Management In Wireless Sensor Networks Research Articles

Construction of Wireless Underground Footwork Mobile Training and Monitoring Sensor Network in Venues of Major Sports Events

At the Summer Olympics in Tokyo, technology was used extensively in major sports events. The level of foot movement ability greatly affects the performance of sports technology. Modern sports are developing in the direction of high speed, high skills, flexibility, and rapidity, and more and more reflect the important position of reasonable and accurate foot movement ability in sports. This article uses wireless sensor technology and wireless communication technology to design the overall architecture of the wireless underground footwork mobile training and monitoring network in venues of major sports events. According to the determined monitoring parameters and data transmission plan, a wireless remote monitoring data acquisition system is designed, and the hardware design, software design, and networking of the wireless monitoring node are completed, so as to realize the real‐time monitoring and remote transmission of the underlying data. This paper proposes a wireless sensor network management architecture and method based on multiagent cooperation and combines active and passive wireless underground footwork mobile training and monitoring for experimental verification. A multitask allocation strategy optimized for network working life is proposed. A genetic algorithm is used to model and optimize the task data report routing of cluster head nodes. The simulation experiment results show that the wireless sensor network management method based on multiagent cooperation can effectively coordinate different monitoring sensor nodes to complete the assigned monitoring tasks; the multitask assignment strategy based on a genetic algorithm can optimize the working life of the application network.

SYNTHESIS OF DATA COLLECTION METHODS BY TELECOMMUNICATION AIRPLATFORMS IN WIRELESS SENSORS NETWORKS

Background. Wireless sensor networks using telecommunication airplatforms for monitoring data collection belong to the class of complex, multifunctional, dynamic systems. To increase the efficiency of functioning of this class of networks, it is necessary to develop methods that allow achieving various target functions of network management: increase the time of network functioning, reduce the time of data collection, minimize the resources consumed. An integral part of the wireless sensor network management system is the subsystem of control over data collection from nodes using telecommunication airplatforms. When managing the process of data collection there are scientific tasks: finding the minimum number of points (nodes) of data collection, building the shortest flight routes of these points, defining flight strategies, ensuring the quality ofdata exchange, increasing the time of network operation. At present, there are no effective methods and algorithms to solve these scientific problems. This article is dedicated to the synthesis of methods that solve these problems.Objective. The purpose of the paper is development and improvement of monitoring data collection methods from wireless sensor network nodes on the basis of motion and positioning control of telecommunication air platforms.Methods. The analysis of initial data was performed and the main stages for synthesis of monitoring data collection methods by telecommunication airplatforms in wireless sensory networks were considered. The following mathematical models are proposed: clustering of wireless sensors networks; estimation of network nodes power consumption; time of data collection; quality of monitoring data collection and transmission. The algorithms of search of position and movement of telecommunication airplatforms for achievement of the given control objectives at monitoring data collection are improved.The effectiveness of the proposed methods of monitoring data collection has been assessed.Results. The results of simulation modeling showed that using the proposed models and algorithms in the implementation of monitoring data collection methods from nodes using telecommunication airplatforms allows: reducing data collection time by 15-20%; increasing network operation time by 10-15%; reducing the required number of telecommunications airplatforms to 15%.Conclusions. The synthesized methods make it possible to: determine the position and trajectory of telecommunication airplatforms when optimizing various target functions; perform real-time control; plan the trajectory of telecommunication airplatforms; improve the efficiency of algorithmic and mathematical support of network control system.

Data Processing and Management in IoT and Wireless Sensor Network

The deployment of internet over larger scale may introduce huge challenges based on data processing. The enormous amount of IoT based data needs design-based solution for faster data processing and improving its extensibility and adaptability. Based on various IoT based data processing, servicing technologies may provide data-centric models for scalable services. This work concentrates on an extensive review towards the scalable realization and acquisition of data for process. This IoT based services are larger enough to be concentrated. This review gives an insight towards the data processing and management in IoT and sensor-based networking.

