Management In Nigeria Research Articles

The Effects of Abattoir Management on Consumer Health in Okene Local Government Area of Kogi State

Abattoir management in Nigeria has been of great concern. Almost every day in all urban and rural markets in our country, animals are slaughtered while the meats are sold to the public for consumption. The public health has become prone to a lot of sickness and illnesses that need an urgent overhaul of the abattoir in Okene Local Government Area of Kogi State. The issue of environmental pollution is perceived not simply as a narrow ecological problem of how to ensure a symbolic and cognitive interference between man and the environment. The activities of the abattoir are meant to regain the suitable and edible portion of slaughtered animals for human consumption. In the process, important quantities of waste materials are brought into existence. Health implications of improper waste disposed are enormous and cannot be ignored. Wastes that are not properly disposed can cause waste pollution, which may breed diseases like cholera, typhoid, among others, which point to the fact that a proper understanding of the disposal and management of waste becomes imperative for the study. A good number of researchers point out that slaughter house activities are responsible for the pollution of surface and underground water. In addition to the quality of air which directly or indirectly affect the health of residents living within the vicinity of abattoir. Inadequate discharge of blood and animal feces into streams caused a huge reduction in Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), in water as well as nutrients over enrichment of the receiving system caused an increased rate of toxic accumulation. The reliability of BAT was determined using Kuder-Richardson 21. By administering the instrument to 30 abattoirs in two different zones in Okene Local Government Area of Kogi state, mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while analysis of Chi-Square was employed to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. There should be cordial relationships between policy makers and the abattoirs for provision of essential resources for testing the healthy nature of slaughtered animals like laboratory, slaughtered slabs, and method of butchering, tender for selling meat, among others .

Role of Leadership in Strategic Management in Nigeria

Purpose: The study sought to analyze the role of leadership in strategic management in Nigeria
 Methodology: The research was conducted entirely on desktop review methoods. Secondary data, or data that doesn't require actual observation in the field, are the focus of desk research. Because it requires little more than an executive's time, telephone rates, and directories, desk research is generally seen as a low-cost strategy in comparison to field research. As a result, the research used data that had already been collected and reported. Secondary sources such as internet journals and libraries made this information readily available.
 Findings: The results show that Leadership is a critical element of strategic management. Leaders are responsible for setting the direction, vision and culture of the organization. They must also be able to develop and execute plans to achieve the organization’s objectives. Leaders in Nigeria must be able to anticipate, plan, lead, motivate and manage change. They must be able to develop strategies that are aligned with the organization’s objectives, and that will enable the organization to achieve a competitive advantage. They must also be able to effectively manage risk, create an environment of performance and excellence, and create a culture of trust and collaboration.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Future research in the field of strategic management may employ the transformational leadership theory and the contingency leadership theory as a foundation. Policymakers, researchers, and academics from all across the world will all stand to gain from this study's findings. The study's findings will also be used by the country's top strategic management executives to boost the effectiveness of their teams' leadership across the board. Effective strategic management policies in the leadership are advocated for in the study as a means to boost efficiency across key operations and activities.

Assessment of Timber Harvest in Ondo State, Nigeria between 2013 and 2019

The high rate of timber harvest from the forest without any replacement is hostile to the achievement of the objectives of sustainable forest management in Nigeria. The study was carried out to investigate the rate of timber harvest in Ondo state, Nigeria. Secondary data on logging activities from both forest reserves and free areas between 2013 and 2019 in the three forestry administrative zones - Akure, Ore, and Okitipupa were collected from the Ondo state department of forestry official records, files and annual reports. Analyses were carried out using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test for significant difference in the number of stems and volumes extracted between 2013 and 2019 in the study area. Results revealed that 49,063 and 8409 stems were harvested from free areas and reserves respectively within this period. It was showed that 118323.0m3 and 19022.1m3 stem volume were also removed from free areas and forest reserves respectively. Generally, there was significant difference (p<0.05) in the number of stems and volumes removed from free areas and forest reserves within these years. The study concluded that unregulated timber harvest is a threat to biodiversity conservation and recommended that conservative measures should be put in place to protect forest areas from deforestation and that more protected area should be established.

