Management Of Entities Research Articles

Homeowners’ Associations as Urban Property Management Entities

The concept “homeowners’ association” falls within the description of fragmented property schemes. It is an entity that is the owner or manager of communal property and the land of an estate, consisting of individual properties owned by members of the association and communal areas used collectively by the individual owners. The individual properties and communal areas are managed in terms of conditions and rules, albeit with different purposes. A homeowners’ association is normally a juristic person incorporated as a non-profit company or by agreement between the individual owners as members to establish a common law juristic person. In terms of its management documents, it has the capacity to manage the estate and enforce the rules of the scheme. Therefore, the memorandum or constitution should contain specific management directions, which are discussed in this article. The rules of the scheme must be approved by the Ombud for Community Schemes before they may be enforced. The latter may also be approached to mediate disputes between members of the association or between members and the management. Initially the social-political need for urban fragmented property schemes is explained, followed by an analysis of the management of urban fragmented property. It is emphasised that ownership of immovable property is not only an individual right, but also fulfils an important community function. The legalities surrounding the establishment of a homeowners’ association is thereafter discussed. Essential matters to be included in the management documents are examined with specific reference to the enforceability and constitutionality of the rules of the association. Finally, the establishment of gated communities is reviewed with an emphasis on the constitutional viability of imposing limitations on the fundamental rights of owners, occupiers and third parties (like visitors and employees) who need access to the scheme or want to use communal areas in the scheme.

ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ДОЦІЛЬНОСТІ ІМПОРТНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ НАСІННЯМИ ТОВАРОВИРОБНИКІВ ОВОЧНОЇ ПРОДУКЦІЇ В БІЛОРУСІЇ

The high level of import of vegetable seeds negatively affects the indicators of resource self-sufficiency of agricultural sectors. At the same time, the development of the vegetable seeds market requires significant financial investments in this segment and analysis of their further payback based on scientific approaches. The purpose of the article. To develop methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of import flows in relation to vegetable seeds. The object of research is vegetable seeds, the value chain in vegetable growing. Methods used in research. The theoretical and methodological basis for the study was the works of domestic and foreign scientists on import and import-substituting production. The following methods were used in the research process: monographic, abstract-logical, normative, synthesis and system analysis, etc. The hypothesis of the study. Import flows of vegetable seeds take place in the Republic of Belarus in the presence of a certain list of conditions, which requires justification of their expediency. Presentation of the main material. The article presents the author's position regarding the development of scientific and methodological approaches to assessing the feasibility of implementing import flows of vegetable seeds. Originality and practical value. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the development of a comprehensive assessment of the feasibility of zoning a certain variety of vegetables of Belarusian selection for individual management entities or its import on the basis of a number of factors and criteria. Conclusions. The development of the Belarusian market of vegetable seeds involves a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of seed zoning, which includes the costs of conducting scientific research and ending with the effectiveness of vegetable cultivation and their subsequent processing.

