Management Logic Research Articles

<b>O sistema CAPES e o trabalho docente na pós-graduação: uma análise com docentes da área de saúde pública

Este artigo analisa as transformações ocorridas no trabalho docente, ou seja, no modus operandi dos saberes e das práticas acadêmicas, cujos impactos promovem o favorecimento da lógica gerencialista na Academia, especificamente no campo da saúde coletiva, em decorrência das novas políticas educacionais de avaliação implementadas no Brasil a partir da década de 1990. Para tanto, foi feito um estudo de caso com os docentes de um Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto sensu em Saúde Pública. A fim de desenvolver esta análise, é apresentada uma revisão da literatura acerca das principais mudanças ocorridas no trabalho docente e a evolução da produção científica brasileira. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de roteiro semiestruturado de entrevistas. Concluiu-se que os impactos sofridos pelo trabalho docente face à implementação dos critérios adotados pela CAPES se manifestam na política de produção e distribuição do conhecimento científico na Academia.

Changes in the power balance of institutional logics: Middle managers’ responses

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to explore how middle managers respond when an existing institutional logic is reinforced through radical organisational change. We analyse documents and interviews with middle managers in three public sector contexts (hospitals, upper secondary schools, municipal agencies) in which the power balance between the managerial and professional logics changed through mergers. Contrary to expectations from previous research, we found a variety of responses across contexts. Our data suggest that the middle managers chose whether to acknowledge available information about the managerial logic, and that they either accepted or rejected the new power balance between the logics. There were two different ways of accepting the new power balance: by showing loyalty or through resignation. Its rejection took the form of strategically adhering to the managerial logic as a novice, even though a middle manager was, or should have been, familiar with this logic.

Stakeholders’ enactment of competing logics in IT governance: polarization, compromise or synthesis?

Governing IT while incorporating stakeholders with diverse institutional backgrounds remains a challenge. Stakeholder groups are typically socialized differently and may have different perspectives on IT governance dilemmas. Yet, extant literature offers only limited insight on socialized views on IT governance. This study uses an institutional logics lens to examine how competing institutional logics get connected in IT governance practices through dominant stakeholders’ enactment patterns and how these enactment patterns may affect the organization’s IT performance. We find that logics were coupled to the three dominant stakeholder groups, but only loosely so. Congruence between the three logics they enacted depended on the IT governance dilemma at hand. Our findings demonstrate how within a triad of competing logics, switching rivalry among hybrid logics may develop. Here, the enactments led to two hybrid logics, none of which became dominant. Remarkably, the IT professionalism logic accommodated polarization between medical professionalism and the managerial logic, causing unstable IT governance. We propose that IT professionalism offers room for agency and is crucial in determining the resulting enactment patterns: polarizing, compromising or even synthesizing. This study may raise managers’ awareness of the competing logics underlying IT governance practices and clarify the pivotal role of IT professionalism in IT governance debates.

Research and development of off-line services for the 3D automatic printing machine based on cloud manufacturing

To improve the comprehensive competitiveness of 3D printing technologies, off-line 3D automatic printing machine (3D-APM) method based on cloud manufacturing service mode and the 3D printing cloud service platform (3D-PCSP) was developed. The service trading locations included several DD workshops and shopping malls. After the work flows and core functions have been designed, a few orders were carried out to demonstrate cooperation in the automatic 3D-PCSP. Investigation of key issues such as transaction management logic engines, semantic intelligent search and trading synergistic logic engines was carried out to perform tracking of transaction management logic engines, semantic intelligent search and order statuses, guide trading tasks; achieve complete flow coordination management; and carry out verification applications of customization of personalized gifts (for example, hot collections such as sculptures, names and gifts) involving non-designers. Moreover, order trading and off-line 3D-APM services were merged to effectively integrate the requirements of users in specific fields with those of 3D-APM enthusiasts or makers for specific areas in this field through order transaction online to offline (O2O) services. Thus, effective management may be realized to off-line 3D-APMs.