A Survey and Future Directions on Clustering: From WSNs to IoT and Modern Networking Paradigms

Many Internet of Things (IoT) networks are created as an overlay over traditional ad-hoc networks such as Zigbee. Moreover, IoT networks can resemble ad-hoc networks over networks that support device-to-device (D2D) communication, e.g., D2D-enabled cellular networks and WiFi-Direct. In these <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ad-hoc</i> types of IoT networks, efficient <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">topology management</i> is a crucial requirement, and in particular in massive scale deployments. Traditionally, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">clustering</i> has been recognized as a common approach for topology management in ad-hoc networks, e.g., in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Topology management in WSNs and ad-hoc IoT networks has many design commonalities as both need to transfer data to the destination hop by hop. Thus, WSN clustering techniques can presumably be applied for topology management in ad-hoc IoT networks. This requires a comprehensive study on WSN clustering techniques and investigating their applicability to ad-hoc IoT networks. In this article, we conduct a survey of this field based on the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">objectives</i> for clustering, such as reducing energy consumption and load balancing, as well as the network properties relevant for efficient clustering in IoT, such as network heterogeneity and mobility. Beyond that, we investigate the advantages and challenges of clustering when IoT is integrated with modern computing and communication technologies such as Blockchain, Fog/Edge computing, and 5G. This survey provides useful insights into research on IoT clustering, allows broader understanding of its design challenges for IoT networks, and sheds light on its future applications in modern technologies integrated with IoT.

UAVs's efficient controlled mobility management for mobile heterogeneous wireless sensor networks

Mobile Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks (Heterogeneous WSNs) are mainly characterized by their internal diversity. In such networks, the variety of properties in each component provides profitable outcomes related to many metrics such as network lifetime and hardware cost. Although it offers remarkable advantages, random mobility causes major difficulties in the management of Heterogeneous WSNs. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a controlled mobility approach for Heterogeneous WSNs using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). According to experiments, the proposed deterministic and genetic methods can efficiently deal with the complexity of Mobile Heterogeneous WSNs compared to the previously applied random strategies. The obtained results prove that our suggested techniques can achieve a greater delivery ratio, a faster coverage time, and a faster latency.

Secure and load‐balanced routing protocol in wireless sensor network or disaster management

Distributed sensors are mainly used environment monitoring systems to monitor volcanic eruption, weather disaster, storm, tornadoes, hurricane, earthquake, and tsunami. The routing path of these networks is frequently affected by the presence of malicious and faulty nodes. The authors propose a secure, load-balanced routing (SLBR) protocol using wireless sensor networks for disaster management. The proposed protocol consists of a logical clustering technique and an efficient key management system. The improved moth-flame optimisation algorithm is used to compute the balanced clusters. The leader node is computed by the rank values with a tool of adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system. Then, the hybrid signcryption algorithm-based key management system for secure data transmission between the source node and destination node. The experimental result shows that the proposed SLBR protocol improves the security and balances the load compared to existing protocols.

Experimental Assessments and Analysis of an SDN Framework to Integrate Mobility Management in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks

Industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSN) are expected to support in the near future a wide range of applications in which mobile nodes, for example, robots or humans, interoperate between them and with machinery. However, the real-time constraints imposed by the industrial processing make mobility support quite challenging. This article proposes an approach based on software-defined networking (SDN), herein named forwarding and time-slotted channel hopping scheduling over SDN (FTS-SDN), that handles transmission scheduling and node mobility in IWSN providing bounded end-to-end delays. The article presents the detailed design of the FTS-SDN and the implementation on commercial-off-the-shelf devices. In addition, the FTS-SDN performance are extensively discussed, providing simulation results and experimental measurements obtained in a real scenario.

Distributed Key Management to Secure IoT Wireless Sensor Networks in Smart-Agro.

With the deepening of the research and development in the field of embedded devices, the paradigm of the Internet of things (IoT) is gaining momentum. Its technology’s widespread applications increasing the number of connected devices constantly. IoT is built on sensor networks, which are enabling a new variety of solutions for applications in several fields (health, industry, defense, agrifood and agro sectors, etc.). Wireless communications are indispensable for taking full advantage of sensor networks but implies new requirements in the security and privacy of communications. Security in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is a major challenge for extending IoT applications, in particular those related to the smart-agro. Moreover, limitations on processing capabilities of sensor nodes, and power consumption have made the encryption techniques devised for conventional networks not feasible. In such scenario, symmetric-key ciphers are preferred for key management in WSN; key distribution is therefore an issue. In this work, we provide a concrete implementation of a novel scalable group distributed key management method and a protocol for securing communications in IoT systems used in the smart agro sector, based on elliptic curve cryptography, to ensure that information exchange between layers of the IoT framework is not affected by sensor faults or intentional attacks. In this sense, each sensor node executes an initial key agreement, which is done through every member’s public information in just two rounds and uses some authenticating information that avoids external intrusions. Further rekeying operations require just a single message and provide backward and forward security.

