European Management Research Articles

Working strategically with Big Data in the tourism sector: a qualitative study of twelve European destination management organisations

ABSTRACT This article presents the results of 12 semi-structured in-depth interviews with data experts from destination management organisations across Europe. The analysis revealed three overarching themes concerning the use of Big Data in the tourism sector: (1) size matters when it comes to utilising the information from Big Data sources – bigger is not perhaps better, but larger companies are more capable of harvesting the full potentials of the information; (2) companies lack the required competencies to work with Big Data strategically; and (3) one of the proposed solutions from the respondents was surprisingly a desire to share their data with the competitors thereby gaining a competitive leverage. Concluding on the above we suggest further areas for potential research: clarification of relevant competencies when working with Big Data, furthering collaboration between tourism companies to maximise the potential of sharing, and research into the effect on COVID-19 on Big Data and strategy.

Smart transport in a smart city: European and Russian development management track

Smart transport is one of the dominant factors in the development of smart cities, the competitiveness of which is achieved by the compliance of the management track with the best world practices. The purpose of the study is to enrich the management tools for the development of smart transport in smart cities of Russia based on a comparison of the European and Russian development management tracks. The methods of qualitative comparative analysis and logical generalization made it possible to identify the features of the content of Russian and international smart transport standards, to systematize management tools for achieving standardized indicators of smart transport in a smart city by the transport infrastructure. “Gaps” in the instrumental base in the Russian track of managing the development of smart transport are associated with the underuse of digital platforms and citizen initiatives that are widely represented in European practice. The scientific novelty of the results is achieved by a comparative approach to the tools for managing the development of smart transport in a smart city, consists of assessing the differences between Russian and European management tracks, of justified directions for using European experience in the Russian Federation. The paper provides practical recommendations for the inclusion of digital platforms with proven efficiency at the corporate level in management tools; for increasing the role of innovative initiatives of citizens in the formation of smart transport. Practical recommendations can be used in the development of transport strategies, transport sections of the strategies for the socio-economic development of the constituent entities and municipalities of the Russian Federation using not only program-project, but also platform-initiative goal-setting tools.

Audit Committee Competence and Earnings Management in Europe

This study analyses the association between the competence of audit committee members and earnings management in a sample of 142 non-financial firms from France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom over the 2006–2013 period. We measure members’ competence through their dedication and expertise. We find that outside directorships have a dual effect, such that a balanced level of dedication to the audit committee (roughly two outside directorships) reduces earnings management. We examine four types of expertise: audit, non-audit accounting, non-accounting financial, and supervisory expertise. We find a negative relation between earnings management and the audit experience of committee members, and that the other types of expertise play no relevant role. We also find that the contribution of audit experts to curbing earnings management proves particularly important in smaller and less active committees, as well as in smaller and busier boards. Este estudio analiza la asociación entre la competencia de los miembros del Comité de Auditoría y la gestión de los beneficios en una muestra de 142 empresas no financieras de Francia, Alemania, Italia, España y el Reino Unido durante el período 2006-2013. Se mide la competencia de los miembros a través de su dedicación y experiencia. Se descubre que el cargo de consejero externo tiene un efecto doble, de modo que un nivel equilibrado de dedicación al comité de auditoría (aproximadamente dos cargos de consejero externo) reduce la gestión de beneficios. Se examinan igualmente cuatro tipos de experiencia: de auditoría, contable no relacionada con la auditoría, financiera no contable y de supervision, encontrándose una relación negativa entre la gestión de beneficios y la experiencia en auditoría de los miembros del comité, y que los otros tipos de experiencia no desempeñan ningún papel relevante. También se descubre que la contribución de los expertos en auditoría para limitar la gestión de beneficios resulta especialmente importante en los comités más pequeños y menos activos, así como en los consejos más pequeños y más ocupados.

The Engagement of Informal Volunteers in Disaster Management in Europe

The Engagement of Informal Volunteers in Disaster Management in Europe

ESTIMATION OF RADIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES FOR A HYPOTHETICAL RADIOACTIVE RELEASE AT CERNAVODA NPP

An analysis regarding the release and atmospheric transport ofradionuclides in case of a hypothetical nuclear incident at Cernavoda Nuclear Power Plant was performed in the present paper. For that purpose, the computer code JRodos (Real-Time Online Decision Support System for Offsite Emergency Management in Europe) was implied.

