Management Of Coastal Areas Research Articles

AKIBAT HUKUM PENERBITAN SURAT IZIN USAHA PERTAMBANGAN (IUP) PADA KEKAYAAN ALAM KEPULAUAN SANGIHE

Mining is a strategic sector that must be utilized by the government as well as possible. In accordance with the mandate contained in Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution, the government or the state is obliged to serve every citizen and resident to fulfill their basic needs in the context of public services and improving the welfare of the community. One of the public services that get a bad impression in the community is related to licensing services. At the beginning of 2021, there was a case phenomenon that became a polemic of debate among the community, government and environmental health observers. The phenomenon is that it is easy for the government to issue a mining business permit (IUP) decree to PT Tambang Mas Sangihe (TMS) which substantially violates Law Number 27 of 2007 concerning Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands as well as having a large potential to cause environmental damage because some of the the area that gets the mining permit is a protected forest which is home to several endemic animals and plants that are threatened with extinction. This study uses normative research methods to determine the legal consequences of the policy. The purpose of this study is to provide several points of consideration to the government in terms of re-evaluating the decree. The results of this study indicate that Decree Number 163.K/MB.04/DJB/2021 has legal consequences for re-evaluation because in addition to violating other laws, the decision has the potential to cause damage to the natural environment in the Sangihe Islands.
 Key Words: Mining, Licensing, Environment

A New Simple Procedure for Extracting Coastline from SAR Image Based on Low Pass Filter and Edge Detection Algorithm

This study proposes a new simple procedure for extracting coastline from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images by utilizing a low-pass filter and edge detection algorithm. The low-pass filter is used to improve the histogram of the pixel value of the SAR image. It provides better distribution of pixel value and makes it easy to separate between sea and land surfaces. This study provides the processing steps using open-source software, i.e., SNAP SAR processor and QGIS application. This procedure has been tested using dual polarization Sentinel-1 (10x10 meters resolution) and single polarization ALOS-2 (3x3 meters resolution) dataset. The results show that using Sentinel-1 with dual polarization (VH) provides a better result than single polarization (VV). In the ALOS-2 case, only single polarization (HH) is available. However, even using only HH polarization, ALOS-2 provides a good result. In terms of resolution, ALOS-2 provides a better coastline than Sentinel-1 data due to ALOS-2 has better resolution. This procedure is expected to be helpful to detect coastline changes and for coastal area management.

Application of the Concept of Community Based Natural Resource Management in the Exploitation of Small Islands Forest Resources in Maluku Province

Law No. 27 of 2007 on The Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands as a constitutional basis specifically regulates the management of small islands for various activities. But on the other side, the law does not specifically regulate the management of forest resources while exploitation activities carried out by forest utilization permit holders are more carried out on small islands in Maluku Province that have their own characteristics and vulnerabilities that cause various ecological, socio-cultural and economic problems. This article is a normative legal study that examines positive legal provisions, legal principles and legal doctrines using legal approaches and conceptual approaches related to the issues studied. The results showed that the basic principles of forest resource management based on the state through various policies and legislation proved to have caused various crises in the field of forestry that ultimately threaten the environment and the existence of indigenous legal communities on small islands. On that basis, it is necessary to change the concept of forestry development that focuses more on the forest resource management system based on the community or Communnity Based Natural Resource Management which aims to alleviate poverty, natural resource conservation and good governance that involves the community actively in every government policy in forest management.

