Section 1: Fundamental Considerations Historical Perspectives Surgical Anatomy of Perforating Veins Epidemiology of Chronic Venous Insufficiency Pathophysiology of Chronic Venous Insufficiency.- Section 2: Clinical Features Clinical Presentation and Classification of Chronic Venous Disease Plethysmographic Evaluation of Venous Function Preoperative Evaluation of Chronic Venous Insufficiency with Duplex Scanning and Venography.- Section 3: Surgical Interventions Correction of Superficial Reflux Linton's Operation and Modification of the Open Techniques Technical Armamentarium for Endoscopic Perforator Vein Surgery Subfascial Endoscopic Perforator Surgery with Gas Insufflation Subfascial Endoscopic Perforating Surgery: The Open Technique. Additional Maneuvers for Subfascial Endoscopic Perforator Vein Surgery Creation of Subfascial Space Subfascial Dissection, Perforator Division and Ultrasonic Coagulation Comparison of Open Linton Operation with Subfascial Endoscopic Perforator Surgery Deep Venous Thrombosis Prophylaxis.- Section 4: Supportive Therapy Compression Therapy for Treatment of Lower Extremity Chronic Venous Insufficiency and Venous Stasis Ulcers The Medical Management of Chronic Venous Ulcers Local Management of Chronic Leg Ulcers.- Section 5: North American Subfascial Endoscopic Perforator Surgery (NASEPS) Registry Results of the NASEPS Registry.