An efficient approach for secured communication in wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor network (WSN) have limited bandwidth, low computational functions, energy constraints. Inspite of these constraints, WSN is useful where communication happens without infrastructure support. The main concern of WSN is the security as the sensor nodes may be attacked and information may be hacked. Security of WSN should have the capability to ensure that the message received was sent by the particular sent node and not modified during transmission. WSN applications require lightweight and strong authentication mechanisms for obtaining data from unprivileged users. In wireless sensor networks, authentication is the effective method to stop unauthorized and undisrupted communication service. In order to strengthen the authenticated communication, several researchers have developed mechanisms. Some of the techniques work with identifying the attacked node or detecting injected bogus message in the network. Encryption and decryption are the popular methods of providing the security. These are based on either public-key or symmetric-key cryptosystems Many of the existing solutions have limitations in communication and computational expertise. Also, the existing mechanisms lack in providing strength and scalability of the network. In order address these issues; a polynomial based method was introduced in recent days. Key distribution is a significant aspect in key management in WSNs. The simplest method of distribution of key is by hand which was used in the days of couriers. Now a days, most distribution of keys is done automatically. The automatic distribution of keys is essential and convenient in networks that require two parties to transmit their security keys in the same communication medium. In this work, a new type of key exchange mechanism is proposed. The proposed method for authentication among sensor nodes proves to be promising as per the simulation results. The nodes which are unknown to each other setup a private however arbitrary key for the symmetric key cryptosystem.

Efficient key Management System using Channel Response in Wireless Sensor Network

There are challenges abound for key management in wireless sensor networks. The importance of key management gets highlighted when the network gets scaled up without the availability of enough resources and new kind of threats in the form of node capture emerge. The economic viability of such schemes are usually high as the increase in security is directly proportional to the computational complexity, thus attributing to the high cost. In the wireless sensor infrastructure, nodes get connected with each other in wireless medium and can enter and exit the network at their will. Such aspect of entering and exiting paves the way for malicious nodes too to enter in to the network, making the entire network vulnerable to several types of attacks. One of the prominent attack is network jamming where the transmission lines gets jammed blocking the free flow of data as well as corrupting it. Such attacks on node and data transmissions can be avoided by increasing the security afforded to the entire WSN. In this regard, a novel key generation algorithm has been proposed in this paper using channel response technique, where the data hops from one channel to another in its transit from the source node to the destination node securing it from attacks. The Leap and Stop algorithm has been applied for channel hopping thus ensuring that the data traverses only for a small duration in each channel before hopping to the other channel. The channel hopping technique minimizes the probability of attack since before an active channel could be successfully predicted by the attacker, it becomes inactive and another channel gets activated. This channel hopping process continues till data reaches the destination safely without getting corrupted. The proposed approach had been compared for its efficiency and performance with Secure Key Generation using Frequency Selective Channels (SKGFSC) protocol and the results had been shown therewith.

Mobility and energy prediction models: Approach toward effective route management in mobile wireless sensor networks

AbstractMobile wireless sensor network (MWSN), as a backbone of most communication and embedded systems, is characterized by low data delivery as a result of the energy constraint and in‐deterministic movement of the nodes. To select optimal route path for a reliable data routing, protocols need to select neighbouring nodes with low mobility and residual energy parameters along the route. However, obtaining these parameters from the targeted nodes may encourage mischievous nodes to manipulate their energy and mobility parameters in their favor, leading to the selection of non‐optimal route path and/or exposing the network to other attacks. Rather than depending on the targeted nodes for these parameters, they can be accurately and securely obtained by sink node or base station using effective predictive models. However, most of the existing predictive models engaged by MWSN routing protocols either provide only the energy level or mobility factor of the nodes for optimal route path selection. This, therefore, reduces the reliability of the obtained optimal route paths in terms of data delivery. In this article, we propose predictive models for an accurate prediction of mobility and residual energy parameters of nodes in MWSN for efficient route management. The models are simulated on an existing MWSN protocol to determine their performance. The simulation results show that the adoption of these models in the development of routing protocol will not only lead to optimal route paths' selection but also enhance data delivery rate in MWSN.

Quality of Service Management of Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Geotechnical Environmental Safety

In order to meet the requirements of data transmission reliability, a geotechnical environment security monitoring system based on wireless sensor network is proposed. The optimization control strategy uses the deadline miss rate as the QoS performance evaluation index. For the data transmission between the sensor node and the coordinator node, the PID controller is used to calculate the network bandwidth requirement of all sensor nodes, and then the system optimal problem is solved to realize the dynamic. The transmission period of the sensor node is adjusted to maintain the deadline miss rate at a normal set level, thereby improving the QoS of the network. Experiments show that the optimized control strategy improves the performance of the system and has good practicability in geotechnical environmental safety monitoring.