Financial Performance Adequacy of Pension Fund Managers in Nigeria

Purpose: Traditionally, the Nigerian pension fund system was based on a defined benefit scheme for the public and private sectors and coincided with serious challenges in the payment of retirement benefits to retirees. These challenges led to the introduction of a defined contribution scheme in terms of the Pension Reforms Act. Since the management of pension fund assets is the sole responsibility of pension fund managers, there is a need to investigate the adequacy of pension fund managers’ financial performance since the change in pension fund regime. The pertinent research question in the study was: To what extent do pension cost incurred, revenue, the inflation rate and total contribution affect benefits paid and cash inflow? The extent to which federal government bonds, securities, total contribution and the inflation rate affect investment income were also examined. Methodology: Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) cointegration and multiple regression were used in the analysis of the data. Findings: The results of the study revealed that in both the short-term and long-term analysis, other costs incurred by pension fund management lead to lower benefits paid to retirees. Furthermore, higher administrative costs lead to higher benefits paid, given that increases in administrative costs promote higher inflow contributions, and investing in federal government bonds and, in particular, Treasury bills promotes higher investment income. Thus, securities increase investment income, and the higher the inflation rate, the higher the investment income. Originality/Value: The policy implication signifies a need to reduce pension costs incurred on pension fund management and to encourage more investment in real assets that can militate against inflation.

EXTERNAL AUDITOR, BOARD ATTRIBUTES, ACCRUAL AND REAL EARNINGS MANAGEMENT LINKAGE: NEW EVIDENCE FROM EMERGING ECONOMY

This paper further examines the influence of external auditor and board attributes on incidence of discretionary accruals and real earnings management in Nigeria. The sample size comprises fifty (50) purposively selected quoted non-financial firms for a 7 year period (2014–2020), culminating into a 350 dataset. The descriptive statistics depict absence of both discretionary accruals and real earnings management with either classifications dependent upon the auditor-type, board independence and profitability among quoted non-financial firms in Nigeria. The regression results indicate reduction in discretionary accruals owing to concerted audit efforts and lower board size while large profitable firms still possess the tendencies to use discretionary accruals in manipulating earnings. On real manipulative propensities by management, audit fees contribute greatly while auditor-type and presence of female directors on corporate boards exhibit negative and statistically significant association with real earnings management.

Stakeholders' Perspectives of Healthcare Commodities Supply Chain Management Practices, Processes, and Challenges: Implications for Achieving Universal Health Coverage in Southeast Nigeria.

Healthcare commodities supply chain management is critical for achieving universal health coverage (UHC). In Southeast Nigeria, healthcare commodities supply chain management faces several challenges, including inadequate infrastructure, poor logistics systems, and inadequate human resources. Understanding stakeholders' perspectives of healthcare commodities supply chain management practices, processes, and challenges is essential for improving supply chain performance and achieving UHC. The objectives are to: explore stakeholders' perspectives of healthcare commodities supply chain management practices, processes, and challenges in Southeast Nigeria, identify gaps and challenges in healthcare commodities supply chain management and provide recommendations for improving healthcare commodities supply chain management practices and processes to achieve UHC in Southeast Nigeria. This study used a qualitative approach. We conducted in-depth interviews among 30 key stakeholders involved in healthcare commodities supply chain management in Southeast Nigeria. Stakeholders included healthcare supply chain managers and programme officers. We used a purposive sampling technique to select participants based on their involvement in healthcare commodities supply chain management. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. The supply chain management practices within the States is the pull system and the processes which include, selection, quantification, procurement, storage, inventory management, distribution, and logistics management information systems are done differently in the States. Several factors affect supply chain management in southeast Nigeria, and these include material, human and financial resources as well as policy issues. The study's findings will be relevant to policymakers, healthcare providers, and supply chain managers in Nigeria and other low- and middle-income countries facing similar challenges.

