Management Of Coastal Areas Research Articles

MARINE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SOLUTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH NEW RURAL CONSTRUCTION PLANNING FOR COASTAL COMMUNES IN TRA VINH PROVINCE

In current context, the sea and ocean play particularly important roles in the sustainable economic development, national defense, security and foreign affairs,and international cooperation. Well-planning of sea spaces for interdisciplinary, interregional management of sea areas, islands and coastal areas aims to ensure the association of economic development in the early stage of the development process. This study reassesses the sea space planning in association with new rural (NR) construction planning at coastal communes of Tra Vinh Province. The study found that the construction of NR in the coastal communes was difficult to reach 19 criteria for NR. Up to now, Tra Vinh Province has 45/85 communes and 01 district reached the criteria of NR, 01 town completed the mission of building NR, the average number of criteria is 16.4/commune. The research results are useful for planners and managers to have wellplanning for NR coastal communes for soon achieve the province’s proposed criteria.

Identifying groundwater degradation sources in a Mediterranean coastal area experiencing significant multi-origin stresses

This study investigates the multiple contamination sources of a coastal Mediterranean aquifer in northeastern Algeria that is bordered by two rivers and neighboring densely populated areas. Hydrogeochemical and isotopic groundwater characterization is carried out, including the analyses of major elements, water stable isotopes δ2H-H2O and δ18O-H2O, and stable isotopes of nitrate δ15N-NO3 and δ18O-NO3, and then integrated into the history of land use over the study area. Groundwater nitrate concentrations ranging from 1.6 to 235 mg/L with a median value of 69 mg/L are evidence of the degradation of groundwater quality induced by anthropogenic sources. The combined of δ15N-NO3 and δ18O-NO3 ratios showed that nitrate in groundwater is attributable to (i) the uncontrolled development of inadequate private sanitation systems over the study area, and (ii) the unsafe application of animal manure to fertilize crops. Very active saltwater intrusion is confirmed by several hydrogeochemical indicators. Interestingly, the intrusion mechanism appears to be more complex than a direct intrusion from the Mediterranean Sea. During the high-water period, saltwater intrusion may also originate from the two rivers bordering the aquifer, via upstream migration of seawater through the river mouths. The heavier ratios in δ2H-H2O and δ18O-H2O of surface water collected from the rivers suggest that water from the Mediterranean Sea is mixing with water in the rivers. Multi-source contamination not only contributes to complex chemical reactions within the aquifer, but also contributes, via the cumulative effect of the various sources, to affecting large parts of the study area. The present study may serve as a warning to the effect that historical land-use practices may exert seriously deleterious impacts on groundwater quality and greatly limit conditions for the sustainable management of Mediterranean coastal areas.

Spatio-Temporal Assessment of Land Deformation as a Factor Contributing to Relative Sea Level Rise in Coastal Urban and Natural Protected Areas Using Multi-Source Earth Observation Data

The rise in sea level is expected to considerably aggravate the impact of coastal hazards in the coming years. Low-lying coastal urban centers, populated deltas, and coastal protected areas are key societal hotspots of coastal vulnerability in terms of relative sea level change. Land deformation on a local scale can significantly affect estimations, so it is necessary to understand the rhythm and spatial distribution of potential land subsidence/uplift in coastal areas. The present study deals with the determination of the relative vertical rates of the land deformation and the sea-surface height by using multi-source Earth observation—synthetic aperture radar (SAR), global navigation satellite system (GNSS), tide gauge, and altimetry data. To this end, the multi-temporal SAR interferometry (MT-InSAR) technique was used in order to exploit the most recent Copernicus Sentinel-1 data. The products were set to a reference frame by using GNSS measurements and were combined with a re-analysis model assimilating satellite altimetry data, obtained by the Copernicus Marine Service. Additional GNSS and tide gauge observations have been used for validation purposes. The proposed methodological approach has been implemented in three pilot cases: the city of Alexandroupolis in the Evros Delta region, the coastal zone of Thermaic Gulf, and the coastal area of Killini, Araxos (Patras Gulf) in the northwestern Peloponnese, which are Greek coastal areas with special characteristics. The present research provides localized relative sea-level estimations for the three case studies. Their variation is high, ranging from values close to zero, i.e., from 5–10 cm and 30 cm in 50 years for urban areas to values of 50–60 cm in 50 years for rural areas, close to the coast. The results of this research work can contribute to the effective management of coastal areas in the framework of adaptation and mitigation strategies attributed to climate change. Scaling up the proposed methodology to a continental level is required in order to overcome the existing lack of proper assessment of the relevant hazard in Europe.

