Management Of Coastal Areas Research Articles

Evaluation and Application of New-Semarang Coastal Resources Management

The beach in Semarang’s city has a variety of uniqueness with a variety of types and potential. The beach located on the north coast of Semarang city has various characteristics and strengths, and weaknesses. In overcoming differences in management and avoiding misunderstandings between governments, it prioritizes managing the coastal location. At least four integrated coastal management sub-systems consist of Human Resources Management, Accessibility, Beach Location Infrastructure, and Management Policies. This research was conducted from April 2020 until August 2020, to determine the most appropriate alternative strategy to be chosen and implemented in coastal location management. Study analysis with an Analytical Hierarchy Process-AHP analytical technique use with Application R - Open sources. The integrated coastal area management can as the most appropriate coastal location management strategy to implement the current situation and future planning. Alternative methods planned for use are the Availability of a Security Guard, Ease of Access with Signage, Parking Lots, and Rule or regulations to an Integrated Location. The study results stated that the best strategy is management collaboration in the form of interrelated rules.

A systematic review of integrated coastal and marine management progress reveals core governance characteristics for successful implementation

Integrated coastal and marine management (ICM) holds considerable promise for addressing gaps in conventional sector-based approaches to the management of coastal and marine areas. Progress in operationalizing ICM has been hindered by a lack of appropriate governance arrangements (e.g., mechanisms for making collective decisions about the use and management of coastal systems). This paper develops a framework for analyzing ICM governance based upon a preliminary scoping review, and uses the framework to conduct a structured systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature on ICM between 2010 and 2019 (n = 69). Results suggest that coastal stakeholders have struggled to fully operationalize ICM across many contexts, and that certain characteristics appear to enhance prospects for operationalizing ICM. These include formal governance structures, engagement with diverse actors and innovative mechanisms for coordination and cooperation among multi-actor groups. The paper concludes by revising the ICM framework, based upon the relative importance of topics discussed in the literature, with particular attention to monitoring, evaluation and adaptation stages. The resulting Elements and Characteristics of ICM framework summarizes the state of the field while providing a practical resource for planning and management.

Comment on Gazi et al. (2020): Detecting Coral Reef Degradation on St. Martin’s Island, Bangladesh?

St. Martin’s Island is a small sedimentary island situated at the southernmost part of Bangladesh (20°37.6′ N and 92°19.3′ E). The island is surrounded by rocky reefs composed of Neogene bedrock consisting of moderately hard and soft sandstones and conglomerates belonging to the Tipam Sandstone (Islam in Bangladesh J Univ Sheffield Geol Soc 7:269–275, 1980). The rocky reefs are covered by fields of conglomerate boulders and calcareous concretions that provide a suitable substrate for coral settlement and the establishment of coral communities. Before 1997 it was reported that St. Martin’s Island was a coral island surrounded by coral reefs (Ahmed in Bangladesh J Environ Sci 1:67–73, 1995; Anwar in National workshop on coastal area resource development and management, Part II. CARDMA, BRAC Printers Bangladesh, Dhaka, pp 36–66, 1988; UNEP/IUCN in Indian Ocean, Red Sea and Gulf. UNEP regional seas and bibliographies. IUCN, Gland, 1988). However, the first underwater survey conducted in 1997 did not find any evidence of coral reefs (Tomascik in Management plan for coral resources of Narikel Jinjira (St. Martin's Island). National Conservation Strategy Implementation Project-1, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, p 125, 1997). The island has become an important tourism destination and concerns have been raised about the impact of local development on its coral resources (Tomascik 1997). Recently a paper was published on the degradation of coral reefs on St. Martin’s Island (Gazi et al. in Ocean Sci J 55(3):419–431, 2020) that makes many factually incorrect assertions. The rocky reefs that surround the island have been misclassified by Gazi et al. (2020) as “coral reefs”. Here, we discuss Gazi et al. (2020) and examine if the results and conclusions provide factual evidence of spatiotemporal coral reef degradation.

