Management In Wireless Sensor Networks Research Articles

A Novel Key Management of Wireless Sensor Network in Smart Substation

Smart substations are deployed various types of sensors to monitor and control some devices and environment, and transmit the related parameters or data to the intelligent decision system. However, due to the limitation of resource, sensors tend to be captured or controlled by adversaries. In this paper, we present a dual-level key management based history keys, which can authenticate member sensors and their keys. Furthermore, we also adopt a cluster architecture, which cannot only localize the attack range but also reduce the energy consumption effectively. The security analysis shows our solution can verify the malicious node and authenticate key to protect the sense system in the smart substation.

Energy Management and Cross Layer Optimization for Wireless Sensor Network Powered by Heterogeneous Energy Sources

Recently, utilizing renewable energy for wireless system has attracted extensive attention. However, due to the instable energy supply and the limited battery capacity, renewable energy cannot guarantee to provide the perpetual operation for wireless sensor networks (WSN). The coexistence of renewable energy and electricity grid is expected as a promising energy supply manner to remain function for a potentially infinite lifetime. In this paper, we propose a new system model suitable for WSN, taking into account multiple energy consumptions due to sensing, transmission and reception, heterogeneous energy supplies from renewable energy, electricity grid and mixed energy, and multidimension stochastic natures due to energy harvesting profile, electricity price and channel condition. A discrete-time stochastic cross-layer optimization problem is formulated to achieve the optimal trade-off between the time-average rate utility and electricity cost subject to the data and energy queuing stability constraints. The Lyapunov drift-plus-penalty with perturbation technique and block coordinate descent method is applied to obtain a fully distributed and low-complexity cross-layer algorithm only requiring knowledge of the instantaneous system state. The explicit trade-off between the optimization objective and queue backlog is theoretically proven. Finally, the extensive simulations verify the theoretic claims.

A self-adaptive trust management scheme for wireless sensor networks

Trust management is fundamental to identify malicious, selfish, and compromised nodes which have been authenticated. Many trust management mechanisms are proposed to provide effective security solution for wire and wireless networks, even some of them have become one of the most known in this field. But in fact, trust management in wireless sensor networks still remains a challenging field. Traditional trust models developed for wireless sensor networks are not well suited for sensor networks because the trust evaluation process isn’t related to certain application. In this paper, we propose a self-adaptive trust management scheme, which can adaptively adjust the trust evaluation process to cope with application requirement changes of trust management. The simulation results show that our scheme has less rate of inauthentic downloads of nodes, energy consumption and message overheads as compared to the current state-of-the-art trust management schemes, and it is more suitable for large-scale sensor networks.

TALK: Topology Aware LKH Key Management

Cryptographic key management for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) is a particularly challenging task, as they mostly consist of high counts of resource constrained nodes, especially when group communication and dynamic network membership capabilities are required. The logical key hierarchy (LKH) is a well-known class of protocols which aims to solve the key management problem and minimize rekeying overhead, using hierarchical structures and taking advantage of multicast communication. In this work we propose a method for obtaining LKH structures by taking into account the topology of the underlying network, leading to a further decrease in rekeying costs, in terms of packet transmissions.

Research and Realization of Wireless Sensor Networks Database

As the core application of wireless sensor network technology, Data management and processing have become the research hotspot in the new database. This article studied mainly data management in wireless sensor networks, in connection with the characteristics of the data in wireless sensor networks, discussed wireless sensor network data query, integrating technology in-depth, proposed a mobile database structure based on wireless sensor network and carried out overall design and implementation for the data management system. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v12i10.5469

Key Management in Wireless Sensor Networks: Development and Challenges

In wireless sensor network (WSN) security, key management is a big challenge issue as it forms the basic security structure of the networks. Various WSN key management schemes proposed so far attempt to satisfy the security, efficiency and operation requirements under the resource constrain of WSN. In this paper, the constraints of WSN and requirements of key management are discussed. Several key management schemes are presented, analyzed and classified. Finally, some unresolved issues and future works on these schemes are identified. The discussion focuses on efficiency, fault tolerant, influence reduction, dynamic management and cross-layer security.