Implications of ambiguity in Antarctic ice sheet dynamics for future coastal erosion estimates: a probabilistic assessment

Sea-level rise (SLR) can amplify the episodic erosion from storms and drive chronic erosion on sandy shorelines, threatening many coastal communities. One of the major uncertainties in SLR projections is the potential rapid disintegration of large fractions of the Antarctic ice sheet (AIS). Quantifying this uncertainty is essential to support sound risk management of coastal areas, although it is neglected in many erosion impact assessments. Here, we use the island of Sint Maarten as a case study to evaluate the impact of AIS uncertainty for future coastal recession. We estimate SLR-induced coastal recession using a probabilistic framework and compare and contrast three cases of AIS dynamics within the range of plausible futures. Results indicate that projections of coastal recession are sensitive to local morphological factors and assumptions made on how AIS dynamics are incorporated into SLR projections and that underestimating the potential rapid mass loss from the AIS can lead to ill-informed coastal adaptation decisions.

THE ROLE OF COASTAL COMMUNITIES ON CORAL REEF MANAGEMENT IN AREA OF EASTERN COASTAL WATER CONSERVATION WEH ISLAND

The role of coastal communities in the preservation of coral reefs is an important thing to supporting the sustainable management of coastal areas. This article is objected to determine the coastal communities’ role in the management of coral reefs in water conservation areas and the level of knowledge of the coastal communities about the importance of protecting coastal ecosystems. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires, direct interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and the results were elaborated based on descriptive analysis. The results showed that the community had begun to realize how important it is to protect coral reefs for the sustainability of fisheries and other benefits of coral reefs. Healthy reefs provide many benefits to people including improving the economy of the community and increasing tourists. Community awareness is shown by their participation in activities that lead to the conservation and management of coral reefs such as transplantation of coral reefs, beach cleaning, banner making, tree planting and provision of trash bins along the coast. Those who knew the benefits and functions of coral reefs both for increasing fish populations, increasing tourists and improving the economy of the community, as well as other benefits of coral reefs for the coastal areas, was 74.5%. The role of community in the aspects of coastal and marine ecosystems management was high, as many as 72% of the community participate in every coastal and marine ecosystem management activity carried out by the government and local NGOs.

Manajemen Ekosistem Pesisir Pulau-Pulau Kecil Untuk Ekowisata Berkelanjutan Di Pulau Saparua

Saparua as small island rich in coastal natural resources. Main coastal ecosystem are mangrove, seagrass beds, coral reefs and sandy beach. Coastal ecosystem also has an important role in ecotourism environment services to improve the communities economy and must be managed sustainably. This paper aimed to identifying potential small islands coastal areas as a tourist destination and planned management to sustainable ecotourism used SWOT analysis. Ecotourism was sustained in small islands can be conducted integrally through 14 management strategy to tourism industry which economic, social and environmental dimension. Ecotourism coastal area management of small islands should be done in coordination with the agrosilvofishery.

Performance and Applicability of Water Column Correction Models in Optically Complex Coastal Waters

Maps of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) are of primary importance for the sustainable management of coastal areas and serve as a basis for fundamental ecological studies. Various water column correction (WCC) models are successfully applied in clear Case-1 waters to compensate for the variable water depth effect. The performance of the WCC in less clear Case-2 waters is rarely assessed. In this study, the performance and applicability of model-based WCC algorithms in the complex Baltic Sea were analyzed. The bottom reflectance was retrieved from the Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI) water surface reflectance by applying the Maritorena and Lee WCC algorithms. The Maritorena model retrieved bottom spectra that showed large variations in reflectance magnitudes. The Lee model was more successful in retrieving reasonable spectral magnitudes, although only in a rather narrow wavelength region (550–600 nm). Shorter and longer spectral regions were significantly overcorrected, resulting in unrealistic spectral shapes. Sensitivity analysis indicated that slight under- or overestimation of water depth and water column constituents affect retrieval of correct bottom spectra in Case-2 waters. To assess the performance of WCC models in improving the SAV quantification, the surface reflectance, as well as the retrieved bottom reflectance, were correlated with the corresponding in situ estimated SAV percent cover (%SAV). Although the quality of the Lee WCC model was not considered high, the spectral region least affected by the input parameters variations (550–600 nm) can be used for the SAV quantification. Application of the Lee model provided better results in %SAV assessment than not performing the WCC correction.

