the academic and professional communities in the field. Next, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted using IBM SEM-AMOS to analyze the data and measure the reliability and validity of the model. The findings indicate that the driving factors of change, such as changes in livelihood and social issues, historical fabric and physical environment, natural hazards, biodiversity patterns, and management patterns, can significantly affect the resilience of cultural landscapes to climate change. The developed model can contribute to policymaking in various fields, including urban design and planning, economics, sociology, and cultural heritage conservation. This can play a vital role in creating cultural landscapes that are resilient to the increasing impacts of climate change.

Cultural landscape management in context: Local communities' perceptions under Jadar mineral extraction project in Serbia

In 2004, a new lithium-rich mineral, 'jadarite', was discovered in Serbia. In 2020, the government of Serbia and mining giant Rio Tinto announced a plan to extract lithium, which sparked massive environmental protests across the country. In this paper, we study perceptions of local communities towards Jadar mineral extraction project, which is planned in the zone of the cultural landscape ‘Tršić Tronoša’.We employed a household-level face-to-face survey, conceptually following the sustainable livelihood approach. Results shows that local communities anticipate negative changes in environmental quality, lifestyle, and activities such as agriculture and tourism, which are seen as vital for future development compatible with the cultural landscape conservation goals. Local communities perceive a bias towards private companies by the government authorities, driven by economic interests that, as seen by locals, may also be influenced by international political pressures. Other factors, such as lack of participatory approaches and non-transparent communication were also negatively perceived. We argue that mineral extraction planning in high biodiversity and cultural heritage areas is sensitive because local communities are strongly tied through historical activities and traditions to the landscape and are not willing to trade off their environment for the economic benefits that the mineral industry could bring.

Transcending Western and Eastern Understanding in Cultural Landscape Management: An Insight from Borobudur Temple

In recent decades, the dichotomy between Western and Eastern paradigms in heritage conservation management has been growing alongside the new interpretation of cultural landscape. However, this dichotomy seems inaccurate as it ignores the locality and historical context in which cultural heritage conservation management is implemented. This study used Borobudur Temple as a case study to show how Western and Eastern paradigms are complementary. This study will examine Borobudur's cultural heritage management development from a Western perspective emphasizing materiality to an Eastern perspective emphasizing social significance. Through literature review, this study found that conservation practices have changed to emphasize Borobudur's social and cultural importance to the indigenous community. In the beginning, the conservation practice that focused on a scientific approach was useful in reconstructing the architectural structure of the temple. Then, in recent times, the conservation management that values indigenous people’s spiritual, social, economic, and cultural ties to the Borobudur temple is considered more appropriate. This study enriches Indonesian cultural landscape management literature and shows how Western and Eastern views should be viewed as complementary rather than contradictory. It also prompts cultural geographers to consider more-than-human aspects of cultural heritage sites in conservation management.

Exploring Dumulmeori: Navigating the Intersection of Cultural Landscape, Ecotourism, and Sustainable Management

Exploring Dumulmeori: Navigating the Intersection of Cultural Landscape, Ecotourism, and Sustainable Management

Climate change risk reduction in cultural landscapes: Insights from Cinque Terre and Waterloo

The risks posed by climate change are becoming an increasingly significant threat to land use and the socio-ecological system of many cultural landscapes. Despite substantial efforts to assess the vulnerability of cultural landscapes, building climate change adaptation capacity through participatory and integrated approaches has received less attention in landscape planning studies. Here, we assert that strengthening local community participation in regional planning is needed to support the sustainable management of cultural landscapes in a changing climate. We first identify fundamental determinants that affect local community involvement in cultural heritage conservation practices. Then, we apply these principles to analyze the adaptation planning processes in the cultural landscapes of Cinque Terre (Italy) and the Region of Waterloo (Canada). The findings suggest that although local community engagement is essential for building climate adaptation in cultural landscapes, decision-makers need improved strategies to integrate climate change policies into regional plans.

Policy Recommendations for Integrating Resilience into the Management of Cultural Landscapes

The perspectives of resilience and cultural landscape share common interests in planning, managing, and protecting socio-ecological systems. Although the principles of the Yokohama, Hyogo, and Sendai frameworks may be used in a variety of geographical contexts due to their general design, the implementation of these frameworks in cultural landscapes is seldom discussed. Our theoretical research is the first step in an ongoing effort to explore how urban governance and policy may provide room for enhancing cultural heritage resilience against natural hazards. A meta-synthesis of international guidelines on cultural landscapes, resilience, and disaster risk reduction serves as the foundation for the research methodology used in this study. The research findings highlight that cultural landscapes must be managed with political, social, and economic support to stay resilient, and therefore, the first step towards this goal is to integrate cultural heritage into the disaster risk reduction plan at a national level. Furthermore, cultural landscapes need a bottom-up participatory framework and more internship opportunities to bring together the government, first responders, site managers, and the local community.