Mechanism for the dissemination of agricultural technologies in Romania

This research is concerned with outlining the strategies supporting the mechanisms of the dissemination of agricultural technologies in Romania. The problem in Romania in this respect is dueto a lack of a mechanism of dissemination of the agricultural technologies caused by a lack of the extension of knowledge from the units responsible for itsuch as lack of consultancy services and directions. This has affected the understanding of the importance of agricultural technologies by farmers. In an attempt to solve this problem, Romania has adopted a number of strategies for the dissemination of agricultural technologies among farmers and specialists. Among these strategies is encouraging the Management Entity of the Cluster "Sviluppo Insieme si Vince" that created IND AGRO WEST, the first innovative cluster for research and development in Romania, aimed at achievement of modern agriculture equipment, appropriate to Romanian soil (Sviluppo, 2014). Another strategy is finantially supportinginnovations and projects conducted for addressing the issue of agricultural technology dissemination through funding and financial support. For example, Climate smart agriculture is one of the key topics for the almost 3,000 innovation projects that are expected to receive funding from the Rural Development budget. Around EUR64 million will be dedicated to precision farming and digital technologies in the agriculture sector under the Horizon 2020 Work Programme for 2016-2017 while EUR30 million will be invested in the implementation of an Internet of Things Large Scale Pilot on “Smart farming and food security” (Michalopoulos, 2016). Another strategy is creating institutes that are concerned with the dissemination of agricultural technologies in Romania. The mission of the National Research and Development Institute for Machines and Installations for Agriculture and Food Industry is to carry out scientific research (fundamental and applicative), innovations in the field of processes, technologies and technical equipment leading to the mechanization and automation of agricultural works and the food industry, in the context of harmonizing the whole activity with ANCS policies. It is also important for Romania to search for collaboration with other countries such as Netherlands that runs many projects to transfer to Romanian farmers' a better understanding of technology. Dutch is another important country to collaborate with in order to transfer Dutch farmers’ knowledge to and technological novelties to Romanian young entrepreneurs. Overall,dissemination of agricultural technologies in Romania among specialists as well as farmers is essential in order to raise their awareness towards the latest knowledge and mechanisms of running agriculture. To achieve this goal, there are a number of strategies, as outlined in this research, that must be considered, with a special focus on establishing institutes for workshops and training courses, providing financial support, and collaborating with other countries. Throughout the development of mankind, a major branch of economic activity was represented by agriculture. Agricultural research has played a particularly important role in increasing production and in rational exploitation of existing resources when the population of the planet is constantly growing and the exploited agricultural fund is limited and with clear tendencies of deterioration. In this background, the mechanization of agriculture has played and continues to play a fundamental role from a technical, economic and social point of view, especially in highly industrialized countries, offering substantial cost savings, increasing the quality of works, and creating new products especially in the energy field. Romania occupies an important position in the whole of agriculture European Union, ranked 6th in the EU from the perspective of the agricultural area used, as seen in the figure below:

MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM

Summary. The article considers the role of the innovation management system in higher education institutions as a set of methodological approaches, principles and mechanisms that can ensure the successful implementation of innovations in scientific, international, economic and other activities of higher education institutions. The study outlines the tasks of innovative development of higher education institutions, analyzes the current regulations governing the strategic development of higher education. Based on the analysis of the scientific literature on this topic, it is revealed that the features of innovation management are related to the specifics of business entities, management entities, modern management processes. The main idea of the study is to generalize the theoretical and methodological approaches in the management system for innovative educational activities in higher education institutions. The practical significance of the growth of consolidation of education, business and state regulation to improve the innovation potential of the state as a whole is analyzed. All proposals for the innovative development of the higher education system can be implemented on the basis of directing the activities of public administration, business communities in the direction of establishing business universities, coworking centers, technology parks. It is substantiated that the management of innovation creates the preconditions for strengthening the partnership between the state, education and entrepreneurship, and the dynamics of innovation leads to increased competitiveness of the state as a whole. It is proved that the management of innovation has a great influence on the reform of the education system. Education-based education, innovation and management actions must be integrated into building a qualitatively new system of interaction in higher education.

PROCESS-STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS AS A PRIORITY VECTOR FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INNOVATIVE PLATFORM FOR CONSTRUCTION DEVELOPMENT

The article is devoted to the development of methodological bases for the formation of a process-oriented management system of a construction company-developer based on a business-targeted approach, which involves transforming a set of business goals into a topology of its centers of management and executive responsibility. the activities of these centers to ensure the effectiveness of their subordinate processes and create value for stakeholders of the construction company. Analysis of scientific works of domestic and foreign authors has shown that today there is no stable conceptual basis for the process approach to management. First of all, this is evidenced by the many definitions of the core concepts of "process" and "business process", which are synonymous and interpreted by the horizontal model of "entry – action – exit", which does not reflect the essence of management as an inseparable union of four PDCA functions. Within the PDCA cycle (known as the Deming Cycle, the Schuhart-Deming Cycle), Plan, Do, Check, Influence (Act), Business Process is seen as an interconnected hierarchical pair that consists of a process (management object) and management process of the head (management entity), which allows the construction of process-oriented management of the enterprise in relation to two interrelated projections: "set of business processes" – "organizational structure of the enterprise". The tools of separation, structuring and description of business processes proposed in the work, in contrast to the IDEF and ARIS languages, provide the need and possibility to create a vertically and horizontally structured model of process management – a system of interconnected management and technological business processes. management chain of creating information value of enterprise management and its universality from the standpoint of instrumental support for the construction of process-oriented enterprise management systems.