Analysis of the Challenges of Integrated Coastal Management Approach in the Eastern Coast of Tanzania

Understanding the challenges that surround the adoption of Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) approach may potentially help actors and facilitators of coastal-based development initiatives to devise sustainable plans for managing coastal and marine resources. This paper analyses the challenges that prevail in contexts where ICM approach was adopted in the eastern coast of Tanzania. It draws experiences from the Kinondoni Integrated Coastal Area Management Programme (KICAMP) to yield lessons that may potentially shed light to facilitators of community-based management initiatives in the coastal regions. The paper raises three main issues: (i) What is the essence of ICM approach? (ii) What are the key challenges associated with the adoption of ICM approach in Tanzania? (iii) What is the recommended manner of addressing emerging challenges? The paper is enriched with in-depth interview inputs from 7 technical personnel and 3 marine scientists who have served in ICM projects and programmes. Their views are complemented with accounts from 3 coastal residents; selected strategically on grounds of their long-term experiences in ICM programmes. Moreover, reports from the KICAMP and Tanga Coastal Zone Conservation and Development Programme (TCZCDP) provided additional input on the emerging challenges and possible measures for addressing them. The paper adopts a critical realist framework of analysis, the RRREI(C) model, to yield insights that depict prevailing and emerging ICM challenges. Captured challenges include: over-reliance on fisheries resources, over-expectations, emergence of gender-selective activities, cultural challenges, complexity of adopted monitoring programmes, non-sustainability of some developed projects, land use issues, the condition of attaching municipal staff to ICM projects, and diversification of activities.

Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir Berbasis Pengurangan Risiko Bencana Gempabumi dan Tsunami di Kabupaten Kulon Progo Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

This study discussed about management of coastal area in Kulon Progo Regency based on the risk of the earthquake and tsunami. The aim of this study was to identify potential hazard earthquake and tsunami, analyze the suitability of using land exists to spatial pattern planning, and describe direction of management area’s coastal based on reduction of earthquake and tsunami risk in Kulon Progo Regency. Data was used in this study was information about earthquake and tsunami occurrence obtained from the government institution and also United States Geological Survey (USGS), satelite imagary from digital globe. Data of spatial policy which was used in this study were document of Area Spatial Planing, Coastal Zoning Plan, and small islands at study site. Analyzer used in this study were spatial analyzis, peak ground acceleration analyzis, cross tabulation, and descriptive-qualitative. The result of this study showed that coastal’s area in Kulon Progo Regency categorized as having a medium earthquake with PGA value 134, 754 gal  and a high tsunami potential with an area of 7702, 614 Ha. The results of the assessment of the conformity of existing land use in 2016 to the spatial plan in the document of Coastal Zoning Plan of Kulon Progo Regency in 2014-2034 tends to show high deviation of space with the extent of using land mismatch of 10399,139 Ha of the total area of research. Based on that, the direction of coastal management of Kulon Progo Regency has five management scenarios, namely; (1) scenario a-1 in the form of early warning and direction of high population density; (2) b-I scenario in the form of early warning, mitigation, and direction of high population density; (3) b-II scenario in the form of warning, mitigation, and direction of medium population density; (4) b-III scenario in the form of early warning, mitigation, and low population density direction; and (5) scenario c-III in the form of early warning, mitigation, preparedness and low population density directive.

Coastal Reef and Seagrass Monitoring for Coastal Ecosystem Management

The growth of human occupations in coastal areas and climate change impact have changed the dynamics of seagrass cover and accelerated the damage to coral reefs globally. For these reasons, coastal management measures need to be developed and renewed to preserve the state of seagrass beds and coral reefs. An example includes the improvement of spatial and multitemporal analyses. This study sought to analyze changes in seagrass cover and damages to coral reefs in Gili Sumber Kima, Buleleng Regency, Bali based on multitemporal Sentinel 2A-MSI imagery. The algorithms of a machine learning, Random Forest (RF), and a Support Vector Machine (SVM) were used to classify the benthic habitats (seagrass beds and coral reefs). Also, a change detection analysis was performed to identify the pattern and the extent to which seagrass beds had changed. The multispectral classification of, particularly, coral reefs was used to explain the condition of this benthic habitat. The results showed +-70% to +-83% accuracies of estimated seagrass cover, and the change detection analysis revealed three directions of change, namely an increase of 27.9 ha, a decrease by 86 ha, and a preserved state in 157 ha of seagrass cover. The product of coral reefs mapping had an accuracy of 42%, and the coral reefs in Gili Sumber Kima were split almost equally between the good (1505 ha) and damaged ones (1397 ha). With the spatial information on seagrass beds and coral reefs in every region, the ecological functions of the coast can be assessed more straightforwardly and appropriately incorporated as the basis for monitoring the dynamics of resources and coastal area management.