Plastic Pollution in Nigeria: The Need for Legislation to Tackle the Menace

Collection, disposal and management of plastic waste and polythene bags is a growing problem in Nigeria. The use of plastic/polythene bags made of thin plastic film has increased significantly in recent years. The manner of disposal of these items has resulted in the degradation of the natural environment. In Nigeria, lots of plastics are used on daily basis, of which most, if not all of them, are not properly disposed of. Some of these items end up in landfills, littering the environment, harming wildlife or blocking drainages, therefore, increasing the risk of flood. This paper examines the existing laws in relation to waste management in Nigeria and the inadequacies of the existing legislation in combating this phenomenon. The doctrinal method of research was used and it is recommended that there is a need for new legislation to be enacted for Nigeria to surmount the menace of plastic pollution.

THE IMPLICATION OF GENETIC MEDICINE IN BREAST CANCER THERAPY IN NIGERIA: CLINICAL PRACTICE AND RESEARCH

In the preceding three decades, breast cancer occurrence and mortality rates have proliferated in Nigeria. Despite the considerable health, socioeconomic and developmental burdens breast cancer imposes on Nigeria, researchers have not extensively explored the use of genetic medicine in the management of this disease in Nigerian patients. This review’s objectives were to compare the diagnosis, treatment, and research of breast cancer in Nigeria and other countries. In addition, it also highlighted the setbacks and difficulties in breast cancer management in Nigeria. This journal employs a literature review. Detailed relevant articles were researched in two main electronic databases - Google Scholar and PubMed. The databases were analysed for keywords including: “breast cancer,” “breast cancer therapy,” “breast cancer diagnosis,” “breast cancer in Nigeria,” and “genetic medicine in breast cancer.” Only journals written in the English language between 1998 and 2022 were considered. 34 journals were identified, of which 22 were used for this review. Findings showed that genetics is not often considered for predicting and treating breast cancer. They also show that due to late presentation at the hospital, triple-negative breast cancer, usually at stage III or IV, is the most common breast cancer type in Nigeria. Genetic medicine should be integrated into the therapy and management of breast cancer in Nigeria. It will allow prediction of the disease, and timely diagnosis and ultimately possibly lead to a decline in breast cancer mortality and morbidity, just like in developed countries (high-income countries) such as The United States of America, Canada, and Sweden.

BIG DATA: AN INDISPENSABLE RESOURCE FOR BUSINESS MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA

Big Data opens up new business opportunities, and businesses can use it to gain a competitive advantage. New technologies are expected to be used in business management, particularly in data exchange, document recognition, communication and text recognition, receipt and payment transactions, and excel replacement. Big Data has evolved to account for the rapidly increasing quantities of digital information systems generated, the effort required to create information that can be analyzed, and the actual use of that data as capital to increase efficiency and improve business management decision-making. Against this backdrop, this research investigates the importance of Big Data in business management in Nigeria. In order to gather data for this study, relevant information was extracted from books, conference papers, public records, journals, and other sources. This study comes to the conclusion that efficient data use is becoming the foundation of competition; Big Data fundamentally alters how companies compete and function. Businesses in Nigeria that make the necessary investments and successfully extract value from their data will have a clear advantage over their rivals. Almost every aspect of business, from research and development to sales, marketing, and supply-chain management, including new growth opportunities, has the potential to be transformed by Big Data. The study among others recommends strategies to optimize the benefits of Big Data for business value in Nigeria. This study is significant because it investigates a problem in a largely unexplored area of research in Nigeria. As a result, this research adds to the body of knowledge on the role of Big Data in business management in Nigeria.