Study of Energy Management in Wireless Visual Sensor Networks

Wireless Visual Sensor Networks (WVSNs) are a branch of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), WVSN nodes vary from standard WSN nodes in the ability of sensing the environment in two dimensions rather than in one. Therefore, it follows the three main fundamentals of WSNs: wireless networking, distributed sensing and low power hardware. This paper discusses different challenges that face the design of WVSNs like deployment of nodes, field of view overlapping, image analysis, area coverage and energy consumption. Efforts have been done mainly to survey the problem of energy consumption that can affect the lifetime of visual sensor network and overview the different techniques that have been used by many researchers to handle this crucial issue.

Key Management and Cryptography in Wireless Sensor Networks

The use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) in the field of military, battlefield, healthcare applications etc has seen a plethora of growth towards variety of sensory devices. Irrespective of different locations, the sensor nodes has to do its task. Hence, the dynamic wireless sensor networks should ensure better quality of sensor nodes that covers wider network area and additional services in relative to static WSNs systems. By doing so, it requires secure data communication among the sensor nodes in wireless environment. Key Management is the recent security concept enabled to provide secure communication between sender and receiver nodes. In this paper, we have proposed efficient key updates systems between the nodes. In any scenario, the nodes may join or leaves the network environment which facilitates to initiate a secret key between intended sender and intended receiver. A certificate less key secrecy system is designed for secure communication in wireless links. By designing so, we have addressed the issues like node authentication, data confidentiality and data integrity. Experimental analyses have shown the effectiveness of proposed system.

An enhanced soft computing-based formulation for secure data aggregation and efficient data processing in large-scale wireless sensor network

Rapid growth in wireless technologies and communication, wireless sensor network (WSN) skills, data gathering and management models has paved the sensor technology a great impact on all factors of human life. In WSN, maximum consumption of constrained resources is considered to be the major challenge. Additionally, secure data aggregation has made the research domain more interesting. For consuming the limited sensor node resources optimally, data aggregation model plays a vital role. It reduces the redundant and unwanted data transmission and enhances the accuracy of data, thereby reducing the energy consumption rate and consumption overhead. Hence, for balancing the energy efficient data processing with secure data aggregation in large-scale WSN, optimized security model using enhanced fully homomorphic encryption (OSM-EFHE) has been developed in this work. First, the network is divided into clusters and cluster head which acts as an aggregator is selected based on the fuzzy if–then rule which helps in consumption of energy. Second, it provides data confidentiality and maintains subjective aggregation functions through fully homomorphic encryption (FHE). In this work, Van Dijk, Gentry, Halevi and Vaikunathan key generation plan with public key compression is used which condenses the public key dimension which is one of the major computations overhead for FHE. Finally, data integrity operation has also been induced with message authentication code. When comparing with the existing approaches, simulation results make a clear note of average delay of the network as 1.2 ms and a higher throughput of 4500 bps approximately. Thus, the overall transmission of data has been increased by means of employing OSM-EFHE model.

Quadratic Poly Certificateless Inductive Signcryption for Network Security

Signcryption ensures encryption and signature with minimum computational costs and overheads than compared to that of traditional signature model. Besides, Certificateless Signcryption resolves issues related to key escrow and reduces public key management for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) setting. There has been some Certificateless Signcryption mechanisms proposed, most of which are proved secured using bilinear pairing operations. However, with pairing being computationally hard to understand and with involvement of heavy group operation minimizes the advantages gained from smaller key size. To address this issue, a scheme called, Quadratic Poly Certificateless Inductive Signcryption (QPCIS) for network security in WSN is presented without using bilinear pairing. The QPCIS scheme inherits the security of quadratic polynomial that possesses lower computation complexity than bilinear pairing. In QPCIS scheme, only designated receiver node recovers the data packet via base station by verifying validity of signcrypted data packet using Inductive Probability theorem. Experimental works are conducted on parameters like computational time, computational overhead, data security and data integrity rate. By evaluating the performance with related schemes, results show that the proposed QPCIS scheme is secure and computationally efficient.