Farmers\u2019 soil knowledge, fertility management logic and its linkage with scientifically analyzed soil properties in southern Ethiopia

BackgroundFarmers’ locally have acquired knowledge from generations of experience and experimentation that fit local conditions. Yet, the scientific approach less used farmers’ soil knowledge (FSK) and site-specific soil information. The objectives of this study were to investigate FSK and rationality; to demonstrate how FSK relates to scientifically analyzed soil properties; and to explore the implemented soil management practices and crop performances in selected districts of Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia. A total of 789 farmers were included, and their fields were evaluated. Data on farmer’s soil nomenclature, soil physicochemical property, soil fertility management practices and crop yield performance were recorded and analyzed.ResultsFarmers describe and classify their soils using holistic approach. Soil nomenclature and classification indicators are relatively homogeneous over large area. Accordingly, seven soil types common over large area were identified. Mostly, soil types perceived fertile by farmers (e.g., Arrada bita) were found better in measured physicochemical properties than infertile soil types (e.g., Lada bita, Zo’o bita). Simple regression analysis revealed a declining trends of soil properties with a decrease in fertility of farmers soil types such as soil bulk density (r2 = 0.78), pH (r2 = 0.53), available phosphorous (r2 = 0.83), total exchangeable bases (r2 = 0.71), copper (r2 = 0.64) and zinc (r2 = 0.69). Farmers are rational to allocate the scarce fertilizers. They apply more chemical fertilizer when soil type was getting poor in soil fertility (r2 = 0.61), whereas it was opposite for manure (r2 = 0.85). Furthermore, crop response and farmers’ soil type also demonstrated an observable relationship where yield was declining with a decrease in fertility level of farmers’ soil types.ConclusionsFarmers understand within farm soil variability and exploit soil fertility differences of their field. This is supported with noticeable relationship with scientifically analyzed soil properties, fertility management strategy and crop responses. It suggests that FSK is relevant for site-specific soil management. Yet, FSK is deficient to identify yield-limiting nutrients, implying it has to be complemented with scientific soil knowledge. Additionally, further investigation to systematically link both approaches is also suggested.

“A jungle that is continually encroaching”: The time of disaster management

This essay examines the temporal logics of contemporary disaster management. I discuss episodes from the expansion of the global disaster management complex—in the United States after WWII, and in Indonesia after the New Order—to characterize the form of futurity established through the technocratic administration of systematically-envisioned catastrophe. Disaster management projects a shallow future whose indeterminacy does not stimulate aspiration toward transcendence of the given, but rather motivates an endless procedural loop of anticipation and pre-emption in order to delay the destruction of the present order. Disaster management thus refashions “action” as the postponement of the future, and in doing so explicates a basic but neglected temporality of liberalism—that of vigilance toward continually-renewed danger.

Commitment or Compliance? Institutional Logics of Work Environment Management

Scholars of the work environment have pointed out how management ideas and practices inspired by a human resource approach are influencing the work environment efforts in Nordic organiza tions. In this paper, we use the ‘institutional logics’ perspective to propose heuristic ideal types of two institutional logics of work environment management:The logic of compliance as the ideal type of the ‘traditional’ approach to work environment management and the logic of commitment as the human resource informed approach. Through a side-by-side comparison of key characteristics, we analyze the two ideal types as instantiations of institutional orders on the societal level with the compliance logic being rooted in the orders of the state and the corporation, and the commitment logic as based on the orders of the corporation.The paper ends with a discussion on the how the two logics can influence concrete work environment practices and approaches to management in organizations.

Rethinking prevention: Shifting conceptualizations of evidence and intervention in South Africa’s AIDS epidemic

In recent years, statements about the ‘end of AIDS’ and an ‘AIDS-free world’ have dominated headlines about the epidemic. This contemporary moment of extraordinary optimism has been prompted in significant part by developments in the field of HIV prevention. New approaches to prevention include techniques that are markedly different from older strategies; new prevention techniques are targeted and relentlessly biomedical, and have increasingly displaced older behavior change programs and broad based social measures. HIV/AIDS, which was long called a ‘social epidemic’ marked by unprecedented human rights struggles and community action, has increasingly become dominated by a discourse and practice of discrete interventions and their calculable efficacy. This article aims to explain the shift in conceptualizations and practices of prevention, and the changed understanding of the epidemic. How did prevention become about access to drugs? How did the discourse around HIV/AIDS move from a concern with social determinants of disease and human rights to matters of efficiency, efficacy, and measurable impact? The article argues that a conjunction of new biomedical technologies, changing managerial logics of donors and governments, and emergent evidentiary practices have led to the ascent of new approaches to prevention. To support this argument, it traces prevention strategies over the last three decades in the context of South Africa’s HIV/AIDS epidemic. The South African story, while unique and historically situated, nonetheless serves as a lens through which to understand broad based transformations underway in HIV/AIDS and in global health writ large.