A Global Ecological Classification of Coastal Segment Units to Complement Marine Biodiversity Observation Network Assessments

A new data layer provides Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) labels for global coastal segments at 1 km or shorter resolution. These characteristics are summarized for six US Marine Biodiversity Observation Network (MBON) sites and one MBON Pole to Pole of the Americas site in Argentina. The global coastlines CMECS classifications were produced from a partitioning of a 30 m Landsat-derived shoreline vector that was segmented into 4 million 1 km or shorter segments. Each segment was attributed with values from 10 variables that represent the ecological settings in which the coastline occurs, including properties of the adjacent water, adjacent land, and coastline itself. The 4 million segments were classified into 81,000 coastal segment units (CSUs) as unique combinations of variable classes. We summarize the process to develop the CSUs and derive summary descriptions for the seven MBON case study sites. We discuss the intended application of the new CSU data for research and management in coastal areas.

Coastal Marine Planning: Vision of the Maritime Authority. Case of the Department of Bolivar, Colombia

Marine Spatial Planning is a tool that has acquired significant importance worldwide. Around 70 countries have implemented this initiative given the increased activity within the maritime sector and pressure on marine resources. The methods used are adapted to each country’s characteristics and articulated with other management processes. Although Colombia has progressed through on the processes regarding this issue, through different agencies, marine spatial planning related to maritime activities is absent. Therefore, the General Maritime Directorate (DIMAR in Spanish) through its commitment to turning Colombia into a bi-oceanic power, under a holistic and comprehensive maritime safety approach, contributes to marine and coastal areas management with a methodology for Marine and Coastal Management with a Maritime Authority Vision (MCM: MAV), focused on analyzed current and future conditions using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), multi-criteria analysis, and an Allocation and Co-location Model (ACM). The method was applied to Bolivar Department marine and coastal area, resulting in the identification of 55 uses/activities, and obtaining zoning by index and by the number of conflicts, as well as a map of free areas. This information is intended to improve monitoring, evaluation, and updating of maritime activities in these areas, and because it is applicable throughout the Colombian territory, it facilitates decision-making by several national governmental agencies.

Use of Socioenvironmental Criteria to Assess the Certification Potential of a Surfing Reserve in Southern Brazil

Surfing Reserves are protected areas to protect recognized surf breaks, as well as the natural and cultural heritage associated with these areas. These areas have been created either by the countries’ own legislation or by non-governmental initiatives, such as the World Surfing Reserves – WSR promoted by the international organization Save the Waves Coaliton. In Brazil, surfing reserves do not have a legal support, but are foreseen in the Bill 6,969/2013 (known as “Law of the Sea”). In addition, the Brazilian Surf Reserves Program – PBRS (in Portuguese) has been structured to foster the consolidation of these protected areas, as well as to support the creation of new WSR. Surfing reserves, together with other protected areas, can strengthen the integrated management of marine and coastal areas, in particular through the implementation of Marine Space Planning – MSP, in the form of networks of protected areas, as has been carried out in the world. In this research, the certification potential of Ilha do Mel (coast of Paraná) in southern Brazil was evaluated for the creation of an WSR, based on the criteria of Save the Waves Co. Using the four criteria for creating an WSR, 25 parameters were evaluated and quantified through literature review, field observations and interviews with key informants. Ilha do Mel presented a “very high” potential for the creation of a WSR, with multiple surf breaks, in addition to a well-preserved natural heritage, partly due to certain restrictions on use and access to the island’s resources, including protected areas already implemented in its territory, local environmental control policies and limit on public visitation. Native communities with traditional uses of the territory are present in this location, in addition to a consolidated tourist activity, and surfing has a relevant role. It is concluded that Ilha do Mel has the appropriate characteristics for the creation of a WSR, which could reinforce the island’s socio-environmental protection and deal with potential threats, such as those related to the port and industrial activities of its surroundings. However, it is necessary to better understand the perception of local communities regarding an eventual WSR on the island, reinforcing community engagement in this process, in a context of apparent fragility of local environmental governance.