Dual-Frequency Airborne SAR for Large Scale Mapping of Tidal Flats

Digital elevation models of tidal flats are a most valuable data source for the water management of coastal areas and need frequent updates to account for changes in sedimentation, erosion and identification of damages in building infrastructure. This paper presents the conceptual design, the processing methodology and first results of an airborne SAR campaign conducted in July 2019 at the German North Sea coast, showing the potential for accurate monitoring of height changes at decimeter level in mudflat areas, as well as indication of vegetation cover and water flooded areas.

EVALUASI IMPLEMENTASI TATA GUNA LAHAN BERKELANJUTAN DI WILAYAH PESISIR TELUK BENOA, BALI

The Benoa Bay coastal area has an important role in terms of coastal and small island conservation, and has a value of production and recreation / tourism. Its strategic location at the center of business and tourism growth in South Bali has the potential to increase pressure on the region due to high land use. This study aims to understand in depth related to the use of sea and land space in the coastal area of Benoa Bay. This is done to find out the function of land, land use, and the implications of the application of spatial use policies in the Benoa Bay coastal area. This study uses a qualitative method with a library approach to regulations related to spatial planning that governs the Benoa Bay coastal area. Stages of analysis using a map overlay technique between land functions based on existing regulations and existing land cover based on remote sensing. From the research conducted, it was found that in general the main functions of the Benoa Bay coastal area are divided into 3 (three), namely: First, land space as a function of cultivation; Second, in the Ngurah Rai Tahura area as a protection function; and Third, in the aquatic space that functions as a culture. Unclear regulations related to the management of coastal areas in Benoa Bay in the form of Zoning Plans for Coastal Areas and Small Islands (RZWP3K) in the Province of Bali, causing legal uncertainty regarding the boundaries and functions of the Benoa Bay coastal area.

On the Need for an Integrated Large-Scale Methodology of Coastal Management: A Methodological Proposal

Sustainable management of coastal areas involves dealing with problems such as coastal erosion, rapid growth in the rate of urbanization, tourism, environmental degradation associated with industrial and urban activities. Besides consideration is provided for the effects of climate change, whose scenarios also have significant consequences on coastal systems that are already extremely vulnerable and prone to many human pressures. Over the years, several international and national studies have been conducted to deepen the coastal processes. To date—despite considerable efforts—there are still problems. Two relevant priorities emerge: managing coastal risks and ensuring sustainable coastal management. In response to the above-mentioned challenges, it is worthwhile to elaborate an integrated methodology that, basing on the collection, analysis and evaluation of data, may provide an effective guideline for the successful implementation of each action, while providing timely and targeted information for the adoption of governance strategies concerning the prevention and management of marine-coastal risks. In the present study, considering what emerged in the major research projects on the coastal field during the last decades, a methodological proposal is outlined to pursue the principles of the integrated coastal zona management (ICZM) and join the managing coastal risks with sustainable uses focusing on the implementation scale.

MARINE DEBRIS DAN MIKROPLASTIK: UPAYA MENCEGAH BAHAYA DAN DAMPAKNYA DI TEMPODE, DESA SALAMA, KABUPATEN MANGGARAI, NTT

Marine debris is a waste product found in the sea, whether intentionally disposed of or not. This type of plastic waste is the most commonly found in the sea.Plastic waste that found in the ocean will degrade into micro-plastics. Micro-plastics can cause harm to marine organisms and even reach humans through food chain events. In order to reduce the dangers and impacts, it is necessary to introduce the management of coastal areas as part of the ecosystem, through socialization activities to coastal communities. The results of the activities showed interest and positive responses from the community. In addition, the knowledge about the concepts of marine debris, micro-plastics and ecosystems and their relationships has also increased by i.e., of 76%.

Management of Coastal Areas with Sustainable Marine Ecotourism Development in Purworejo Regency, Central Java, Indonesia

The beach is a favorite tourist destination for the Indonesian people. As Indonesia is blessed with many beaches which attracts people to visit. Indonesians usually come to the beach in the holiday to fish, see beautiful scenery, and play around. Central Java Province in Indonesia has a beach cluster situated to the north and south of the Java Island. Jatimalang Beach is the south coast of Java which has excellent natural beauty, which is located in Purworejo Regency. This research is focused on the beach facilities and infrastructures, tourist’s ecotourism awareness, and environmental sustainability management of the Jatimalang Beach Purworejo. The study was carried out in November till December 2019 by using the qualitative research method. Information discovered during fieldwork are used to direct data collection. Qualitative researchers, are closely engaging with the environment being examined. This work was conducted through observations and interviews with tourist at Jatimalang Beach, as well as a literature review. The results showed that the facilities and infrastructure found in Jatimalang Beach were the presence of lifesavers, waste, parking lots, freshwater swimming pools for children, toilets, electrical facilities, and worship places. In addition, tourists are often willing to preserve nature and the sustainability of marine tourism on the Jatimalang Beach, however many of them do not understand the importance of ecotourism and need to be educated again.