Laboratory and field tests on photo-electric probes and ultrasonic Doppler flow switch for remote control of turbidity and flowrate of a water-sand mixture flow

The paper describes the experimental apparatus and field tests carried on to remotely control through non-invasive and non-intrusive instruments turbidity and flowrate of a water-sand mixture flow conveyed by a pipeline. The mixture flow was produced by an innovative plant for seabed management. The turbidity was monitored by thru-beam infra-red photo-electric sensors, while flowrate was monitored by an ultrasonic Doppler flow switch. In a first phase, a couple of photo-electric sensors and a mechanical flow switch were preliminary tested in laboratory to verify installations concerns and measurement repeatability and precision. After preliminary test completion, photo-electric sensors and mechanical flow switch were installed in the real scale plant. Since the mechanical flow switch did not reach high reliability, an ultrasonic Doppler flow switch was identified and tested as alternative. Then, two couple of photo-electric sensors and ultrasonic Doppler flow switch were installed and tested on two pipelines of the plant. Turbidity and minimum flow signals produced by the instruments were integrated in the PLC logic for the automatic management of the plant. The paper also shows how ultrasonic Doppler flow switch measurement repeatability was negatively affected by the presence of the other ultrasonic Doppler flow switch working in a close pipeline and installed inside a steel casing.

Publicar ou perecer: a esfinge do produtivismo acadêmico

Resumo Este artigo trata da reestruturação das condições e processos de trabalho dos professores no ensino superior hodiernamente, que introduz a lógica gerencial nas atividades docentes. Mostra como esta nova lógica adoece o professor física e mentalmente. Para tanto, analisa as últimas transformações no mundo do trabalho e como estas influenciaram diretamente a Reforma Universitária empreendida pelos governos do Partido dos Trabalhadores. Investiga também o atendimento existente nas universidades públicas brasileiras (2016), bem como entrevista docentes de vários cursos e universidades (2015-2016) a respeito das transformações ocorridas no seu labor. O resultado demonstra que a intensificação e precarização estão presentes em todo o trabalho acadêmico atualmente e que os professores têm consciência de que seu trabalho, hoje, passou a ser a fonte de agravos à saúde física e mental. Entretanto, recusamse a procurar auxílio, para não serem estigmatizados por não suportarem as novas formas do trabalho docente nas universidades.

A-1 P2Mプラットフォームマネジメント文脈と論理 : クロスボーダー型協働と能力強化に関する標準化(グローバル競争/環境プロジェクト研究トラック)

A-1 P2Mプラットフォームマネジメント文脈と論理 : クロスボーダー型協働と能力強化に関する標準化(グローバル競争/環境プロジェクト研究トラック)

ORGANIZATIONAL INNOVATION, DESIGN AND NPD PERFORMANCE: THE ROLE OF CO-CREATION STRATEGY

Within firms, procedures would be the site of a big pool of business assets that always take into account the preponderance of the firm’s physical and human capital. In enterprises, innovation, marketing, and product design should be closely coordinated. Most research has demonstrated that an effective connection among innovation R&D, marketing activities, and design pushes products into the marketplace and guarantees their success. However, empirical studies of the Co-creations among innovation, marketing, and design strategies in new product development (NPD) performance are rare. This gives an effective empirical contribution towards the emerging body of students developing the co-creation paradigm, mainly indicated by conceptual advances in strategic management logic. The overall aim of the paper is to unravel the nature of strategy processes of co-creation in innovation. In this study, enterprises from the Taiwan Bicycle Exporter’s Association (TBEA) database were chosen randomly as subjects. In the first survey, the status of the marketing strategy, innovation strategy, and design strategy was determined. After a new product was marketed for one year, a second survey was conducted as an NPD performance check. After repeated contact, 188 enterprises (23.5%) responded. Major findings of the study are as follows. (1) The structural equation model (SEM) results demonstrate a great fit between your theoretical model and observed data for innovation, marketing, and design methods. (2) The NPD performance is affected by an enterprise’s innovation, marketing, and design methods. Furthermore, innovation and marketing methods also influence NPD performance through design strategy. For NPD performance, design technique is both a completely independent variable as well as an intervening variable. (3) The NPD performance could be strengthened when businesses struggle for innovation, marketing, and design methods. Controlling the co-creation process is really a complex endeavor. The research findings claim that managers of co-produced service improvements develop an interactive procedure for inducing and imagining innovative actions of the network stars.