Web Atlas como Herramienta para la Gestión Integrada Costera: de los Datos al Conocimiento Práctico

Despite the importance of coastal areas to sustainable development, they are poorly known by the public or even by decision-makers. This undermines consistent action towards their protection. Existing data and information, published in very complex language, tend to be restricted to academic use. The Coastal Web Atlas as the one developed here is a tool that makes this information more accessible to managers, by preserving, integrating, comparing, and sharing data as smart maps. The spatial analysis based on multiple impact indicators facilitates the correlation of causes and effects. The Coastal Web Atlas is available to a broad audience and it could be a strong instrument for spatial planning and oversight. The authors propose to improve coastal area management by using colors on maps to decode scientific language to friendly language and to publish it on a geoportal. This technology promotes the use of collected data and enables collaborative work. A pilot experiment is being developed in the Santos Port Region, at the São Paulo state coast, Brazil: http://santoswebatlas.com.br/

Pengelolaan Pariwisata Bahari berbasis Community-Based Tourism dalam Peningkatan Ekonomi Masyarakat Pesisir

This study aimed to determine the importance of community-based tourism management in increasing the economic income of coastal communities in the coastal areas of the North Coast of Central Java. This research was funded by the Directorate of Research and Community Service (DRPM) of the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with research procedures, namely the description stage, the reduction stage, and the selection stage. The research location is in the coastal area of the North Coast of Central Java with randomly selected respondents. The results obtained are the multiplayer effect of community involvement in marine tourism management in coastal areas, including increased community income, absorption of local workers, the opening of business space for local communities, maintaining the surrounding environment, and improving other supporting amenities.

Spatiotemporal patterns and modifiable areal unit problems of the landscape ecological risk in coastal areas: A case study of the Shandong Peninsula, China

Ecological risk assessment is the basis for sustainable land use and ecological protection and management in coastal areas. The research scale of ecological risk assessment is usually determined by empirical methods, and existing research focused on coastal areas is relatively limited. This paper aims to explore the spatiotemporal pattern of ecological risk in coastal areas, taking the Shandong Peninsula as the study area, and to determine the optimal scale of ecological risk assessment based on semivariogram analysis. The results show that the waterbodies and unused land had a relatively high landscape loss index, while the cropland had the least value. The optimal scale for landscape risk assessment in the Shandong Peninsula was 4 km. The ecological risk was generally low in the Shandong Peninsula, with the lowest risk regions and lower risk regions accounting for more than 70% of the total area. During 1990–2018, the average ecological risk dropped from 0.0819 to 0.0698, indicating a lower probability of adverse ecological effects caused by landscape changes. The spatial agglomeration pattern of the ecological risk showed low–low agglomeration in the central and northeast areas and high–high agglomeration in the northwest along the sea. Scale effects had a significant influence on the uncertainty of the assessment of ecological risks, including the study extent, size of risk units, risk level classification, and data resolutions. It is suggested that protecting cropland was important for both food safety and the stability of the ecosystem in the Shandong Peninsula. Waterbodies in this area are vulnerable due to their fragmentation and close distribution with built-up land and agricultural land. This study could offer useful information for coastal ecological risk control, and provide new perspectives regarding optimal scale selection when conducting local ecological risk assessment.

Coastal Area Management Based on Disaster Mitigation: A Case Study in Purworejo Regency, Indonesia

DOI:10.17014/ijog.8.2.147-156Indonesia is an archipelago blessed with the wealth of coastal resources, but also with the risk of natural hazards including tectonic earthquake and tsunami. This potential risk is high in the Purwodadi Subregency, Purworejo Regency, Indonesia, because of its location in an active subduction zone at the edge of the Indian Ocean. Therefore, this study was conducted in the region located on the southern coast of Java Island. The high probability of disaster in the area needs a proper coastal management strategy and mitigation measures. Hence, this study aims to establish an appropriate policy using the strength-weakness-opportunity-threat (SWOT) analysis. Furthermore, the data obtained from this novel analysis include the population and social vulnerability, geological conditions, landuse allocation, and disaster strategies. Each is carefully assessed and then incorporated into the matrix to obtain the result. In addition, the alternative strategies used are the development of disaster mitigation facilities, infrastructure, and institutional strengthening.