On the way to balance of forestry land use of Ukraine: ecological-and-economic aspect

Purpose. The purpose of this work is to investigate the ecological-and-economic aspect of certain factors to ensure the balanced use of forest lands; develop proposals for the formation of the basis for the development of sustainable forestry. 
 Methodology / approach. We used the following methods: dialectical method of cognition for the analysis of scientific works of scientists concerning problems of balanced use of lands of forestry purpose; method of analogies (transfer of patterns of development of one process with certain amendments to another process or territory); statistical (based on quantitative indicators that allow drawing conclusions about the pace of the process); comparative analysis (comparison of indicators of forest resources and their use for Ukraine and Poland); correlation analysis (identification of factors on which the forecast significantly depends; clarification of relationships, their relationship with the predicted phenomenon under the influence of certain factors), graphical, abstract-logical (theoretical generalizations and formulation of conclusions). The information base of the study is the data of the Global Assessment of Forest Resources of FAO 2020, the data of the Monitoring of Land Relations in Ukraine, the reporting of the State Forest Agency of Ukraine, the data of the Forest Stewardship Council®. Based on the annual reports of the State Forestry Agency of Ukraine, some indicators of the report of 288 state forestries for 2018–2020 are consolidated in terms of 24 regional departments of forestry and hunting.
 Results. In the dynamics for 2018–2020, changes in the volume of forest resources, forest reserves, biomass, and carbon density were studied; the indicators of forest resources and their use for Ukraine and Poland are compared. The volumes of forest certification by regions of Ukraine are estimated. The relationships between capital investments in forestry production and the price of sold wood, the volume of net income of state forestry, the amount of profit, the degree of depreciation of fixed assets; between the tax burden on state forestries and financial stability was studied. Based on the assessment of the relationships and changes in individual indicators, the need to update the fixed assets of forest enterprises through the improvement of the investment instrument is justified. The results of this study are a summary of evidence on the environmental and economic aspects of the impact of certain factors on the sustainable use of forest lands, which in turn forms the scientific basis for achieving the goals of state environmental policy of Ukraine.
 Originality / scientific novelty. The studied interdependencies between the statistical characteristics of individual indicators of forestry land use made it possible to identify factors to ensure balanced use of forestry lands. It is substantiated that reforestation, forest certification, renewal of fixed assets of forestry enterprises through the improvement of the investment instrument, optimization of the tax burden of forestry activities are favorable factors to ensure the balance of forestry land use. It is proved that the excessive tax burden is a deterrent to the balanced use of forest lands. It is proposed to alleviate the tax burden on forestry activities by reducing the rate of deduction of net income of state forestry enterprises, eliminating the problem of double taxation of the forest fund, which under limited budget funding will allow state forestries to accumulate their own financial resources to ensure sustainable land use.
 Practical value / implications. The main results of the study can be used to: (I) structure the factors of sustainable use of forest lands; (II) defining the goals of sustainable development when developing the strategy of forestry enterprises; (III) analysis of the achievement of sustainable development goals at the national level, defined by the Basic Principles (strategy) of the state environmental policy of Ukraine for the period up to 2030. The results of the study can be used both at the level of forest management entities, as well as at the regional and national levels, to make management decisions on the implementation of measures that ensure the balanced use of forest land. Also, the causal links between indicators that arise from the response of indicators to certain factors open up new opportunities for forest management planning. These results can provide important information for the protection and use of forest resources in all regions of Ukraine.

How States Supported Older Adults and Persons With Disabilities During COVID-19 Through the Medicaid Program

COVID-19 has presented challenges for older adults who receive Medicaid home and community-based services. The federal government has allowed states to seek approval for certain flexibilities to better serve this population, including increasing provider payment rates, allowing family members to be caregivers, and permitting case management entities to provide direct services. This study uses cross-sectional data to identify factors associated with states’ adopting these Medicaid flexibilities using multivariate methods. The results indicate that the factors associated with state adoption varied depending on the flexibility. The findings suggest that states increased provider payment rates in response to prevalence of COVID-19 within their state. As cases increase, states may come under pressure to increase provider rates further which may not be feasible because of budget constraints. The results also suggest that demand for and supply of services may be a factor in whether states allowed family members to be paid caregivers. States with a higher proportion of individuals aged 85 years and older were more likely to permit caregivers to be paid which may suggest that these states may not have enough providers to care for the population. Lastly, the results suggest that provider supply was associated with whether a state allowed case management entities to provide direct care services. States with fewer home health agencies were more likely to allow this flexibility. Based on these results, states may be pursuing available Medicaid flexibilities to address provider and workforce shortages which existed prior to COVID-19 but have been exacerbated by the pandemic.