The future is now! Extrapolated riskscapes, anticipatory action and the management of potential emergencies

Anticipating the future is a key practice for the management of potential emergencies. Anticipatory action needs the future to become ready-to-hand. Focusing on the logics and practices of anticipatory action the paper discusses the relations between time and space in the context of risk and uncertainty. Spatializations of simulation technologies, preemptive emergency management and anticipatory action aim to disclose and extrapolate the future. In general, infrastructures are technologies which aim to materialize expectations concerning the future. In the case of emergency management infrastructural measures enable and/or constrain practices by inheriting specific logics.The concept of riskscapes (Müller-Mahn and Everts, 2013) poses to be a promising framework to grasp these issues. In our perspective, extrapolated riskscapes treat the future as an already interpreted and symbolically structured world. This involves not only looking at the temporality of riskscapes, but also dealing with geographies of inscribed futurity. Two case studies focusing on emergency management practices of firefighters will be deployed for illustration: the first observes the logics of preemptive emergency management and anticipatory action inscribed into materialities of infrastructures in the context of rail-bound hazmat transports; the second shows how computer simulations for crowded geographies facilitate decision-making and action for policing and crowd management.Instead of treating future in riskscapes as neutral, we highlight the politically situated practices that co-evolve with these technologies and their spatializations. The article discusses the dimension of time within riskscapes to gain a better understanding of the temporalization of space as in simulations and the spatialization of time as in infrastructures of emergency management.

Beyond guidelines: discretionary practice in face-to-face triage nursing.

This article draws on ethnographic data from a Norwegian emergency primary care clinic (EPCC) to explore nurses' discretionary application of guidelines. Specifically, it analyses nurses' discretionary use of the Manchester Triage System (MTS) when performing face-to-face triage, that is, assessing the urgency of patients' complaints. The analysis shows how nurses assessed patients at odds with MTS prescriptions by collecting supplementary data, engaging in differential diagnostic and holistic reasoning, relying on emotion and intuition, and allowing colleagues and patients to influence their reasoning. The findings also show how nurses' reasoning led them to override guidelines both overtly and covertly. Based on this evidence, it is argued that nurses' assessments relied more on internalised 'triage mindlines' than on codified triage guidelines, although the MTS did function as a support system, checklist and system for supervisory control. The study complements existing research on standardisation in nursing by providing an in-depth analysis of nurses' methods for navigating guidelines and by detailing how deviations from those guidelines spring from their clinical reasoning. The challenges of imposing a managerial logic on professional labour are also highlighted, which is of particular relevance in light of the drive towards standardisation in modern healthcare.

A Vida na Lógica do Trabalho Imaterial: Análise do Acolhimento Temporário de Animais

This study aimed to explore the strategy of living life through the immaterial labor logic, focusing on the practice of animals’ temporary housing. In this regard, an exploratory research was conducted through a case study. ADeep interviews were carried out with animal caretakers, and the transcription material was submitted to content analysis. The survey results allowed the view of the logic of immaterial work scope and managerial management in instances of life, not necessarily regarding lucrative activity. The results show the use of free time and available personal resources, and the self mobilization and management in favor of the reception practiced as a mission, which form a strategy to live individualistic life along the lines of liquid-modern society. With this, a strategy of clash is not established,, but an uncritical reproduction of the prevailing logic in the current ways of working.

Technology meets tradition: The perceived impact of the introduction of information and communication technology on ward rounds in the intensive care unit