Bridging the Gap between Perceived Pro-Environmental Benefits and Pro-Environmental Behavior: Mediating Roles of Green Work Climate and Pro-Environmental Training

Recent initiatives from the government, nongovernmental organizations, and professional bodies in the Nigerian construction industry to encourage pro-environmental behaviors (PEBs) have created awareness on the benefits of engaging in PEB. However, PEB on construction sites in Nigeria remains low. This study explored the effect of perceived pro-environmental benefits (PPEBs) on PEB among construction site managers in Nigeria, and the mechanism through which PPEBs can lead to PEB through pro-environmental training (PET) and green work climate (GWC). A total of 257 usable responses were obtained from a survey of construction project managers and evaluated using the structural equation modeling method. The results obtained indicate that PPEBs had no significant effect on PEB, whereas PET and GWC fully mediated the relationship between PPEBs and PEB. This study’s findings fill existing gaps in the literature and provide academicians, policymakers, and construction industry practitioners with in-depth knowledge of other variables such as PET and GWC, through which PPEBs can translate into PEB on construction project sites.

Supply Side Liberalization and Foreign Exchange Management in Nigeria

The daunting challenge of foreign exchange control in Nigeria has remained a burdensome economic issue to deal with economic management. Virtually in every socio-political debate, the exchange rate management is yet to be a resolved paradigm. This study empirically examined the supply side liberalization as proxy of personal diaspora remittance and exchange rate management in Nigeria. Technique of Vector Autoregression (VAR) was employed to examine the direction of shocks arising from the exchange movement with respect to diaspora remittances (REMIT), and foreign direct investment (FDI). The findings showed that, growth of remittance results in exchange rate appreciation when pass through official channel, and vice versa. While, controlling for FDI, exchange rate movement improves with growth of FDI in the short run, and decreases due to improper capital control mechanism. Policy recommendation has it that: The Nigerian Monetary Authority should harmonize the dual exchange rate aimed at maximizing the gains of capital control and achieve domestic monetary policy success; Government should implement friendly tax policies, zero charges and lowered administrative bottlenecks to clearing personal diaspora remittance inflow aimed at minimizing diversion of foreign capital into unofficial route.

Sustainable Water Supply and Management in Nigeria: Challenges in the Niger Delta Region

Sustainable Water Supply and Management in Nigeria: Challenges in the Niger Delta Region

Effect of Managerial Ownership and Audit Committee Financial Expertise on Earnings Management of Listed Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria

Earnings management research has a long and rich history. However, the effect of managerial ownership and audit committee financial expertise on earnings management is rarely conducted in the developing countries like Nigeria. Therefore, this study examines how managerial ownership and audit committee financial expertise on earnings management of listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria. This study used the Roychowdhury approach to measure real earnings management. Thirty-four (34) manufacturing companies out of seventy-three (73) population that were listed on the Nigerian Exchange (NGX) from 2007 to 2021 was selected as sample size. Data was gleaned from the annual financial reports of the sampled companies for this study. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and quantile regression analysis are the econometric techniques used to test the analysed data and for hypothesis testing. Results from the study showed that managerial ownership significantly affects real-earnings management. When the effect was moderated by the financial expertise of the audit committee, the effect of ownership structure on real earnings management disappears. The result from the study show that managers of manufacturing firms in Nigeria should be encouraged to own more shares in the companies they manage in order to minimize real earnings management. The evidence can theoretically serve as a solid foundation for regulatory action, notably through improving the alignment of managers' and shareholders' interests. The results from this study have important implications for regulators, who will gain from understanding how managerial ownership affects real earnings management and improve the accuracy of financial reporting. The findings will also help policymakers and academics to understand how managerial ownership affects real earnings management in Nigeria.

Ownership Concentration and Earnings Management of Listed Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria: Audit Committee Financial Expertise

Significant corporate shareholders can exert undue pressure on managers to enhance earnings in order to increase corporate value, and that as a result of this undue pressure, managers to resort to earnings management practice in the corporations they manage. This study examined the moderating role of audit committee expertise on the relationship between ownership concentration and real-earnings management in Nigeria. The independent variable (ownership concentration) was measured as shareholders who have more than 5% equity stake in a company, and real-earnings management was measured using the Roychowdhury approach. Audit committee financial expertise which is the moderator, was measured in binary form, 1 if at least one member of the committee has accounting experience, and 0 otherwise. This paper used a sample of 34 manufacturing companies listed on the Nigerian Exchange (NGX) over a period of 15 years from 2007 to 2021. Data was collected from the annual financial reports of the sampled companies. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and Quantile regression was employed for data analysis and the findings show OWNCON has a positive and insignificant effect on REM. However, when audit committee financial expertise was used as a moderator, the effect of ownership concentration on the real- earnings management of listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria became statistically significant. Based on the findings, the study recommends that manufacturing companies should have more concentrated owners because the higher the concentration the less tendency of REM of listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria.