THE EUROPEAN SPORT MODELS MANAGEMENT IN THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES EUROPEAN UNION

The relevance of the European model modern sports management development in the European Union countries today is a factor in the competitiveness and sports survival in crisis and instability conditions. A document published by the Commission in 1998 highlighted that the traditional sport organization model in Europe had undergone major changes since the 1980s, leading to a gradual alignment of its high level with commercial interests and a reconceptualization around spectator sport. The goal of the European model formation in modern sports management should be the changes that will occur in the European Union countries, to promote the development of an atmosphere to competitiveness and self-realization of a person in the sports world. The European modern sports management model in the European Union countries combines all the sports management resources – administrative, economic, cultural, social, technological, which contribute to the model formation as a single integral sports development project. The purpose of the research is to investigate the theoretical and practical aspects of the European model in modern sports management in the European Union countries. Research objectives: 1) to reveal the pyramidal European sports structure; 2) determine the directions of European sports model formation; 3) justify the approaches and principles to the formation of the European sports model; 4) identify the priorities of the European sports model in modern society. Setting the goal led to the use of the following methods and techniques. The following methods are used to study the theoretical and practical aspects of the European modern sports management model in the European Union countries: 1) institutional – for the organization of institutes of the European dimension of sports and their organization at the level of the national state; 2) axiological – to measure the values of European sports and their transformation in sports organizations; 3) structural and functional – identifying the functions of sport organization leaders and their implementation for the transformation of the modern sport dimension; 4) behavioral – identifying the behavioral motives of sports managers and their relationships with subordinates to the organizing feedback purpose; 5) systemic – arrangement of separate sports organizations into a single entity that creates a system. It has been proven that “European sport” is a symbolic, political and scientific construction that gives practical results. European sports activity (through the sports movement), the harmonization work of European institutions, transnational sports exchanges, the circulation of European professional athletes and the sports media work created not only a community of European thought about sports, but also a certain vision of the European and its mental map territory. The practical significance of the study is that the European Union contributes to the European sports promotion, taking into account its specificity, structure, social and educational function.

Challenges from the Introduction of Artificial Intelligence in the European Air Traffic Management System

The Air Traffic Management (ATM) system can be defined as a “Joint Cognitive System” of people, teams, and artifacts that adapts to the challenges and demands posed by familiar and unfamiliar situations in a dynamically evolving operational context. In the era of digitalization and Big Data we live, an incremental modernization of the ATM system is expected in the coming years with the pervasive implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML). In this paper, we present the findings from an initial attempt to detect and document the fundamental challenges of the introduction of AI, in the European ATM system through the lens of Cognitive Systems Engineering paradigm. We also discuss how these challenges give rise to difficult to resolve safety and performance related patterns in the ATM system.

High Performance Implementation of Next Generation Aeronautical Communication Systems

Current air traffic communication systems are mainly based on voice communication, with a newer digital communication technology called L-Band Digital Aeronautical Communication System (LDACS) being investigated in the Single European Sky Air Traffic Management Research (SESAR) project. An essential feature of this communication infrastructure is the encoding of data that guarantees reliable transport. While the encoding in the transmission path is straightforward, the decoding is computationally expensive due to the peculiarities of the convolutional codes used. As the target platform for the communication equipment is an embedded system, a proper system design is essential for the receiving path to ensure real-time processing. This paper therefore focuses on the hardware/software co-design of the functional system parts needed for decoding in the LDACS radio receiver. We describe the fundamental design considerations, followed by the actual implementation in form of software and FPGA-based hardware modules. Subsequently, the decoding solution was verified to prove a standard-compliant system. In an experimental validation, the actual system was fed with test data from a reference system. This allows conclusions to be drawn about system characteristics like data throughput, latency, and error correction. The resulting system demonstrates high-performance decoding that can exceed the desired requirements for quality and speed for use in the LDACS communication system.

The effect of the Croatian Free Route Airspace implementation on the Air Traffic Complexity

It is well known that the increase in air traffic brings some negative connotations regarding delays, airspace capacity, air traffic controller workload, etc. To mitigate those problems, the European Commission has issued a development plan through the Single European Sky initiative, which yields a dozen solutions through the Single European Sky Air Traffic Management Research Joint Undertaking. Some of which is Free Route Airspace which enables aircraft operators to fly and plan direct routes through the airspace. Since this solution changes the way that the aircraft flies through airspace, different and new airspace routes have emerged. In this paper, the authors used fast time simulations with the PRU complexity model to observe how air traffic complexity was affected through Free Route Airspace implementation. It was observed that the increase in occupancy followed the increase in air traffic complexity, but not all results could be explained through the increase in the occupancy count. Also, to verify suspected claims the pre-FRA traffic from the 2016 was run on the FRA airspace and the reduction of complexity was observed. The authors concluded that the Free Route Airspace helped reduce the overall air traffic complexity, but further research and validation are still needed to concisely confirm those claims.