Hydrochemical Evolution Mechanisms of Shallow Groundwater and Its Quality Assessment in the Estuarine Coastal Zone: A Case Study of Qidong, China.

Identification of geochemical characters and the influence of river and seawater on coastal areas are of significant impact on water resources management in coastal areas globally. Thus, it requires careful investigation of the hydrochemical evolution mechanisms and assessment of the quality of shallow groundwater. The study specifically focused on the estuarine coastal zone of Qidong, China, a city located on the Yangtze estuary. Thirty shallow groundwater samples and five surface water samples were collected during a field investigation, and 25 water quality indexes were analyzed. Methods including mathematical statistics, Gibbs figure, Piper diagram, and ionic rations were used to analyze the hydrochemical characteristics and evolution mechanisms. The spatial distribution of key parameters was assessed using a GIS-based spatial gridding technique. Results showed that the shallow groundwater in this estuarine coastal zone is weakly alkaline. The major hydrochemical parameters, including total dissolved solids (TDS), Na+ and Cl−, Mg2+, and SO42−, displayed similar spatial distributions; the distributions of Ca2+ and Mg2+ were irregular; the distributions of SO42− and HCO3− shared a similar trend, increasing gradually from the southern to northern regions of the study zone; and the values of NO3− and NH4+ were generally low in the study area. The hydrochemistry of the groundwater consists of HCO3-CaMg type and HCO3-Na, with HCO3·Cl-Na type and Cl-Na being the dominant constituents toward the coastal strip. The coastal aquifers are subjected to the ongoing influence of seawater intrusion, ion exchange processes, freshwater infiltration, and mineral (carbonate and silicate) dissolution, which impact groundwater evolution. Most of the groundwater samples are unsuitable for drinking purposes, but more than 90% of samples have irrigation suitability, based on the WHO standards and the classifications of sodium absorption ratio (SAR), soluble-sodium percentage (SSP).

Towards a Collaborative Strategy for Land and Marine Geospatial Data Integration: A Review

Malaysia is among the countries in Southeast Asia surrounded by sea, apart from Thailand, Singapore, Brunei, Indonesia, Philippines and a few others, with about 515,000 kilometres squared land at sea level skirting Malaysia along 4,809 km of coastlines. Improving the management of coastal areas is important to improve the sustainability of the areas, and one way to achieve this is through collaborative management by integrating land and marine spatial data. This paper highlights the importance of bringing in the concept of collaboration between agencies and addresses issues related to the realization of integration of dataset sharing between land and marine. The concept of collaboration, past studies related to development of collaboration strategies, issues and problems in collaboration, as well as success factors in the collaboration process are discusses in this paper to demonstrate the importance of building a collaborative strategy model to enable the integration of geospatial datasets between land and marine.

Distribution of Provincial and Regency/City Authorities in Management of Coastal Sea Areas

Distribution of Provincial and Regency/City Authorities in Management of Coastal Sea Areas

Habitat Management Based on Mangrove Sensitivity Assesment in Tulungagung Coastal Area

Tulungagung reflects the typical conditions of southern coast of Java, which dominated bay small bays with thin layer of superficial mud sediments and bordered by hilly terrain. Mangrove distribution in Tulungagung located in there locations, Brumbun Beach, Gerangan Beach and Sine Beach. This research aimed to identify the forest structure, habitat sensitivity and completed with management plan in each location. Data collected includes vegetation structure, hydrooceanography, environmental pressure and anthropogenic activities. An interesting finding is that, despite its narrow areas (2,24 Ha), mangroves in Tulungagung have high species diversity (11 species of true mangrove includes Acanthus ebracteatus, Acanthus ilicifolius, Acrostichum aureum, Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, Ceriops tagal, Excoecaria agallocha, Rhizopora apiculata, Rhizopora mucronata, Rhizopora stylosa dan Sonneratia alba). Rm and Rs stands dominated by >7m height with canopy cover range from 79,4-89,6%. Geomorphological settings and limited mud supply are the primary challenges for mangrove habitat in Tulungagung. On the other hand, observation conservation status and local stakeholders involvement show the need for improvement of mangrove management in Tulungagung coastal areas.