Collaborative approach for coastal and marine spatial planning in Bangka Belitung Island Province

Amendments to Law no. 27 of 2007 became Law no. 1 of 2014 concerning the Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands has an impact on the coastal and marine spatial planning process in every region, including Bangka Belitung. This planning process requires stakeholder collaboration to carry out broader cross-sectoral coordination. Apart from being composed of more than 80% of the water area, the struggle for access and conflicts over the use of marine space also take place in a vertical and horizontal level. The dilemma of authority between levels of government and law enforcement authorities, as well as between local governments, communities, and state corporations, is a form of hierarchical conflict. Conflicts between governments at the street bureaucracy (Village) level and their citizens, or friction between pro and contra groups against marine mining are examples of horizontal conflicts. The complexity of this problem has demanded the government to be presented in a more powerful and most decisive position in the management of the coastal and marine areas of Bangka Belitung so that it does not drag on. Therefore, the government needs to formulate comprehensive resource optimization options in the coastal and marine zones. This study aims to map how a collaborative approach in coastal and marine spatial planning through Regional Regulation (Perda) Number 3 of 2020 concerning the Zoning Plan for Coastal Areas and Small Islands of the Bangka Belitung Islands Province. At least 3 dominant actors are involved and collaborate, namely the government, fishermen, and investors.

Coastal Area Management through the Eco blue Sea concept in the settlement of tribe Bajo, Torokeku Village

Coastal management is an important issue for most regions of the world. This is because the initial activities in the fisheries and marine sector began in this area, ranging from capture fisheries, aquaculture, processing of fishery products to marketing. But in reality the management of coastal areas is not optimal and evenly distributed, even though fishery and marine resources have high economic and ecological value, as happened in the coastal area of Torokeku Village. This study aims to determine the appropriate community development approach strategy through the eco blue sea concept in order to maintain fisheries and marine resources found in the coastal area of the Bajo tribal community in Torokeku Village, South Konawe Regency. The research was conducted using descriptive qualitative analysis method. Collecting data through direct survey techniques in the field. The results obtained show that community-based coastal area management by seeking the development of coastal communities can be carried out through structural and non-structural approaches, so that in order to maintain these resources, their management must be carried out in a planned and integrated manner and able to provide the greatest benefit to all stakeholders, especially coastal communities, and minimize impacts and conflicts that may potentially occur.

Local Wisdom in Sustainable Management of Marine Resources: A Case Study of Coastal Communities in Bone Regency

Coastal area is an important area to be preserved. Management of coastal areas can be done starting from planning and management must be integrated with socio-cultural, environmental and economic interests. The existence of local wisdom in the community in managing, maintaining and utilizing marine resources can be a filter for modernization that can have a negative impact on social and cultural life as well as the natural environment. The purpose of this paper is to examine and examine the perspective of local wisdom of coastal communities in managing a sustainable environment. The local wisdom of the coastal community of Panyula in sustainable environmental management and is still being carried out today, namely: Mabbaca Doang (Reading Prayers), Massappa Wettu Makanja No Ritasi e' (finding a good or right time to go down to the sea), Appakeng Parewa Tasi Mari Olo (use of traditional fishing gear), and Pemmali Lao No' Ritasi'e (abstinence when going out to sea). This local wisdom has a positive influence on the management, utilization, and sustainable development of marine resources. Where the local wisdom contains the rules or norms and culture of the community that are related and useful in efforts to preserve the sustainable coastal environment.

Adaptation strategy to coastal erosion by rural communities: Lessons learned from Ujunggebang village, Indramayu, West Java, Indonesia

Coastal hazard due to wave activity, in the form of coastal erosion, has long been a problem in the coastal area of Ujunggebang. Loss of coastal land in the coastal area has removed a lot of rice fields, settlements, and public facilities. Efforts to maintain the coastline along 3,300 m of the coastal area, by building coastal defense structures (CDS), have been carried out by the central government since 2006 but, until 2015, the CDS that has been built is still only around 1782 m long, in some places the structure is damaged due to wave activity, and in general the structure is not enough to prevent overtopping. Meanwhile, unprotected coastal segments with CDS have experienced significant erosion. The idea of land use change as an effort to adapt coastal hazards, which was conveyed through an idea socialization approach and through showing examples of coastal area management practices to villagers, gave birth to the idea of developing a coastal tourism area in the village as a complementary measure for the existing coastal defense structure. Although the main problem faced- coastal erosion- has not been resolved, the development of the tourism area has been recognized by the local government as successfully changing the life of the village community.