Disaster Risk Management and Cultural Heritage: The Perceptions of European World Heritage Site Managers on Disaster Risk Management

Disaster Risk Management and Cultural Heritage: The Perceptions of European World Heritage Site Managers on Disaster Risk Management

The Relevance of Enterprise Risk Management Methodologies to European Project Funding Calls: The Case of Grant “Performance and Excellence in the Field of Environment and Renewable Energy through Modern Cluster Entities”

Capital providers, such as shareholders on capital markets or European funding providers, are interested in the net present value of discounted cash flow and the risks or opportunities that may contribute to financial planning in a negative or positive way. Since the Sarbanes Oxley act, corporations listed on US capital markets are demanded to practice enterprise risk management. There are several methodologies in place: the COSO framework, ISO 31 0000, RIMs Risk Maturity. These are holistic approaches to risk management in all business aspects, with a designated methodology. This methodology will be the scholarly literature review in this article, whose goal to elaborate the reference enterprise risk management methodologies and their relevance in empirical data analysis, European project funding calls. European projects demand risk management and mitigation, but do not offer a reference framework to do this. The article purposes to make European funds easy to understand as their requirements are explained and the most suitable scientific solution is sought. The methodology is a descriptive case study, with instrumental value. Findings are that funding authorities, be they capital markets or public funds, benefit highly in their decisions by the integration of opportunities and risks. The research concerns the suitability of enterprise risk management with European funds, and the conclusion of a perfect match confirms theory, brings it new scope, and may be of high practical use as for the coherent and timely documentation of European project funding calls.

How and Why Freight Trains Deviate From the Timetable: Evidence From Sweden

European infrastructure managers (IMs) create annual timetables for trains that will run during a year. Freight trains in Sweden often deviate from this by being <i>added</i>, <i>canceled</i>, <i>delayed</i> or <i>early</i>, resulting in increased costs for IMs and railway undertakings (RUs). We investigate the frequency of and causes for these deviations, using one year of operational data for 48,000 trains, and 15 stakeholder interviews. We find that about 20&#x0025; of freight trains are <i>added</i> once the timetable has been created, and that <i>cancelations</i> occur for about 35&#x0025; of freight trains, mostly at the RUs&#x2019; initiative. <i>Delays</i> are common: some 40&#x0025; of departures, 30&#x0025; of runtimes, and 20&#x0025; of dwell times are delayed. Running <i>early</i> is even more common: 80&#x0025; are ready to depart early, and 60&#x0025; do so, while 40&#x0025; of runtimes and 75&#x0025; of dwell times are shorter than scheduled. We find links and feedback loops between the root causes for these deviations and suggest that IMs reserve more of the capacity that is needed for freight trains and instead distribute it throughout the year. This could lead to more appropriate, attractive, and reliable timetables for freight trains, whilst greatly reducing the amount of planning effort.

Perspectives for Reform of the European Crisis Management Framework for Banks and the Completion of European Banking Union

Perspectives for Reform of the European Crisis Management Framework for Banks and the Completion of European Banking Union

Wound debridement products and techniques: clinical examples and literature review.

The term “debridement” stands for the removal of necrotic material, scabs, devitalized tissues, dried serous fluid, infected tissues, biofilm, stratified epidermis, pus, hematomas, foreign bodies, bone fragments and other impurities whose presence delays wound healing. It is an inseparable element of wound healing therapy. Properly performed debridement leads to improvement of microcirculation in the wound, reduction in inflammation and lowering of the level of metalloproteinases, stimulation of wound edges and epidermis, reduction in unpleasant odour and reduction in the risk of infection and improvement of the patient’s quality of life. There are many debridement techniques approved by the European Wound Management Association. The selection of the most appropriate method depends on many factors such as tissue type, presence of biofilm, depth and location of the wound, underlying cause (venous, arterial), skills of the person performing the debridement and the preferences of the patient him/herself. In our work we present not only a systematic review of most of the debridement techniques used nowadays, but also our clinical cases showing results of those different techniques.

E-Learning and Blended-Learning Program in Wound Care for Undergraduate Nursing Students.