Fisheries management on Lake Victoria at a crossroads: Assessing fishers’ perceptions on future management options in Uganda

AbstractFishers’ perceptions on the state of fisheries and the applicable fisheries management system in Lake Victoria (LV), Uganda, were assessed. Fisheries management in the lake is currently at a crossroads. The government abolished a co‐management system in November 2015 and installed the military to temporary enforce management. The objective of this study was to explore how fishers envisage future management options by assessing past management regimes and analysing perceptions of alternative regimes. A total of 273 semi‐structured interviews at six selected landing sites on LV in Uganda were conducted. Fishers targeted two dominant species, Nile perch, Lates niloticus (L.), mainly on motorised vessels representing the commercial fishers and dagaa, Rastrineobola argentea (Pellegrin), using both motorised and paddled vessels. The dominance of motorised fishing vessels depicted a consequence of the army operations and represents government priority to protect rather than regulate commercial fishing operations. Fishers mainly perceived regulations they knew about as effective, strongly opposed local governments as a management entity and assigned management to fisher groups as expected. The results support a management regime of key resource users organised by common interest groups to participate in decision‐making and combined government structures to regulate and enforce sustainable fisheries measures.

‘Structural arrangements for open innovation: a comparative analysis of Chinese and French multinational companies’

ABSTRACT The ‘structural perspective' of OI, outlines the role of the structural arrangements of companies in supporting open practices. Paradoxically, the understanding of the arrangements of companies that are dedicated to openness remains under-investigated. In this perspective, this article focuses on specific arrangements that are related to the inside-out and outside-in processes. The analysis also emphasises the structural arrangements dedicated to Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs), in so far as IPRs are considered as key tools for openness. Based on four cases in Western (French) and emerging (Chinese) contexts we answer the following research question: what are the company’s structural arrangements dedicated to the inside-out and outside-in OI processes? The results outline the existence of common characteristics whatever the OI process regarding the links between top management and innovation entities, structural arrangements dedicated to evaluation, knowledge management and decision making may be. The results emphasize the existence of specific arrangements for each process related to IPR management. These findings contribute: to the structural theories of innovation by proposing the first comprehensive approach to the structural perspective for OI processes; to innovation ambidextry which has never been documented in OI; to the recent literature on the contextual dimension of OI deployment.

Human-Factor Risk Mitigation in Outdoor Climbing Areas: Survey of Existing Policies in Regulated Climbing Areas.

Popular climbing areas in the United States are frequently on public lands under administrative purview of land management entities. During climbing, climbers may be subject to injury. This study aimed to describe existing climbing risk mitigation tactics used to protect climbers by oversight agencies responsible for these public climbing areas and to identify strategies perceived by the oversight agency to be successful. We identified publicly managed US bouldering, sport, or traditional climbing areas through a state-by-state search of Mountain Project. We assessed climbing-related visitation, injury, rescue, and risk mitigation strategies using a 10-item survey targeting land-use managers, rangers, outdoor recreation planners, and park managers. Quantitative analysis included univariate and multivariate analysis. Qualitative analyses of survey responses with thematic grouping of mitigation interventions were performed. One hundred fifty-seven publicly managed US climbing areas were contacted, and 76 (48%) provided data. Thirty-six (47%) of those that provided data stated that programs are in place to reduce climbing-related injury. There were no associations between demographic variables and the presence of risk mitigation strategies. Four themes of climbing risk mitigation strategies emerged: coordination with climbing coalitions (25% of respondents), permitting (22% of respondents), publication of accident reports (22% of respondents), and preventative search and rescue (17% of respondents). Nearly half of survey respondents reported having climbing risk mitigation programs. There is opportunity to assess the efficacy of risk mitigation strategies through intra-area and inter-area assessments. A centralized climbing injury database may prove useful for assessing the efficacy of and need for risk mitigation techniques.