Realization of Interrupts and Time Management of a Sensor Network Operating System

μOS, the operating system of microkernel wireless sensor network, is a real-time multi-tasking operating system; and its main function modules include task management, time management, interrupt management, energy conservation mechanism and communication protocol. Thereinto, its time management and interrupt management is the basis of other functional modules. The author designs and realizes clock management and interrupt management for microkernel wireless sensor network operating system μOS. It is shown from system performance tests such the time management and interrupt management are capable of satisfying real-time requirements in the system.

MPKMS: A Matrix-based Pairwise Key Management Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks

Due to the sensitivity of the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) applications and resource constraints, authentication and key management emerge as a challenging issue for WSN. In general, various approaches have been developed for the key management in WSN. This paper has come up with a new robust key pre-distribution scheme using random polynomial functions and matrix. This new proposed scheme significantly increases the storage efficiency and provides resilience to network against node capture by using random prime numbers, polynomial functions and matrix properties. The effectiveness of the scheme is demonstrated through a security analysis and comparison with the existing schemes.

PathZip: A lightweight scheme for tracing packet path in wireless sensor networks

In order to provide reliable date delivery and system management for large scale wireless sensor networks (WSNs), tracing the route path of packets in a lightweight manner is crucial and critical. Real-time path tracing technology enables us to observe every data transmission and analyze network dynamics in a fine-grained fashion. Due to resource constraints of WSNs, however, it is difficult, if not impossible, to integrate into each packet with its full path information. We attempt to capture such information with inserting a small and constant overhead into each packet. This design, PathZip, let each sensor node performs lightweight hash-based computations to passively label every packet forwarded. Meanwhile, the sink extracts the label information so as to leverage the pre-knowledge on the network to compute the full packet path. Both topology-aware and geometry-assistant techniques are utilized by PathZip in order to exploit different network knowledge and reduce the computation and storage overhead greatly. We conduct theoretical analysis and extensive simulations to evaluate the performance of our design. The results show that our method is effective to trace the full route path in large-scale WSNs, and outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.

Comprehensive Colliery Safety Monitoring System Design Based on Wireless Sensor Network

This paper briefly summarized the logical structure of the model’s attribute characteristics in the wireless sensor network management system of coal enterprise. Due to all kinds of mapping relations between different datum, while extracting some device status information, we can detect it by the method of hierarchical search, and according to the determined geographical location, then obtain the attribute and graphic information, finally get all the relative information of the device, so that the information management system is fast and convenient to be used.

Optimum design of a banked memory with power management for wireless sensor networks

The ever-increasing complexity of applications covered by wireless sensor networks (WSNs) demands for increasing memory size, which in turn increases the power drain. It is well known that SRAM power consumption can be reduced by employing a banked structure, where unused banks are switched into the low leakage retention mode. Although several power management strategies and algorithms for allocating the memory contents to the banks have been proposed, the energy savings limits of these techniques were not completely explored. In this work, we propose a new strategy for memory banking, taking advantage of the software properties intrinsic to WSN, and achieve aggressive power savings. We present a detailed model of the energy saving for uniform banks with two power management schemes: a best-oracle policy and a simple greedy policy. The model gives valuable insight into key factors (coming from the application, the technology, and design decisions) that are critical for reaching the maximum achievable energy saving. Using our model the optimum number of banks can be estimated at design time to reach more aggressive energy savings. The memory content allocation and the power management problem were solved by an integer linear program formulation for two real wireless sensor network applications (based on TinyOS and ContikiOS). Experimental results show memory energy reduction up to 78.3 % for a partition overhead of 1 %, representing an overall energy saving close to 19 % in data collection WSN applications, including the communication energy and sleep power. The saving would increase to 34 % in more intensive processing applications.