BackgroundPublic policy in many health systems is currently dominated by the quest to find ways to ‘do more with less’—to achieve better outcomes at a reduced cost. The success or failure of initiatives in support of this quest are often understood in terms of an adversarial dynamic or struggle between the professional logics of medicine and of management. Here, we use the case of the introduction of information and communication technology (ICT) to a well-established ritual of medical autonomy (the medical ward round) to articulate a more nuanced explanation of how and why new ways of working with technology are accepted and adopted (or not). MethodsThe study was conducted across four intensive care units (ICUs) in major teaching hospitals in Sydney, Australia. Using interviews, we examined 48 doctors’ perceptions of the impact of ICT on ward round practice. We applied the concept of institutional logics to frame our analysis. Interview transcripts were analysed using a hybrid of deductive and inductive thematic analysis. ResultsThe doctors displayed a complex engagement with the technology that belies simplistic characterisations of medical rejection of managerial encroachment. In fact, they selectively welcomed into the ward round aspects of the technology which reinforced the doctor’s place in the healthcare hierarchy and which augmented their role as scientists. At the same time, they guarded against allowing managerial logic embedded in ICT to de-emphasise their embodied subjectivity in relation to the patient as a person rather than as a collection of parameters. ConclusionICT can force the disruption of some aspects of existing routines, even where these are long-established rituals. Resistance arose when the new technology did not fit with the ‘logic of care’. Incorporation of the logic of care into the design and customisation of clinical information systems is a challenge and potentially counterproductive, because it could attempt to apply a technological fix to what is essentially a social problem. However, there are significant opportunities to ensure that new technologies do not obstruct doctors’ roles as carers nor disrupt the embodied relationship they need to have with patients.

Development of a simulation platform of all-electric aircraft on-board systems for energy management studies

ABSTRACTThis paper deals with the development of a simulation platform for the dynamic analysis of systems characterised by different physical domains. The research has been carried out in the context of the EC-funded Clean Sky Joint Technology Initiative (Green Regional Aircraft/All-Electric Aircraft domain). In particular, the objective of the research is focused on the on-board systems of new All-Electric Aircraft, where a crucial design point is related to the electrical energy management. In the “all-electric” concept, where pneumatic and hydraulic power systems are eliminated to improve aviation costs and environmental impact, the dynamics of electrical power absorptions is to be characterised and managed to avoid excessive peaks with respect to generators capabilities. The paper describes the architecture of a Matlab/Simulink simulation platform developed in order to design and validate of the electrical energy management logics, which lead up to 32% reduction of the maximum power request for the case study considered. Thanks to an approach based on a mixing of co-simulation and S-function compiling, the platform integrates models coming from different environments (AMESim, Dymola/Modelica), and developed by various partners/specialists.

Tuo Shan Yan Dam and City Ningbo: Exploring the Historical Logic of Urban Water Management through a Big City of China

Tuo Shan Yan Dam and City Ningbo: Exploring the Historical Logic of Urban Water Management through a Big City of China

Institutions and institutional logics in construction safety management: the case of climatic heat stress

We employed a Glaserian grounded theory approach to explore the gap between behavioural safety and its unsatisfactory outcomes. Data were collected through ethnographic studies on the practice of managing heat stress on thirty-six construction sites in Hong Kong and Chonqing in mainland China. Two core concepts, institutions and institutional logics, are generated and defined to explain why safety rules do not necessarily produce safety behaviours. At society level, we explicated two pairs of institutional logics: the religion logics (Confucianism vs. pragmatism) and the market logics (rational market vs. individualism). At project organizational level, two logics of processing safety in production are explicated: a protection logic in the Chongqing context and a production logic in the Hong Kong context. The concepts and sub-concepts are compared to existing business literature for clarification of scopes. Empirical findings of the study suggest safety intervention needs to redirect its focus from promoting safety alone to addressing the institutional logics of the entire organization and its societal context practised by multiple levels of actors. We conclude that safety research would benefit from redirecting its focus of analysis from discourses, interviews or surveys to authenticated cases reconstructed through triangulation of actors’ discourses at multiple levels of an organization, third-party observation, physiological data and objective measurement of the work environment. Methodologically, this paper provides a detailed guidance for conducting grounded theory research with a focus of conceptualization.

25 Years of Real Option Empirical Research in Management

For several decades, management scholars have extolled the virtues of using real option logic when making decisions under uncertainty. Real option logic suggests that in such situations, firms might be better off deferring or staging investments, minimizing potential financial losses, while at the same time securing an option to grow (or abandon) the investment when uncertainty abates. Our analysis of the empirical research published in leading management journals over the past 25 years suggests that while some progress has been made, much more work needs to be done. We still do not have the answers to critical questions such as: Which entrepreneurial/managerial traits impact the identification of real options? Which behavioral biases impact the exploitation of real options? Do multiple types of uncertainties interact with each other and influence real option decisions? Does the lack of a specific pre-investment buy-out arrangement impact a firm’s ability to capture the value of growth/abandonment options? How does the choice of a current option structure influence the value of past option investments? Addressing these and other issues identified in our study can help improve our understanding of the usefulness of real option logic in management.