Tweets in the Peak: Twitter Analysis - the impact of Covid-19 on cultural landscapes

The Covid-19 pandemic had an unprecedented impact on society, with restrictions on socialising and movement during the three lockdown periods between March 2020 and March 2021 (Baker et al. 2021; Institute for Government Analysis 2021). Easily accessible locations offering the typical qualities of tourist destinations moved into the focus of day visitors in periods when restriction eased. The Peak District National Park (PDNP), a cultural landscape comprising historical places, natural beauty spots, and 'chocolate box' villages, offered a way of satisfying the urge to escape to the countryside. The impact was also felt in the heritage sector, with a noticeable change in visitor behaviour and the relationship between park residents and day tourists (Jones and McGinlay 2020; Sofaer et al. 2021). In order to understand societal change, social media research gives a unique insight into the sentiments, actions, and controversies associated with tourism, Covid-19, and nature conservation. In particular, the open and public nature of Twitter data offers itself for the analysis of large datasets based on specific search queries at specific time periods. For this research, tweets from the PDNP for three weekends in 2019 to 2021 with different restriction levels were collected. Using R and Python, automated processes allow the time-efficient analysis of qualitative information. This project has extended the standard procedures of social media analysis, such as keyword search and sentiment analysis by an emoji analysis and location entity recognition, focusing specifically on cultural and natural heritage. Using Twitter data in a time-efficient process and creating visually appealing outputs may foster an appreciation of the park's resources and positively influence the behaviour of visitors and residents. Going forward, improving the relationship between people and places will provide background for the management of cultural landscapes and help tackle environmental issues, such as peat erosion resulting from a large influx of walkers, address the climate change emergency, and help ease the controversial relationship between a living and working landscape and tourism.

Effect of agri-environment schemes (2007–2014) on groundwater quality; spatial analysis in Bavaria, Germany

Degradation of groundwater quality and contamination of drinking resources is one of the most widespread and harmful impacts of over-fertilisation in agriculture. As part of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), agri-environment schemes (AES) have as main objective the protection and management of the farm environment, including groundwater quality. In this article a spatial econometric model is applied to evaluate the impact of AES on groundwater nitrate concentrations. Bavaria, a federal state of Germany, is used as a case study, due to the findings of high nitrate concentrations in the groundwater. A significantly negative effect is found between AES expenditures focusing on grassland management and nitrogen concentrations, while AES focusing on crop management, organic farming and preservation of cultural landscape did not show a significant effect. The assessment of other factors such as cereals and forage showed a statistically positive effect on nitrate concentrations. However, loam soil texture, rainfall, and residential area were found to negatively affect nitrate concentrations.

Revealing patterns and connections in the historic landscape of the northern Apennines (Vetto, Italy)

ABSTRACT In the Northern Apennines, significant modifications to the characteristic historical features of landscapes have occurred since the 1950s as agriculture declined in importance and villages were progressively depopulated. Today, European policies are promoting the repopulation of these regions to help preserve the cultural identity of territories and reduce demographic pressure inurban areas. Such initiatives increase the need for cultural and natural landscape management to be better integrated using interdisciplinary approaches. Sustainable landscape management is a dynamic process involving the formulation of strategies to underpin the preservation of landscape heritage and foster local development based on the values and opportunities provided by landscapes themselves. This study uses landscape archaeology and spatial statistics to provide insights into which parts of the historic landscape retain the greatest time-depth and which parts reflect the more recent radical change, enabling an understanding which goes beyond the basic spatial relationships between landscape components.

Examining the Management and Utilization Policy of Cultural Landscapes in Village Settings: A Case Study of Hahoe Village in South Kore

Examining the Management and Utilization Policy of Cultural Landscapes in Village Settings: A Case Study of Hahoe Village in South Kore

Cultural landscape management through the application of environmental certifications

Environmental certifications are a tool that aims to measure and evaluate the environmental quality of buildings and their surroundings, with potential collaboration in urban planning. Among the various cultural landscapes that constitute the cities, the historical landscapes can report unique images of urban places, acting as testimonies of the past, which establish connections with the present and serve as reference for the construction of the future. Thus, the need to work the heritage field in sustainable urban management policies is demonstrated. Based on analytical research in the fields of environmental certification and cultural landscape, and documentary research on the Urban-Landscape Set on Avenida Köeler, in the Historic Center of Petrópolis/RJ, the possibility of certifying the set through AQUA/HQE - Neighborhoods was assessed. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of the environmental certification instrument with regard to the maintenance of historical and cultural values ​​and to the physical conservation of this complex. In addition to meeting the objectives and indicators, the opportunity to establish an urban management program to achieve with excellence the performance of high environmental quality is evident. This study also shows that when analyzing the certification guidelines, as far as the cultural dimension is concerned, a review is needed to better cover the heritage issue, to establish specific guidelines for the conservation of existing landscapes as an incentive to the preservation and promotion of urban quality for current and future generations.