ANALISIS REKLAMASI VENUE DAYUNG DI TELUK YOUTEFA KOTA JAYAPURA

The coastal area is one of the potential resources. The coastal area has the meaning of a transitional area between land and sea. According to Law No. 27 of 2007 Article 34 concerning the management of coastal areas and small islands, reclamation of coastal areas and small islands is carried out in order to increase the benefits and / or added value of coastal areas and small islands in terms of technical, environmental and socio-economic aspects. a research method consists of procedures and techniques that need to be carried out in a study. In connection with the coastal reclamation carried out in Youtefa Bay, Jayapura City, which is in the context of completing the 2021 PON in Papua Province. Jayapura City is the capital city of Papua Province which will be used as one of the places for the implementation of PON 2021 in Papua Province, so that several sports suggestions have been built in the city of Jayapura, one of which is the Rowing Venue facility built in Youtefa Bay, Jayapura City, this arena sports branch This research was conducted in Youtefa Bay (Holtekamp), administratively in the area of Jayapura City, Entrop Village, South Jayapura District. This infrastructure development is considered very important for the community because it can indirectly increase the living capital of those who live around the area. There needs to be extensive reforestation of mangrove forests that have been logged.

Automated Coastline Extraction Using the Very High Resolution WorldView (WV) Satellite Imagery and Developed Coastline Extraction Tool (CET)

The accurate extraction of a coastline is necessary for various studies of coastal processes, as well as for the management and protection of coastal areas. Very high-resolution satellite imagery has great potential for coastline extraction; however, noises in spectral data can cause significant errors. Here, we present a newly developed Coastal Extraction Tool (CET) that overcomes such errors and allows accurate and time-efficient automated coastline extraction based on a combination of WorldView-2 (WV-2) multispectral imagery and stereo-pair-derived digital surface model (DSM). Coastline extraction is performed and tested on the Iž-Rava island group, situated within the Northern Dalmatian archipelago (Croatia). Extracted coastlines were compared to (a) coastlines extracted from state topographic map (1:25,000), and (b) coastline extracted by another available tool. The accuracy of the extracted coastline was validated with centimeter accuracy reference data acquired using a UAV system (Matrice 600 Pro + MicaSense RedEdge-MX). Within the study area, two small islets were detected that have not been mapped during the earlier coastline mapping efforts. CET proved to be a highly accurate coastline mapping technique that successfully overcomes spectral-induced errors. In future research, we are planning to integrate data obtained by UAVs infrared thermography (IRT) and in situ sensors, measuring sea and land surface temperatures (SST and LST), into the CET, given that this has shown promising results. Considering its accuracy and ease of use, we suggest that CET can be applied for automated coastline extraction in other large and indented coastal areas. Additionally, we suggest that CET could be applied in longitudinal geomorphological coastal erosion studies for the automated detection of spatio-temporal coastline displacement.

Capacity Strengthening Towards Application of Earth Observation Tools and Services to Enhancing Marine and Coastal Areas Management in West Africa

Capacity Strengthening Towards Application of Earth Observation Tools and Services to Enhancing Marine and Coastal Areas Management in West Africa

Protection of the rights of indigenous people in the archipelagic province in planning on management of coastal areas and small islands post of Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning job creation

The inconsistency of the state’s commitment to the protection of the archipelago’s indigenous people in the management of coastal areas and small islands has become more apparent since the passage of Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation. This research is normative legal research that analyzes the synchronization of legislation relating to the management of coastal resources and small islands that are responsive to the protection of indigenous people. The results show that (1) Recognition of indigenous people according to the Job Creation Law is placed on government legal politics in accordance with the provisions of the applicable legislation, showing the incompleteness of norms, which has implications for the weak position of indigenous people in managing coastal resources without recognition/determination as legal subjects. (2) Indigenous people who have received recognition/determination from the local government have the privilege of including the management area as part of the RZ WP3K and managing coastal resources and small islands in accordance with customary law, as long as it does not conflict with the applicable laws. As a result, the research’s recommendations are as follows: (1) Policy advocacy, encouraging acceleration of the legislative process for the Draft Law on Indigenous People and the Draft Law on Archipelagic Regions; and (2) Empowerment, support for capacity building of indigenous people to be critical and innovative in sustainable coastal and small island management through community development.