A Sociological Perspective on the Impact of Technology on Airport Management in Nigeria

This paper focuses on Sociological Perspective on the impact of technology on airport management, with focus on Nigeria. Its general aim is to ascertain the impact technology has on airport management; in particular: 1). To find out the implications advances in technology has on airport security management, 2). ascertain the implications of advances in technology on job retention for airport workers, 3). examine the impact of technology on airport users'experience, and 4) identify policy-based recommendations for a way forward. To achieve these objectives, the paper employed qualitative descriptive method; the use of tabulation, and graphic illustration in its analysis. For the sake of proper understanding, and with the aid of extrapolations, a Sociological theory, 'Functionalism', was adopted as the theoretical framework. In its expected outcomes, the study revealed the type of relationship between the two variables (technology and airport management), and the implications for Nigeria as a whole, and airport stakeholders in particular. A few of the findings include: technology has both positive and negative impact in Nigeria's airport management processes; it assures airport users'advantage, as well portends risk; it aids airport workers' workflow convenience, as well portends future job loss, etc. The paper therefore recommends, 1. Nigerian government should embrace the global advances in airport technology but at the same time brace up for its discontents; 2. Airport users should be technology-compliant to enable them appropriate the advantages of new airport technologies and manage its discontents as well; inter alia .
 
 Received: 6 October 2022 / Accepted: 27 December 2022 / Published: 5 January 2023

Physical Planning Administrative Structures; Impacts and Implication for Urban Development & Its Management

This paper examines the physical planning administrative structures, impacts and implication for urban development and its management in Nigeria by identifying the various forms of administrative structures, examining how the identified administrative structures impact on the development and management of urban areas. The extensive literature reviews show-case four different and unique administrative structures; Weak Mayor-Council Structure, Strong Mayor-Council Structure, Commission System and the Council-Manager System. The purposive sampling technique was used to draw 4 planning authorities with different or similar administrative structures and how it has affected physical planning within the urban metropolis. The snowball, Purposive and Convenience sampling methods were employed for the Face-to-face interview and the documents that were reviewed on the 4 planning authorities. The thematic and content analyses were used to analyse the face-to-face interviews and over 70 archive documents. The results revealed that two of the planning authorities have the same administrative structures; The Commission System and the Council-Manager System administrative structures were reflective of the planning authorities. The impact of these structures revealed a high level of haphazard development around and about the entire metropolis, Nigeria and an implication of inadequacy of the administrative structures to control urban development and its management over the years. Based on the results obtained, recommendations were made for the academia, practitioners and policy makers.

Exploring Socio-Cultural Factors in the Context of Urban Environmental Management in Nigeria

This study explores the socio-cultural factors influencing urban environmental management in Nigeria and investigates the challenges and opportunities for integrating socio-cultural perspectives into policies and practices. Utilizing the Social-Ecological Systems (SES) approach, the research examines the role of cultural beliefs and practices, social norms, education and awareness, and the impact of urbanization on socio-cultural dynamics. The objectives are to identify the socio-cultural factors influencing urban environmental management, examine their interrelationships, and propose recommendations for sustainable development. The study highlights the significance of traditional ecological knowledge, cultural values and beliefs, social norms, education and awareness, and effective governance and policy frameworks through qualitative and quantitative analyses. The findings underscore the importance of integrating socio-cultural perspectives into environmental policies and promoting multi-stakeholder collaboration. By recognizing and leveraging these factors, Nigeria can enhance urban environmental management strategies, foster sustainable development, and ensure the well-being of its urban residents and the environment.