Forecasting of Significant Wave Height and Period at Western Waters of Ternate Island, North Maluku

The water of West Ternate Island is open waters which are very dynamic oceanographic conditions. One of them is ocean waves that are strongly related to wind friction. This study aims to analyze the height and wave period that occurred in the western part waters of Ternate Island based on wind data for 10 years. It is expected that the results of this study will be useful for policymakers in the sustainable management of coastal areas in Ternate City. This research used Wilson Method to estimate the wave height in four seasons. The data collected includes the maximum wind direction and speed during the period 2009-2018 obtained from the Meteorological and Geophysical Station of Baabullah Airport, Ternate City. Wind data will be transformed to stability correction and wind stress factor to determine height and period of wave. The results showed that in The West Season and Transition Season 1 (TS 1), the wind direction is more dominant moving from the Northwest to the Southeast with an average maximum speed of 17.71 knots. During the observation year, significant wave height (Hs) formed in the Western Season period as high as 1.25 m – 2.75 m while in Transition Season 1 the wave height was between 1.0 m – 2.31m. While in the Eastern Season period the wave height that occurs ranges from 0.61 m – 1.55 m and in the MP2 period ranges from 0.67 m – 1.43 m. In the Western Season, the wave period ranges from 4.67 – 6.82 seconds, and in Transition Season 1 between 4.45 – 6.44 seconds. While in the eastern season the wave period ranges from 3.29 – 4.89 seconds and in Transition Season 2 (TS 2) ranges from 3.43 – 4.68 seconds.

Sustainable tourism development based on local participation: Case study on Dalegan District for the East Java tourism industry

Coastal areas and small islands has considerable management potential, however several studies have shown that these conditions do not make the management of coastal areas in Indonesia optimal. The purpose of this research is to try to answer important issues regarding how sustainable tourism development affects people’s lives and livelihoods. This research presents debates in sustainable tourism development by paying attention to the concept of sustainable development and investigating the main problems of developing sustainable tourism development. The methodology used in this research is qualitative by using focus group discussions (FGD) with 50 people in the village of Dalegan to obtain data from important informants. The results of the research show that the lack of attention to the environmental sector in the village makes coastal tourism objects less attractive to tourists. The development of local communities must also go hand in hand with sustainable tourism development, the relationship between government and coastal managers in Dalegan also needs strengthening. The perception of visiting experiences reinforced by the presence of local communities is essential to increase the number of tourists to create a conducive economic climate. We suggest that the socio-economy should coexist with environmental sustainability and a sustainable tourism development framework must be created to address heterogeneity and complexity in a regional scope.

Adaptive phyconomy for sustainable management of coastal ecoscapes in Indonesia

Adaptive phyconomy supports holistic, sustainable marine ecoscape development as a component of integrated coastal area management (ICAM). Phyconomy is the branch of applied phycology that comprises systems of art, science and technology applied to production systems that yield crops of algae. Through the macroalgae known as “seaweeds”, farmers turn seawater, sunshine, and effort into money. Adaptive marine phyconomy of tropical red seaweeds is an outstanding example of large-scale crop production that developed primarily from simple methods refined by farmers in the sea, but as of 2020 it is, still much more art than science. Phyconomy, ecoscape issues and market issues are intertwined in a way that demands holistic planning and management. Every phyconomy action is influenced not only by energy and materials issues, but also by issues among value chain stakeholder alliances. Ocean farming functions take place under conditions where environmental and socio-economic conditions are often uncertain, therefore adaptive approaches must be applied in a way that is resilient and sustainable. The present paper discusses how adaptive phyconomy art and science is being developed as a fundamental component of integrated coastal area management for sustainable marine ecoscape development in Indonesia.

Spatial hedonic analysis to support tourism-sensitive tsunami mitigation planning

The construction of protective infrastructure such as seawalls and the designation of land-use and building regulation zones are commonly recommended strategies for tsunami and sea-level rise oriented mitigation in coastal areas. While the effectiveness of these strategies are undoubted, in regions where coastal tourism is the primary industry, the implementation of such strategies have been low due to fear of negative economic impact related to loss of coastal view and accessibility. Therefore, this paper examines the influence of coastal amenities to hotel room rates alongside other attributes through hedonic analysis. Specifically, it investigates whether rooms with coastal views, accessibility to beaches, and those located on higher elevations are priced higher than other rooms, in order to quantify the associated values of Japanese coastal areas where tourism is a key economic driver. Subsequently, it suggests the geographical market boundaries to guide the management and risk-mitigation of coastal areas. Findings reveal that: Semi-parametric Geographically Weighted Regression (S-GWR) results can accurately identify both stationary and non-stationary relationships present between the dependent and explanatory variables; view of the sea and other environmental attributes have significant influence on hotel room pricings; and tsunami mitigation strategies which can have long-term implications should be adopted in a manner sensitive to the tourism industry.