Diversity and molecular network patterns of symptom phenotypes

Symptom phenotypes have continuously been an important clinical entity for clinical diagnosis and management. However, non-specificity of symptom phenotypes for clinical diagnosis is one of the major challenges that need be addressed to advance symptom science and precision health. Network medicine has delivered a successful approach for understanding the underlying mechanisms of complex disease phenotypes, which will also be a useful tool for symptom science. Here, we extracted symptom co-occurrences from clinical textbooks to construct phenotype network of symptoms with clinical co-occurrence and incorporated high-quality symptom-gene associations and protein–protein interactions to explore the molecular network patterns of symptom phenotypes. Furthermore, we adopted established network diversity measure in network medicine to quantify both the phenotypic diversity (i.e., non-specificity) and molecular diversity of symptom phenotypes. The results showed that the clinical diversity of symptom phenotypes could partially be explained by their underlying molecular network diversity (PCC = 0.49, P-value = 2.14E-08). For example, non-specific symptoms, such as chill, vomiting, and amnesia, have both high phenotypic and molecular network diversities. Moreover, we further validated and confirmed the approach of symptom clusters to reduce the non-specificity of symptom phenotypes. Network diversity proposes a useful approach to evaluate the non-specificity of symptom phenotypes and would help elucidate the underlying molecular network mechanisms of symptom phenotypes and thus promotes the advance of symptom science for precision health.

전라남도 중소도시의 공간계획 관리 방안 연구

This study conducted a management system and business analysis related to urban and architecture in local small and medium cities. The current status of the management department of the master plans, which were established based on the laws related to the spatial environment and implemented projects based on them, was analyzed, and the problems were derived. The basic urban master plan of the local government is classified as a hierarchical higher plan than other plans established within the same city, but there was a problem in that the timing of each plan was different. As a problem, the contents of the sub-plan were not included in the upper plan, or the opposite phenomenon occurred. In addition, the management entity of the master plan and sub-projects was different. To solve this problem, it is necessary to form a consistent structure of systematic planning and management subjects. In addition, in the future planning stage, it is necessary to establish a master plan establishment system according to hierarchies. This study is meaningful in that it can be used to establish a master plan establishment system according to hierarchy in the future planning stage and to establish the same management entity as the master plan in the projects stage.

SYSTEMIC APPROACH TO ECOLOGICAL-INNOVATIVE MANAGEMENT OF THE MTE

The article forms the problem of low efficiency of the current system of environmental safety in road transport and identifies the need for the formation of a system of adaptive management of environmental and innovative activities of road transport enterprises. A model of the system of ecological and innovative management of MTE is proposed, which is based on the system approach and methodical apparatus of cybernetic modeling of viable systems. The transition from the functional approach to management used in the concept of viable systems to a more progressive process approach is justified, which will increase the versatility of the developed model. The enterprise management system is presented in the form of a metasystem (management entity) and an operational element (management object). The object of management is presented in the form of a system of management of MTE ecological innovations portfolios (subsystem of operational management). These projects are implemented in five basic business processes of the motor-transport enterprise: the main production processes; related processes; auxiliary processes; security processes; business processes management and development. The model of a viable system of ecological and innovative management of MTE provides development of a complex of models which ensure efficiency of introduction of ecological innovations in business processes of the enterprise. The use of the proposed model allows to increase the consistency, efficiency, accuracy, adequacy of management decisions; stability of functioning and adaptation to changing conditions of external and internal environment; increase the predictability and transparency of environmental innovation activities of the MTE, which improves the efficiency and effectiveness of the enterprise. The result of applying a viable management model is to improve the manageability of the system and increase the level of environmental monitoring of the process of providing road transport services. The results of the study contribute to the formation of a systematic view of the adaptive management of environmental and innovative activities of the MTE in the scientific concept of modeling viable systems.

One-Stop-Shops for Energy Renovation of Dwellings in Europe—Approach to the Factors That Determine Success and Future Lines of Action

Energy renovation of buildings in the European Union would lead to considerable energy savings and a 26% reduction in energy consumption. Despite this and the programmes implemented to promote it in the residential environment in Europe and the United States, the barriers that homes, contractors, and finance companies face to undertake these processes have slowed down the results. The emergence of one-stop-shops (OSSs), promoted by European directives, as integrated management entities to promote the energy renovation of dwellings seems to be a central element in the development of future strategies. This paper looks at experiences of implementing OSSs in Europe, tries to identify the main factors of success, and proposes lines of action to strengthen OSS operation in the long term. To achieve this, documents, regulations, and data on the context were studied, and active cases of OSSs were analysed. Experiences of OSSs that are no longer operating were identified to determine why they had closed down. The results suggested that a lack of structural funding is one reason why activities terminated and that the most successful cases applied an ‘all inclusive’ model and supported families in the entire process.