Analyses of the Theoretical and Conceptual Frameworks for Tourism Development of Cultural Landscape

The exposure of the cultural landscape to tourism activities puts a lot of pressure on the common heritage of man with a possibility of the loss of the attractions to the landscape. This often happens because the necessary attention to the development of such fragile touristic sites are absent thus exposing them to stages of deterioration. This paper is a review of theoretical issues related to the development and sustainability of the cultural landscape. Through the review of literatures, previous models such as, General System Theory (Cuervo, 1967), Cultural landscape Management framework (2006), Diamond Model for sustainable tourism (2017), and The Ethical tourism model (2008), a conceptual framework for the sustainability of the cultural landscape was developed. The study, however, provides useful information for the development and conservation of a cultural landscape through a framework that can inform policy makers in the tourism industry. Keywords: Cultural Landscape; Framework; Models; Tourism Development; Sustainability. DOI: 10.7176/JTHS/59-02 Publication date: October 31 st 2021

Conservation Strategy for Palm Groves: Optimal Chemical Control Model for Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus

Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier, 1790) is an invasive pest species that constitutes one of the most important problems around the Mediterranean region and has been responsible for the loss of over 100,000 palm trees with an estimated annual cost of EUR several hundred million since its introduction into Europe. Methodological approaches of conservation ecology, such as multidisciplinary modelling, also apply in the management of cultural landscapes concerning ornamental plants, such as palm trees of the area. In this paper, we propose a dynamic model for the control of the red palm weevil, contributing in this way to the sustainability of an existing cultural landscape. The primary data set collected is a sample from the density-time function of a two-cohort pest population. This data set suggests a bimodal analytic description. If, from this data set, we calculate a sample from the accumulated density-time function (the integral of the density-time function), it displays a double sigmoid function (with two inflections). A good candidate for the analytical description of the latter is the sum of two logistic functions. As for the dynamic description of the process, a two-dimensional system of differential equations can be obtained, where the solution’s second component provides the analytical description of the original density-time function for the two-cohort population. Since the two-cohort waves appear in all three cycle stages, this reasoning applies to the subpopulations of larvae, pupae and adults. The model fitting is always performed using the SimFit package. On this basis, a mathematical model is proposed, which is sufficiently versatile to be of help in the control of this pest species in other geographical areas.

International initiatives of bridging the separation between nature and culture in cultural landscapes management and conservation

The article provides an overview of the most prominent initiatives aimed at overcoming of the separation between Nature in Culture and opposition between values they represent in the theory and practice of conservation and studying of complex heritage, the significance of which is stemming from the interaction of nature and culture. The paper traces back the origins of this separation and the significant steps in the evolution of the approach to understanding, conservation and management of cultural landscapes since they were introduced in the 1972 Convention as a special category for inscription on the World Heritage List. The observed initiatives are presented in chronological order of their conduction. The article outlines the interconnections between them as well as how the evolution of research methods and approaches to the heritage conservation and management was developed in course of their deployment.

Mapping floristic diversity: a case study in Sicily

This paper presents an operational methodology to map and analyze the floristic richness of “target species” in Natura 2000 sites, making use of G.I.S. tools and procedures. A Floristic diversity map (scale 1:50,000), covering an area of 612 km2, was produced by a team of experts as part of the management plans of “Madonie Mountains” Sites of Community Importance (SCIs), located in Sicily (Italy). The primary grid map represents the richness of “target species”, which include species of Community interests, taxa on the National Red List, endemic and threatened, species protected under International Conventions, taxa of phytogeographic importance. Secondary data frames include a three-dimensional map representing the number of species present in each cell, a coarser species richness distribution (scale 1:400,000) and a reference map of endemism rate in the Mediterranean area. Such a cartographic document has proven to be an effective tool in biodiversity conservation planning. Furthermore, the knowledge of floristic richness and distribution is not only important for the management of protected areas, but it is also important for the sustainable management of cultural landscapes.

Importance of soil science in the European Green Deal : Congress inauguration statement

This is the Congress inauguration statement of Professor Carmelo Dazzi (President of the European Society for Soil Conservation) to the international conference “Sustainable Management of Cultural Landscapes in the context of the European Green Deal”, held in Santo Stefano di Camastra (Sicily, Italy) jointly organized by the European Society for Soil Conservation and the European Ecocycles Society on November 9-14, 2021.

New, regenerative approaches to sustainability : Redefining ecosystem functions, environmental management, and heritage conservation

The international conference “Sustainable Management of Cultural Landscapes in the context of the European Green Deal”, held in Santo Stefano di Camastra (Sicily, Italy) on November 9-14, 2021. aimed to shed light on those environmental, social, economic, and cultural problems of interactions between humankind and its natural environment, which cannot be answered through one single discipline but only by applying a multidisciplinary system approach, built on applied Earth System Science intimately interwoven with social sciences, economics and heritage science. The structure of the Congress mirrored this concept since the overlapping areas of sessions encouraged interdisciplinary thinking and practical approach to the key issues of regional development such as ecosystem protection, green infrastructures, sustainable and multifunctional agriculture, circular economy, renewable energy, regeneration, and conservation of natural environments and conservation of cultural heritage.

Opportunities and precautions in the implementation of GIS-based analysis tools to cultural landscape restoration

Opportunities and precautions in the implementation of GIS-based analysis tools to cultural landscape restoration

Sustainable Management of Productive Cultural Landscapes: The Pascual Harriague Wineries in Salto as a Case Study

Sustainable Management of Productive Cultural Landscapes: The Pascual Harriague Wineries in Salto as a Case Study