Keanekaragaman Makroalga di Perairan Teluk Kendari dan Sekitarnya, Sulawesi Tenggara

<strong>Macroalgae Diversity in Kendari Bay Waters and Surroundings, Southeast Sulawesi. </strong>Human activities around Kendari Bay cause environmental changes. It has an impact on fisheries and marine resources. Macroalgae was also affected by environmental changes, so management of macroalgae was required. The diversity of macroalgae can be used as baseline data for coastal area management. The aims of the study were to find out the diversity of macroalgae, biological indices of macroalgae and the factors that influence the diversity and abundance of macroalgae in Kendari Bay and surroundings. The study was conducted in September 2016, in eight locations, namely Lara Island, Lalow Aru, Tanjung Tiram, Baungkutoko, Watuw Atu, Bokori Island, Tapulaga, and Tenunggeu. Macroalgae samples were collected by the quadratic transect method. The data analyzed were Bray-Curtis similarity, diversity, richness, evenness, and dominance index. The correlation between water quality and abundance or diversity of macroalgae was analyzed by multiple regression analysis. A total of 38 species of macroalgae were identified consisting of three Phyllum: 15 species of Chlorophyta, 10 species of Ochrophyta, and 13 species of Rhodophyta. Tanjung Tiram and Lalow Aru have the highest similarity index of 0.93. Macroalgae in Kendari Bay have the low to moderate category of species diversity, low category of species richness, the medium to high category of species evenness, and the low to moderate category of species dominance. There was a gradient pattern of macroalgae diversity in Kendari Bay and surroundings. Seagrass cover and water quality have more influence on macroalgae diversity than macroalgae abundance in Kendari Bay and surroundings.

Monitoring Coastline Changes Using Landsat Application in Batu Mejan Beach

Monitoring Coastline changes is a very important task to assess and evaluate the condition of the coastal area. Accurate results of changes in coastline are very useful as a consideration in making decisions for coastal area management and planning for future coastal development. Therefore, coastline changes, both erosion and accretion were examined in this study. Batu Mejan Beach is selected as a study area. It is a tourism destination often visited by foreign and local tourists in North Kuta Beach. Its current condition is very poor because of the erosion that has occurred. The government has tried to build a sea wall for protection, but the structure has failed. Remote sensing is a method that can monitor shoreline changes more efficiently than taking measurements directly into the field. With the remote sensing method, changes in the shoreline at a certain period can be investigated. The remote sensing analysis method is used to extract coastlines from Landsat 7 satellite images in 2002 and Landsat 8 in 2018. Landsat was analyzed using a combination approach of threshold and band ratio methods of infrared bands and green bands. Image processing uses ENVI 5.3 software and ArcGIS 10.4.1 with the Quoted Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) extension to make transect shoreline calculations. The results of the analysis of the rate of change in the coastline along Batu Mejan Beach showed abrasion of 0.11-5.14 m/year and accretion of 0.29-0.84 m/year.

Tracked to protect - Spatiotemporal dynamics of recreational boating in sensitive marine natural areas

In many coastal areas, high numbers of recreationists may exceed ecological capacities. Careful monitoring of visitor flows is a first prerequisite for coastal area management. We show how AIS ship data can be translated into interpretable information on recreational boats and investigate whether AIS can provide monitoring information when compared to nature conservation policy targets. In the Wadden Sea UNESCO World Heritage Site we used nearly 9 million data points to create spatiotemporal patterns for the 2018 recreation season. We combined this with shipping lanes and bathymetry data and compared the resulting patterns with nature protection regulations. Our results show that most of the traffic is concentrated around tidal channels. We also show that exceeding speed limits is not predominant behaviour, but the effect of speeding on birds and seals might be more severe than the data suggests. We mapped favourite tidal flat moor activities, and observed where this occurs in Marine Protected Areas. We conclude that AIS analysis can provide valuable recreational boating monitoring, relevant to sensitive coastal area management in the entire Dutch Wadden Sea for the full recreational season. Broader integration of AIS with radar data and ecological data can add to the power of using AIS.