Placental Mesenchymal Dysplasia, An Exceedingly Rare Entity and Challenging Diagnosis

Abstract Introduction/Objective Placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) is an extremely rare entity with an incidence of only 0.02/1000 deliveries. Methods/Case Report We present a case of a 26 year-old female Gravida 3, Para 1 with intrauterine pregnancy at 37 weeks of gestation. Fetal ultrasound showed mildly cystic upper portion of the placenta. The noninvasive prenatal testing was negative for triploidy. A viable healthy female infant was delivered with no maternal complications. On gross examination, placenta was heavy with approximately 25% incomplete cotyledons. Placental maternal surface showed, spongiform cut surfaces admixed with multiple cystic structures ranging in size from 0.5 to 1.5 cm and markedly dilated blood vessels. Histopathologic examination revealed markedly enlarged villi, mesenchymal hyperplasia, and hyper vascularity of small vessels. No trophoblast proliferation was identified. Subsequently, the diagnosis of PMD was made. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) NA Conclusion PMD is a rare anomaly which is characterized by placentomegaly and grape like vesicles resembling molar pregnancy. Etiologies include imbalance of paternal and maternal alleles, androgenetic and bi-parental mosaicism, and Beckwith Weidman Syndrome (BWS). Differential diagnosis includes partial molar pregnancy, complete mole with co-existing normal fetus, hemangioma, subchorionic hematoma, confined placental mosaicism and hydropic complications. Histologic features, ancillary studies including immunohistochemistry and genetic testing are helpful in differentiating PMD. PMD is an underdiagnosed entity with increased risk of premature delivery and intrauterine fetal death. It is pertinent for the clinicians to be aware of this entity for optimal patient management.

Integrating support groups, an effective approach to regenerate historic neighborhoods of Iran Case study: Oudlajan Neighborhood, Tehran

Despite recent revitalization efforts, many of Iran’s historic neighborhoods have been gradually damaged and lagged behind the development of cities. The historical neighborhood of Oudlajan serves as a case in point. Using participant observation, in-depth interviews, focus group discussion, and content analysis, this case study explores the neighborhood changes in Oudlajan both pre- and post- the implementation of revitalization plans. The results demonstrate a crucial need for sustainable and integrated urban regeneration through Oudlajan support groups—integrating their actions through the establishment of a local management entity as a part of the municipality, and placing them at the heart of policy-making, planning, and monitoring for Oudlajan. The proposed local management entity will coordinate the activities of NGOs, stakeholders, upper-level governmental organizations, and upstream managerial organizations needed for regenerating the neighborhood, as well as being involved in formulating, executing, monitoring, and revising the neighborhood regeneration plans based on the neighborhood’s social and economic capacities, and its values.

Features of administrative and legal regulation of healthcare in Ukraine

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the administrative and legal regulation of health care in Ukraine and the definition of priority areas for its improvement. It was found that the rules of administrative law occupy a dominant position among the rules of other branches of law in the field of public health. It is determined that legal regulation and administrative-legal regulation are correlated as species and generic concepts, but administrative and legal regulation is limited to social relations governed by the rules of administrative law. Emphasis is placed on the norms of the Constitution of Ukraine, which determine the direction of administrative and legal regulation of health care in Ukraine. The concept of «legislation» in a broad and narrow sense is revealed. The normative-legal acts and by-laws, which play an important role in the administrative-legal regulation of health care in Ukraine, are singled out. Emphasis is placed on bylaws of general bodies, including acts of the President of Ukraine and the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, departmental bylaws - the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, the National Health Service of Ukraine, acts of local governments on health care. It is emphasized that the presence of a wide range of health management entities the authority to adopt bylaws has led to the existence of a significant number of the latter, which raises the question of systematization of legislation in the field of health care. Two approaches to the systematization of acts of Ukrainian legislation in the field of health care are considered - codification, the result of which should be the Medical Code of Ukraine, and consolidation, which aims to determine the structure of the future codified act, identify contradictions, inconsistencies, gaps in health care legislation. It is concluded that the systematization of legislation in the field of health care is inexpedient because, first, the existing traditions of lawmaking and law enforcement in Ukraine indicate the need for laws that establish formal provisions in the field of health care and bylaws that specify and provide practical implementation of legislation, secondly, the ongoing reform of the health care system in Ukraine requires the adoption of a number of regulations that supplement existing legislation, thirdly, the right of a number of entities to adopt regulations raises the question of reviewing the latter’s powers to regulate reducing the number of their acts.