The State and Security Management in Nigeria: A Study of Anambra State, 2014-2022

Security is a major issue in the governance of any state and hence the success of any administration is usually measured in terms of her ability to adequately manage the security situations in such a state. The study examined the state and security management in Anambra State between 2014 and 2020. The study is qualitative in nature as data collection was based on the secondary sources of data, while the Social Contract Theory was judiciously utilized as the framework of analysis. Based on this, the study revealed that; poor equipment’s amongst other factors are challenges that impeded proper security management in Anambra State under Governor Willie Obiano’s administration; again, the study showed that there has been a systematic approach towards addressing security challenges in the state by government. The efforts being made by the state agencies to curb the menace of insecurity of all kinds are synchronized though not very effective. From the findings, the study recommended that; first, the government should make sure that its policies are implemented effectively. It is not enough to make good policies while implementing it is a problem. Government must realize that it has a limited time and should therefore use it effectively. Secondly, government agencies like the National Orientation Agency (NOA) should be made to be functional in carrying out their responsibilities. Here, government can partner with the civil society in enlightening citizens on government programmes. The citizens on their part are expected to play roles that will complement government efforts. The citizens need to be more security conscious. Citizens should be sensitized and mobilized from time to time, to fulfil their civic obligations. They should be law-abiding, pay their taxes and other dues correctly and promptly. Citizens should be courageous to criticize or engage the government constructively. In doing this, public facilities and projects should be properly maintained and sustained, and both government and the citizens have roles to play to achieve this.

AN APPRAISAL OF LEGAL RESPONSES TO GAS FLARING AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA

This paper aims to identify and evaluate the legal responses to the challenges of gas flaring and greenhouse emission management in Nigeria. In Nigeria, there is a need to combat the problem of indiscriminate flaring of gas to provide a safe environment for yet-unborn generations. Gas flaring has resulted in the extinction of species in the environment, and once species are depleted to the point of extinction, they cannot be renewed; as a result, the loss of these plant and animal species will make it difficult for future generations to meet their needs. As a result, it is critical to protect these resources to ensure long-term development. In the face of pollution and environmental degradation, maintaining the environment will be a difficult and debilitating challenge to the ecosystem. Exploration of oil and gas has therefore become an environmental albatross in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. The discharge or flaring of gases from exploration sites pollutes the air, water, and soil. The overreliance on fossil fuels to power cars, industrial machinery and home energy sources in Nigeria has created a risk for petroleum resources, threatening long-term growth. The paper thus introduces the incidences of gas flaring in Nigeria, highlights a brief review of opinions and scholars’ perspectives on the subject and the overview of the challenges of gas flaring and greenhouse gas emission in Nigeria, and explores the impacts of gas flaring in the Nigeria Delta area and the Nigerian ecosystem. The paper finds that there are a number of challenges with the operation, administration and content of the existing legal frameworks and mechanisms available to combat gas flaring and greenhouse gas emissions in Nigeria and there is a need for improvement, to ensure they engender proper clean-up and remediation. The paper concluded by stating that there exists a need to strike a healthy balance between economic development and sustainable development and this can only be achieved if there is a political will on the part of the Nigerian federal government to enforce its anti-gas flaring laws to guarantee energy security and ensure a safe, clean, and healthy environment for all and sundry in Nigeria whilst giving recommendations on the need for effective management, capture, re-use and conversion of flared gases into a power-lean-and-clean project and the regulation/administration of greenhouse emission in Nigeria.

Measurement models for market risk management in Nigeria

Market risk is connected with the price fluctuations and other market factor movements on four of the world’s most prominent financial markets: Debt securities market, stock market, currency market and commodity market. The high level of unpredictability in the market in which organizations operate is a significant element driving the fast growth of risk measurement and management. Firms are exposed to more market risk in a volatile environment, which offers a motivator for them to develop new and improved risk models. This paper generally analyzes the performance of different models which try to solve, estimate, measure and manage various market risks in order to derive parameters which aid good decision making.