The impact of water resources management on the socio-economic and ecological aspects of the coastal area of Merauke-Indonesia

Natural resource management in coastal areas should have a sustainable impact on the socio-economic aspects of fishing communities, including fishing communities in Merauke, Papua-Indonesia. In a descriptive qualitative study conducted on fishing communities living in the Merauke area using observation techniques to see the impact of natural resource management on the welfare level of fishermen from the social, economic, and management aspects of mangrove forests that the social and economic conditions of fishermen are quite good, but income as a fisherman is only sufficient to meet primary needs, especially for local fishermen. Meanwhile, the management of mangrove forest resources as an important ecological part in coastal areas around the coast shows that there is a tendency to expand population settlements by utilizing mangrove forest areas as new residential areas that damage the natural ecology in coastal areas. We found that it is necessary to do alternative sources of livelihood that can guarantee sources of community income to improve the welfare of fishermen in coastal areas.

Offshore-onshore resistivity imaging of freshwater using a controlled-source electromagnetic method: A feasibility study

Coastal freshwater provides a water source for more than one billion people living in coastal regions. For sustainable groundwater management in coastal areas, an understanding of freshwater distribution is necessary. Freshwater distribution in a coastal area can extend across the shoreline and into the offshore region. Offshore-onshore mapping of freshwater helps us to gain a comprehensive understanding of the freshwater distribution in coastal areas. Resistivity imaging using electromagnetic methods has been used to reveal the freshwater distribution in coastal areas because electrical resistivity in these settings is primarily controlled by porosity and porewater salinity. We have considered a controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) method for offshore-onshore resistivity imaging of freshwater at a depth range of 0–500 m below the seafloor. Our CSEM method is novel in considering an array of onshore-offshore electromagnetic receivers with onshore electric dipole transmitters. We have conducted a feasibility study to investigate the ability of the CSEM method for offshore-onshore resistivity imaging of freshwater in a coastal area. The test results indicate that the method could image the resistivity distribution of freshwater located at a depth of 500 m below the seafloor. Our model study also indicates that the offshore-onshore CSEM method can detect offshore aquifers up to 5 km from the shoreline. These numerical test results imply that our CSEM method is a promising technique for offshore-onshore resistivity imaging of freshwater in coastal areas.

Strategy to improve economic condition of fishermen living in the coastal area in Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan

PurposeThis research aims to study the economic conditions of fishermen living in the coastal area of Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan.Design/methodology/approachThe method used is a descriptive analysis method supported by a participatory planning method. The importance of primary data is to understand deeply the real problems of fishermen in the field, collected by using a survey method such as field observations, in-depth interviews by gathering fishermen and related stakeholders in the area, undertaking forum group discussion, workshop and seminar. Secondary data are necessary to support the primary data analysis.FindingsThe results showed that there is an abundance of marine resources, but the economic condition of fishermen is far from expected. The income from fishing is not enough to feed their family's daily needs due to low catching productivity and raw fish selling price. The regency government and province do not have clear and concrete policies to resolve firmly and thoroughly the economic problems of fishermen living in the coastal areas.Research limitations/implicationsThis study succeeds in providing two breakthrough strategic policies to improve the economic conditions of fishermen, i.e. institutional and entrepreneurial innovations.Practical implicationsBoth strategic policies have a mutual relationship. Therefore, the implementations have to integrate with one another and be executed simultaneously in a single coastal area management system.Social implicationsBupati as a top policymaker in this region must take full responsibility for the successful implementation of these two strategic policies.Originality/valueProviding new ideas to solve the main problem of fishermen living in the coastal area in Indonesia.