Power Control and Trajectory Planning Based Interference Management for UAV-Assisted Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks are generally used to assist in collecting and transmitting data where humans cannot directly explore. But in a scenario with complex terrestrial environment, the ground communication links between sensors become so weak to provide reliable and high-speed services. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be used as flying relays to enhance connective reliability of terrestrial wireless sensor networks. However, in a UAV-assisted wireless senor network, if the UAV shares the same spectrum with sensors, the interference degrades the quality of communication links when sensors exist in pairs under co-channel conditions. Motivated thereby, we manage the interference by optimizing the transmit power of all communication nodes and planning the trajectory of UAV to achieve the goal of maximizing the sum throughput of the target sensor. Due to the nonconvexity of the optimization problems, we utilize difference of two convex functions (D.C.) programming and successive convex approximation to obtain the suboptimal solutions. Simulation results prove that the minimum signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) required by sensor pairs, flight altitude and maximum transmit power of the UAV can be carefully selected to maximize the sum throughput of target sensor, when the UAV's trajectory is pre-planned. The successive trajectory planning algorithm is also employed to significantly improve the sum throughput.

An availability predictive trust factor‐based semi‐Markov mechanism for effective cluster head selection in wireless sensor networks

SummaryThe longevity of the sensor networks purely depends on the effectiveness of a cluster head selection process that attributes towards effective network management in wireless sensor networks. However, the majority of the cluster head selection schemes are considered an unrealistic condition which ponders the sensor nodes that have the possibility of being selected as cluster heads are highly energy competitive and trustworthy. In this paper, an availability predictive trust factor‐based semi‐Markov mechanism (APTFSMM) was proposed for facilitating effective cluster head selection with the view to enhance its degree of longevity degree in wireless sensor networks. This proposed APTFSMM inherited the merits of semi‐Markov process for estimating availability predictive trust factor that quantifies the maximum likelihood probability under which it is selected as the cluster head through maximized exploration of multiple transition states of the sensors in the networks. This proposed APTFSMM is determined to be predominant in enhancing the lifetime of the sensor network by 31% with a significantly reduced energy consumption rate of 38% compared with the benchmarked cluster head selection approaches considered for investigation.

A Hybrid Prediction Model for Solar Radiation Based on Long Short-Term Memory, Empirical Mode Decomposition, and Solar Profiles for Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks

For power management in the energy harvesting wireless sensor networks (EH-WSNs), it is necessary to know in advance the collectable solar energy data of each node in the network. Our work aims to improve the accuracy of solar energy predictions. Therefore, several existing prediction algorithms in the literature are surveyed, and then this paper proposes a solar radiance prediction model based on a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network in combination with the signal processing algorithm empirical mode decomposition (EMD). The EMD method is used to decompose the time sequence data into a series of relatively stable component sequences. For improving the prediction accuracy further by utilizing the current day solar radiation profile in one-hour-ahead predictions, similar solar radiation profile data were selected for training LSTM neural networks. Simulation results show that the hybrid model achieves better prediction performance than traditional prediction methods, such as the exponentially-weighted moving average (EWMA), weather conditioned moving average (WCMA), and only LSTM models.

FM‐MAC: A fast‐mobility adaptive MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks

AbstractAs a subset of the internet of things, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are increasingly composed of mobile nodes (MNs) to meet the emerging needs. However, nodes mobility presents significant challenges to the design of effective communication protocols, especially at the medium access control (MAC) sublayer. Interestingly, the existing mobility support MAC solutions consider only scenarios requiring slow mobility. Nowadays, some WSN applications require employing high‐speed MNs for some specific tasks. Consequently, the mobility impact is sharp as the existing solutions could no longer guarantee the quality‐of‐service requirements. To deal with high‐speed mobility, we propose in this paper a fast‐mobility adaptive MAC (FM‐MAC) protocol. The FM‐MAC protocol adopts the contention‐based access approach and introduces new mechanisms to enhance both mobility and communication management in WSNs. Our proposal consists of four contributions, ie, (1) an improved algorithm for autonomous mobility‐detection, (2) a new intercluster handover mechanism, (3) a priority‐based contention mechanism prioritizing MNs to access the medium, and finally, (4) a multichannel communication strategy intended to enhance the throughput and communication management aspects. Extensive simulations are conducted to compare FM‐MAC protocol with existing well‐known mobility‐aware MAC protocols. Results and discussion disclose that FM‐MAC performs better in both static and mobile scenarios in terms of reliability, latency, and energy saving. As expected, the advantage of FM‐MAC over its counterparts becomes more evident as the mobility speed increases.