Energy management in Wireless Sensor Networks: A survey

Energy management in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is of paramount importance for the remotely deployed energy stringent sensor nodes. These nodes are typically powered by attached batteries. Several battery-driven energy conservation schemes are proposed to ensure energy efficient network operation. The constraints associated to the limited battery capacity shifted the research trend towards finding alternate sources by harvesting ambient energy. This survey presents a high level taxonomy of energy management in WSNs. We analyze different battery-driven energy consumption based schemes and energy harvesting based energy provisioning schemes. We also highlight the recent breakthrough of wireless energy transference to a sensor node as an alternative to typical batteries. We recommend taking into account recent energy provisioning advancements in parallel with the traditional energy conservation approaches for a sensor network while designing energy efficient schemes.

Solar Energy Harvesting and Management in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless networks comprise of small devices that are typically deployed in environments where paucity of energy seriously restricts essential operations. The energy source of these devices decreases very quickly during continuous operation and it is pivotal to replace or recharge frequently the power sources. Sometimes, it is very difficult to perform these functions through conventional methods. One attractive solution to this problem is the use of the energy, scattered around us in the environment. The availability of energy from the environment is random and uncertain. In this paper, we present a model, schematically and analytically, for solar energy harvesting with appropriate energy management. We provide analysis and simulations for a solar cell for standard and different irradiance levels. The power of the storage device is also simulated for different times of the day. The proposed model not only scavenges the energy but also assures the connectivity of the network by optimizing the energy consumption.

EFFICIENT KEY MANAGEMENT AND AUTHENTICATION SCHEME FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is vulnerable to node capture attacks in which an attacker can capture one or more sensor nodes and reveal all stored security information which enables him to compromise a part of the WSN communications. Due to large number of sensor nodes and lack of information about deployment and hardware capabilities of sensor node, key management in wireless sensor networks has become a complex task. Limited memory resources and energy constraints are the other issues of key management in WSN. Hence an efficient key management scheme is necessary which reduces the impact of node capture attacks and consume less energy. In this study, we develop a cluster based technique for key management in wireless sensor network.

Quantitative Analysis of Network Configuration in Randomized Distribution Wireless Sensor Networks

Utilizing the clustering algorithm to form hierarchical network topology is the common method of implementing network management and data aggregation in wireless sensor networks. Many of the clustering algorithms heuristically determine the node energy, optimal node communication radius, and clustering radius, even though these parameters affect energy consumption of the entire network. In order to minimize energy consumption of the entire network, we present the optimal configuration by quantitative analysis when the nodes follow the random distribution. With the conclusion of quantitative analysis in single cluster expanded to the general case, the minimum of the network energy and optimal clustering radius are figured out. Simulated tests indicate that the optimal configuration can contribute to building more balanceable clustering structure and enhancing the network life cycle obviously.

QoS-based management of biomedical wireless sensor networks for patient monitoring

Biomedical wireless sensor networks are a key technology to support the development of new applications and services targeting patient monitoring, in particular, regarding data collection for medical diagnosis and continuous health assessment. However, due to the critical nature of medical applications, such networks have to satisfy demanding quality of service requirements, while guaranteeing high levels of confidence and reliability. Such goals are influenced by several factors, where the network topology, the limited throughput, and the characteristics and dynamics of the surrounding environment are of major importance. Harsh environments, as hospital facilities, can compromise the radio frequency communications and, consequently, the network’s ability to provide the quality of service required by medical applications. Furthermore, the impact of such environments on the network’s performance is hard to manage due to its random and unpredictable nature. Consequently, network planning and management, in general or step-down hospital units, is a very hard task. In such context, this work presents a quality of service based management tool to help healthcare professionals supervising the network’s performance and to assist them managing the admission of new sensor nodes (i.e., patients to be monitored) to the biomedical wireless sensor network. The proposed solution proves to be a valuable tool both, to detect and classify potential harmful variations in the quality of service provided by the network, avoiding its degradation to levels where the biomedical signs would be useless; and to manage the admission of new patients to the network.