Government Policy In Coastal Management And Small Island Muna Regency, Indonesia

Improving the management of coastal areas and small islands needs to have the support of the State of Indonesia as the world's maritime axis area because it has abundant fisheries and marine wealth. The study was conducted in Muna Regency in April-June 2021 with the determination of the location of purposive sampling in the archipelago. Research uses qualitative and quantitative approaches with data collection methods including observations, interviews and document studies using SWOT analysis. The results of the study showed the Muna Regency government in improving the management of coastal areas and small islands provides convenience and support both namely financial access, coaching, counseling and assistance for fishing communities.

Unravelling Lessonia trabeculata management in coastal areas of the Atacama region of northern Chile through a DPSIR approach: Insights for sustainable plans

Subtidal Lessonia trabeculata is one of the primary kelp resources of northern Chile. It is an ecosystem engineer that provides habitat, shelter, and food for invertebrates and fish. This fishery has been developed by a collection of stranded algae carried out by legally registered fishers and illegal collectors in open-access areas and management and exploitation areas for benthic resources. Due to the current high demand on the international market, the collection of dead plants is supplemented by direct extraction. In response, a management plan has been implemented to regulate extraction efforts and institute annual quotas. The dynamics of the L. trabeculata fishery in the Atacama region over 20years were evaluated using the conceptual framework of the driver-pressure-state-impact-response (DPSIR) approach. The fishing dynamics are strongly conditioned by price fluctuations, promoting the growth of fishing efforts (pressure) in response to economic indicators (driving forces). This often leads to a high volume of extractions of resources (impact) reflected in the increase in extractors and landings in spite of the establishment of quotas (responses), that generate intense pressure on local populations of algae and other commercially important fish and invertebrates (state). A lack of knowledge was detected regarding population aspects and its associated communities. Consequently, this kelp has been mismanaged without a specific focus on this species. Finally, the indicators included in the present DPSIR analysis enable a global understanding of the L. trabeculata fishery, and it should be considered as a basis for future studies and the implementation of resource management strategies.

Ecosystem-Based Marine Spatial Planning: An Approach to Marine and Coastal Area Management in Southernmost Brazil

One of the great challenges faced due to current human demands is to reconcile the conservation of the innumerable natural resources present in the marine realm with the intense development processes occurring in the coastal zones. The latter aspect includes Marine Spatial Planning (MSP), an important management tool created to establish a more rational organization of the use of marine and coastal areas, equalizing the demands of development with the need to protect these ecosystems. Some of the most important international organizations — the European Union, OSPAR, HELCOM/VASAB, and the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) — are encouraging MSP at a national level. Another efficient tool is Ecosystem-based Management (EBM), which allows a full arrangement of interactions within the marine realm and effectively integrates science and governance for the management of natural resources. This work aims to propose an integrated analysis methodology using an EBM approach that encompasses environmental variables and current and potential uses, contributing to the implementation of marine spatial planning for the inner continental shelf surrounding the Patos lagoon estuary. Datasets were used to produce the thematic maps, such as surface sedimentology, location of the ecologically important submerged features, occurrence of mineral resources and zoobenthic fauna, with trophic importance and/or endangered. A sedimentological map was initially drawn; it was possible to observe the predominance of fine sand sediments between the coastal zone and the 50 meter isobaths, together with some coarse and medium quartzose sand and shell gravel deposits. The identification of these sedimentological patterns is fundamental in the understanding of the benthic communities, in addition to creating subsidies for the conservation of species. The present study proposes the creation of zones for exclusive use and multiple-use based on the surveys and mapping of the environmental and socioeconomic features of the region.