Internet of things and machine learning‐based approaches in the urban solid waste management: Trends, challenges, and future directions

AbstractSolid waste management (SWM) is a crucial management entity in urban cities to handle the waste from its generation to disposal to accomplish a clean environment. The waste management operation mainly encompasses various climatic, demographic, environmental, legislative, technological, and socioeconomic dimensions. The traditional approaches deliver limitations in the process of predict and optimizing such composite non‐linear operations. The integration of the internet of things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) methods have progressively gained attention by delivering potential alternatives for resolving the difficulties in SWM. This article presents a review of the significance of the amalgamation of IoT and machine learning (ML) in the SWM to predict waste generation, waste classification, route optimization, estimation of methane emissions, and so forth. The article covers the application of each ML model for the activities, including SWM, compositing, incineration, pyrolysis, gasification, landfill, and anaerobic digestion. Moreover, it is concluded that the decision tree and random forest (DT‐RF) algorithm is minor implemented, and artificial neural network (ANN) is implemented majorly in the SWM. The large number of data sets covered in the publication are secured and hidden; it limits replicating the AI models; this is also one key constraint of the non‐implementation of AI models in SWM. Scarcity of data, accurate data, rare availability of customized AI models for tackling the activities in SWM are the limitations identified from the previous studies. Implementation of low‐power ML processors, edge and fog computing‐based devices is the future direction for overcoming SWM limitations.

Legal Regulation and Organization of the Work of Management Subjects Related to the Dismissal of Employees of the Penal System of the Russian Federation due to the Loss of Trust

Introduction: the article considers problematic issues related to the work of management subjects (managers) and attestation commissions in situations when an employee of the penal system of the Russian Federation is dismissed due to the loss of trust. The aim of this study is to identify gaps in the current legislation on the service that arise when a measure of responsibility such as dismissal due to the loss of trust is applied; another aim consists in formulating proposals for improving legislation in this area. Methods: methodological basis of our study is represented by a set of methods of scientific cognition, among which the main place belongs to formal-logical, system-structural, and comparative-legal methods. Results: the study has shown that there are many problematic issues in the law enforcement practice regarding the dismissal of employees due to the loss of trust. The norms of the law do not clearly distinguish the components of corruption offenses for which an employee is subject to dismissal due to the loss of trust or may be brought to another type of liability. The issue regarding the status of the decision of the attestation commission remains unresolved; its decision is of an advisory nature, but at the same time, it is fundamental for making a decision by the employee’s superior. There is an ongoing discussion on the composition of the attestation commission; and options for the selection of independent experts are proposed. Discussion: dismissal due to the loss of trust is a specific type of disciplinary penalty, and its implementation is carried out by authorized management entities within the framework of disciplinary proceedings. The procedure for making a decision on the dismissal of employees of the penal system due to the loss of trust needs further improvement in its legal and organizational aspects, taking into account modern law enforcement and judicial practice.

Single contract power optimization: A novel business model for smart buildings using intelligent energy management

Typically, residential buildings neither allow flexibility in the individual contract power capacity nor considers buildings as unique electricity consumers. In this work, a smart building is designed that each electricity customer has flexible contract power and the whole collective residential building has a single contract power. A management entity is considered to manage all energy resources of the building such as the photovoltaic generation, electric vehicles, and battery energy storage system, taking into consideration the consumption from apartments and common services, to minimize the electricity bill. Hence, the best/optimal contract power capacity will contribute to minimizing electricity costs. Therefore, finding the optimal decision of the contract power value has received a significant role from the energy management in smart buildings. In this paper, a mixed binary optimization problem is formulated in which not only the optimal value of contract power is yield but the optimal schedule of the electric vehicle/battery storage charge and discharge are found, taking into consideration the photovoltaic generation and load consumption profiles. The proposed model is implemented for three scenarios, and the obtained results show that the model efficiency has a high performance with a significant electricity cost reduction, around 47%. The results pointed that using an optimal value of single contract power and intelligent management system, the building electricity costs decrease remarkably.