Secure System Practices and Data Access Management in Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are a heterogeneous system with a collection of sensors distributed unbalanced patterns in remote areas, and often in unfriendly environments, without any pre-deployed architecture, and with limited hardware inside them. As the use of wireless sensor networks continuously growing, it should require efficient security mechanisms. Therefore to ensure the security of communication and data access control in WSN plays a vital role and has top significance. Because sensor networks may interact with sensitive data and operate in hostile unattended environments, it is necessary that these security issues should be addressed from the beginning of design of the system itself. In this paper we are presenting secure network protocol and security mechanism for Data Access Control which is built upon network layer of WSNs and our focus is on data access control and secure network protocol. Here Virtual Counter Manager (VCM) along with the synchronized incremental counter is presented for detection of replay and jamming attack using basis of symmetric key cryptosystem. For access control & prevention from unauthorized access we are presenting Key-Lock Matching (KLM) method. General Terms Wireless Sensors, Network Topology, hashing, synchronization

Comparative Study of different Flip Flop Cells for WSN Applications

power management in wireless sensor network is a critical issue as the sensor nodes are low powered devices. In a sensor node, flip flop consumes large amount of power as they make maximum number of internal transitions. Reduction in the power consumed by flip-flops shows a deep impact on the total power consumed. Hence, designing low power flip flop cells are highly important for enhancing the life time of network. This paper presents a comparative study of different flip flop cells for WSN applications based on simulation at 90nm and 45nm technology. The simulation results show that flip flop using multiplexers offers the best overall performance. Keywordsflip flops, microcontroller, wireless sensor network, network lifetime, power management.

A lightweight trust management based on Bayesian and Entropy for wireless sensor networks

ABSTRACTWith the rapid development of wireless sensor networks, the issue of designing a reasonable trust management has attracted more and more research attention. Based on Bayesian and Entropy, this paper proposes a lightweight trust management for wireless sensor networks. First, the evaluated node's direct trust value is calculated by Bayesian and periodically updated according to the combination of effective history records and adaptive decay factor. We use effective history records rather than all the records to save nodes’ memory, and the adaptive decay factor enhances the algorithm's accuracy and dynamic. Then, according to the confidence level of the direct trust value, we decide whether the direct trust is credible enough to be the integrated trust. This can reduce the energy computation and make the algorithm lightweight. Last, if the direct trust is not credible enough, the overall indirect trust value will be calculated. The Entropy Theory is adopted to distribute weights to different trust values, which can improve the problems caused by distributing weights subjectively and also enhance adaptability of the model. Simulation experiments are provided to assess the performance of the proposed trust management in terms of attack–defeat ability and energy consumption. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Distributed topology management for wireless multimedia sensor networks: exploiting connectivity and cooperation

SummaryIn this paper, we propose a distributed topology management algorithm, named T‐Must, which orchestrates coalition formation game between camera and scalar sensor (SS) nodes, for use in wireless multimedia sensor networks. In the proposed solution, connectivity among the peer camera sensor (CS) nodes is maintained, and coverage is ensured between them. Only the scalar data are not sufficient to describe an event in a particular monitored area. In many cases, multimedia data (specifically, video data) are required to provide more precise information about the event. As the CS nodes, which sense and transmit multimedia data, are costlier than the SS nodes, the former are deployed in the monitored area in lesser numbers compared to the latter ones. In case of CS nodes, power consumption due to sensing is also significant, similar to power consumption for the transmission and reception of packets. Therefore, in this work, in order to increase the network lifetime, topology is controlled by forming coalition between the CS and SS nodes. Upon occurrence of an event, the SS nodes send scalar data to their associated CS nodes. If the scalar data received from SS nodes cross a preconfigured threshold, the associated CS node in the coalition starts sensing the event, captures the video data, and forwards the video data toward other coalitions or sink. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.