MODEL STUKTURAL BERBASIS SISTIM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS DALAM PENGELOLAAN WILAYAH PESISIR SECARA BERKELANJUTAN

Geographical Information System-Based Structural Model in Sustainable Management of Coastal Areas which is the background is that the management of the coastal areas of Ambon City and Central Maluku Regency in the last 10-20 years has not been managed properly and sustainably so that various aspects of development do not work well causing various The problems include damage to the coastal physical environment, namely abrasion, erosion, and sedimentation, water damage due to pollution, damage to protective building infrastructure, coastal mitigation issues, declining quality of coastal environmental resources due to the increasing number of residents in coastal areas, causing the development of slum areas. coastal ecosystem. The purpose of the study is to determine the model and strategy for managing coastal areas in Ambon City and Central Maluku District in a sustainable manner. The method used in this research is the descriptive method. Primary data collection was carried out using a questionnaire for respondents from the community, expert respondents, community institutions, and policymakers. The analysis carried out is Sustainability Analysis with Multi Dimension Scale (MDS), geographic information system analysis, SEM structural analysis, Process Hierarchy analysis (AHP). The results of the sustainability analysis with MDS obtained the Multi-Dimensional Sustainability Index value of 50.13% is in the moderately sustainable category. The results of the SEM model analysis on the role of zoning and community roles in sustainable coastal area management is an acceptable “fit model”. The results of the AHP provide an overview of the assessment by policymakers in the implementation of the program, prioritizing the strategy for Management of Sustainable Coastal Area Management Based on Geographic Information Systems with an assessment score of 39.3%, with the largest presentation being “Coastal Area Arrangement in accordance with GIS-Based Zoning Laws” of 13, 6%.

Microwave Satellite Measurements for Coastal Area and Extreme Weather Monitoring

In this project report, the main outcomes relevant to the Sino-European Dragon-4 cooperation project ID 32235 “Microwave satellite measurements for coastal area and extreme weather monitoring” are reported. The project aimed at strengthening the Sino-European research cooperation in the exploitation of European Space Agency, Chinese and third-party mission Earth Observation (EO) microwave satellite data. The latter were exploited to perform an effective monitoring of coastal areas, even under extreme weather conditions. An integrated multifrequency/polarization approach based on complementary microwave sensors (e.g., Synthetic Aperture Radar, scatterometer, radiometer), together with ancillary information coming from independent sources, i.e., optical imagery, numerical simulations and ground measurements, was designed. In this framework, several tasks were addressed including marine target detection, sea pollution, sea surface wind estimation and coastline extraction/classification. The main outcomes are both theoretical (i.e., new models and algorithms were developed) and applicative (i.e., user-friendly maps were provided to the end-user community of coastal area management according to smart processing of remotely sensed data). The scientific relevance consists in the development of new algorithms, the effectiveness and robustness of which were verified on actual microwave measurements, and the improvement of existing methodologies to deal with challenging test cases.

Identification Of Problems And Models Of Coastal Area Management Labuhan Village Sumbawa, District Labuhan Badas, Sumbawa

The coastal area of Labuhan Sumbawa Village has strategic value for economic development and improving people's welfare, but is very vulnerable to damage due to the use of multifunctional space, so that coastal management is urgently needed that focuses on regional characteristics, by placing three pillars of sustainable development, namely ecology, economy, and social. This study aims to identify problems and models of coastal area management in Labuhan Sumbawa Village, Labuhan Badas District, Sumbawa. The research method used is descriptive research method. Data was collected by means of observation and semi-structured interviews. Accidental sampling technique and qualitative data analysis. The results showed that in the coastal area of the research location, identified: (1) Physical damage to the environment, including: a) Damage to ecosystems (ecosystems, coral reefs, seagrass beds, and beaches); b) Damage to fish resources; c) Pollution; d) Abrasion, sedimentation, and siltation; and d) Natural disasters (floods); (2) Socio-economic problems, including: a) The problem of poverty and the low level of education of the population; b) Limited funds in development; and c) Lack of understanding of the value of coastal area resources; (3) Institutional problems, including: a) The problem of conflict of authority, which can occur due to sectoral development; b) The problem of legal uncertainty. The coastal area management models that can be applied are: (1) traditional management; (2) community-based coastal area resource management; (3) Co-management, and; (4) Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management (EBFM). The conclusion of the study is that damage to coastal areas will have an impact on ecological, economic, and social conditions so that multi-stakeholder involvement is very important in sustainable coastal area management. Keywords: Ecology, economy, social, coastal, model