Due to an increasing number of undergraduate students in a Bachelor of Nursing Science program, the existing teaching modalities in wound care were shifted into blended- and e-learning units. The aim is to present the development and implementation of a blended- and e-learning wound care curriculum in an actual nursing program. The development of the blended- and e-learning units is based on literature reviews and expert discussions. The process was guided by the learning outcomes defined by the European Wound Management Association. The implementation was planned for 3 years. All 14 learning units were developed and implemented using 12 blended and two e-learning units. Flipped classrooms using asynchronous e-learnings and workshops with clinical wound care specialists were used for blended learning. Blended and e-learning are valuable modalities to provide flexibility and deliver learning units based on the latest evidence. The effectiveness of this curriculum needs to be investigated. [J Nurs Educ. 2022;61(1):53-57.].

Issue Information: European Financial Management 1/2022

Issue Information: European Financial Management 1/2022

Development Features and Directions of Modern Management: In the Case of Ukrainian Health Care Institutions

The organization’s management performance is essential for modern managers who strive for positive work results and achievements in public life. The authors have emphasized that healthcare reformation requires the selection of effective management staff since changes in healthcare are designed to create conditions for the operation of patient-oriented medical institutions. This paper aims to study the issues related to the development of Ukrainian management in current conditions. The authors unveiled the effective interaction between the manager and subordinates in the view of healthcare peculiarities. The methodological basis of this research involved a systematic approach to investigating the theoretical aspects of management. The method of scientific literature analysis in healthcare management was applied. Tabular modeling is used to visualize the study results. The comparison method was used to explore the international management models. The study confirmed that effective communication between the manager and team is an essential management element. The principles of democratic leadership style to build an effective management model in health care institutions of Ukraine were analyzed. To better understand the peculiarities of health care, this paper considered the basic concepts of the study area (medicine, medical activities, and health care) and identified a logical connection between them. The study described the importance and specificity of healthcare for each member of society and the state. The findings showed that the main criteria for evaluating the efficiency of managers in healthcare institutions rest on their understanding of the need to provide quality medical services and develop leadership qualities. This study analyzed the domestic and foreign approaches to developing leadership qualities. The authors provided insight into the democratic style principles in the interaction between the leader, staff, and the business environment. The differences in Japanese, American, and European management models were analyzed. Based on the obtained results, this study proposed the theoretical management model in Ukrainian healthcare institutions to promote the development of organizations.

Digital Human Resources: Proposed Model

Digital human resources and knowledge management are two terms that have been in common use in recent times due to their importance to organizations. Because of the use of the words talent and knowledge that are similar in meaning, people get confused between the two terms but in fact they are different concepts that are applied in different contexts. There are many differences between digital human resources and knowledge management, which will be highlighted in this paper, in addition to suggesting a digital human resources model that organizations can guide when starting to implement the concept of on-line human resources management. References Ahmad, A., Madi, Y., Abuhashesh, M., M Nusairat, N., &amp; Masa’deh, R. E. (2020). The Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of the Adoption of Green Fashion Innovation journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity,6(4), 107. Aljanabi, M., Shkoukani, M., &amp; Hijjawi, M. (2020). 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The Impact of Economic Growth on Unemployment in Jordan during the period 1980-2022

The Impact of Economic Growth on Unemployment in Jordan during the period 1980-2022

Analysis of the possibility of implementing interoperability tests on Polish railways

Ensuring the greatest possible interoperability of rail transport, especially for railways in Europe, is one of the key projects to be implemented using the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS), including the European Train Control System (ETCS) and the Global System for Mobile Communications-Railways (GSM-R). The ERTMS system aims to replace many different rail traffic control systems with one, common and unified European solution (Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/919, 2016), (Directive (EU) 2016/797, n.d.). Its creation was dictated by the desire to standardize the traffic control systems present in the territories of various European countries, at the same time extending their functionality and eliminating the existing technical barriers. The aim of this article is to present the possibility of implementation interoperability tests - IOP tests, on Polish railways. These tests are intended to provide a faster, more accurate and less costly demonstration of compliance with the ETCS interoperability requirements compared to field tests. The work defines the concept of interoperability tests as well as the purpose of their application. The general principles and procedures for conducting interoperability tests are presented. In the further part of the work, the operation of laboratories in the European Union is analysed. The laboratories functional in Switzerland and Spain were selected for this analysis. Following, the paper presents the validity of implementing interoperability tests on the territory of the Republic of Poland. On the basis of the pan-European procedure of conducting interoperability tests and the experience of foreign independent laboratories, conditions for the implementation of tests in the Polish railways were developed, which could be used in the future to introduce IOP tests in Poland.