Environmental Management System for the Analysis of Oil Spill Risk Using Probabilistic Simulations. Application at Tarragona Monobuoy

Oil spill accidents during port operations are one of the main hydrocarbon pollution threats for coastal waters. Appropriate environmental risk assessment and pollution events management tools are needed to achieve sustainability and environmental protection in port activity. Recent developments in monitoring techniques and accurate meteo-oceanographic prediction systems have been implemented in many ports, providing tools for environmental management. A novel method based on meteo-oceanographic operational services, in conjunction with Monte Carlo experiments using an oil spill model, is implemented to perform probabilistic maps of potential pollution events. Tarragona port area was chosen as the study case for three reasons: it accommodates a hub of petrochemical industry, the availability of high-resolution wind and water current data, and previous studies at the area offer the possibility to check the results’ accuracy. The interpretation of the impact probability maps reveals a specific pattern explained by the mean hydrodynamic conditions and the energetic north-westerly wind conditions. The impact probability maps may enhance efficiency in the environmental management of port waters and nearby coastal areas, reducing the negative impact of pollutant discharges.

Assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution as part of integrated management in coastal areas
 Case of Ghiss-Nekkour Basin (North East of Morocco)

Many methods for assessing the vulnerability of groundwater against anthropogenic pollution have been developed in the past decades. However, if aquifer vulnerability concept is well defined and the methods have been constantly tested and compared, the problem of the choice of the best method remains. The choice of the method depends on a series of factors, including the scale of the problem, the hydrogeological characteristics of the area and data availability. From a pile of a vulnerability assessing methods, the GOD, DRASTIC and SI approaches have been the most extensively tested. This is why, in the present work, we applied them to evaluate the groundwater vulnerability of the Ghiss-Nekkour aquifer, located in North East of Morocco, on its Mediterranean shore. The mapping resulting from the application of the three approaches shows a range of intervals divided into classes corresponding to fluctuating degrees of vulnerability from “very low” to “extreme”. The coincidence rate between the nitrate distribution of the groundwater and the mapped vulnerability classes is higher when the SI approach is applied. Such mapping constitutes basic documents guiding the land planner in decision-making within a framework of territorial intelligence and integrated management of the Ghiss-Nekkour coastal basin.

HAK ULAYAT ATAS WILAYAH PESISIR BAGI BENDEGA PASCA DITETAPKANNYA PERDA 11/2017 (Studi Di Desa Adat Tuban)

<p>Recognition of the exixtence of bendega as a traditional instituion in the Province of Bali is getting stroger after the issuance of Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Bali Nomor 11 tahun 2017 tentang Bendega. Even though i tis located as a traditional institution, bendega still given space to innovate in economic activities without ignoring the value of local wisdom. In Desa Adat Tuban, i tis found that there are groups of local people who are still pursuing the fishing profession. In addtion, this community group is also innovating in economic activities by utilizing the coastal areas which are Forest Park Conservation area Tahura.</p><p>The objectives of this study are (1) the find out and analyze the legal position of fishing groups in Desa Adat Tuban after issuance of Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Bali No 11 Tahun 2017 tentang Bendega; (2) knowing and analyzing the state’s recognition of fishermen groups in Desa Adat Tuban as the legal subject in charge of management of coastal areas.</p><p>This research is an empirical legal research. Using primary data obtained hrough observation an interview techniques. The secondary data is the collected<br />thorugh a literature study. All data collected is the analyzed qualitatively. The output of this research is a secintific journal with ISSN. In connection with the TKT research, the target that can be achieved in this study is TKT 3 in accordance with the indicators that have been determined.</p>

Conceptualizing the National marine sanctuary visitor counting process for marine protected areas

ABSTRACT This paper focuses on the development of a systematic data collection effort that allows managers to better understand the visitors to marine resource areas managed by NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries (NMS). Through the National Marine Sanctuary Visitor Counting Process (NMS-COUNT), resource managers will gain valid and reliable data and data collection methodologies to advance predictive capability and understanding of visitors. While various federal and state agencies and Coastal Treaty Tribes collaborate in the management of coastal and marine areas, there is little compatibility in methods for estimating visitation. The NMS-COUNT process offers an iterative framework that allows local management and stakeholders to contribute to the understanding of visitor use at an NMS unit throughout each phase of the process. Building off the Interagency Visitor Monitoring Framework, the NMS-COUNT process focuses on visitation estimates and direct communication with managers and researchers to develop and implement the most efficient methodology.