Command Management Research Articles

Impact on Fatality Rates and Years of Life Lost During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Experience of the Mexican Public Health Incident Management Command

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic challenged health systems worldwide. In Mexico, the Public Health Incident Management Command (COISS) strategy was implemented to improve health care for patients with COVID-19 who required hospitalization. To evaluate the impact of the COISS strategy on case fatality rates (CFR) and years of life lost (YLL) in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The COISS strategy included eight actions implemented in states with high epidemic risk (COISS states). A secondary analysis of the public database from the Mexican Ministry of Health was performed considering patients with confirmed diagnoses of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The COISS strategy effectiveness was evaluated by its impact on in-hospital CFR and YLL at the beginning (T0) and end (T1) of the third wave, and at the end of the fourth wave (T2) and compared to states without intervention (non-COISS states). At T0, COISS states showed a higher CFR for hospitalized patients than non-COISS states, which decreased after the strategy implementation. After correction for baseline conditions, lower relative CFR at T1 and T2, compared to T0, and a protective effect in different age groups, especially in those ≥65 years, were found in hospitalized patients in COISS states. The COISS strategy was associated with lower CFR in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 at both T1 and T2. At T0, YLLs were higher in COISS states, but there were no significant differences at T1 and T2. COISS interventions effectively reduced CFR in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, providing protection to vulnerable patients and reducing the YLL gap.

Possibilities for Improving the Technical Equipment of Disaster Management Mobile Command Points

The use of disaster management command centres is typically implemented in a static way, however, the experiences of the past period have shown that for their effective operation, it is necessary to use solutions that enable the monitoring of events, as well as rapid relocation and deployment. An obvious solution for creating the aforementioned capabilities is the use of mobile command centres to support driving groups. Currently, the professional disaster management organisation has several devices that can be used as mobile command points, but their capacity does not allow the work of larger teams. The purpose of this thesis is to examine capabilities, with the implementation of which both the capacity of the disaster management organisation and the effectiveness of the interventions can be increased, taking into account domestic and international development trends.

Developing a quality and safety assessment framework for Iran’s military hospitals

BackgroundThe first crucial step towards military hospitals performance improvement is to develop a local and scientific tool to assess quality and safety based on the context and aims of military hospitals. This study introduces a Quality and Safety Assessment Framework (Q&SAF) for Iran’s military hospitals.MethodsThis is a literature review which continued with a qualitative study. The Q&SAF for Iran’s military hospitals was developed initially, through a review of the WHO’s framework for hospital performance, literature review (other related framework), review of military hospital-related local documents, consultations with a national and sub-national expert. Finally, the Delphi technique used to finalize the framework.ResultsBased on the literature review results; 13 hospital Q&SAF were identified. After reviewing literature review results and expert opinions; Iran’s military hospitals Q&SAF was developed with 58 indictors in five dimensions including clinical effectiveness, safety, efficiency, patient-centeredness, and Responsive Management (Command and Control). The efficiency dimension had the highest number of indictors (19 indictors), whereas the patient-centered dimension had the lowest number of indices (4 indictors).ConclusionRegarding the comprehensiveness of the developed assessment framework due to its focus on the majority of quality dimensions and important components of the hospital’s performance, it can be used as a useful tool for assessing and continuously improving the quality of hospitals, particularly military hospitals.

TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP PENYALURAN ZAKAT MELALUI LEMBAGA AMIL DI INDONESIA

This article examines the analysis of zakat distribution through amil zakat institutions in Indonesia from the perspective of Islamic law. The phenomenon that occurs is that communities prefer to distribute zakat directly to mustahik, this is influenced by several factors such as religiosity where individuals feel more inner satisfaction if they meet directly with mustahik. This phenomenon needs to be studied how Islamic law views the correct distribution and management of zakat according to sharia. The research purpose is to provide knowledge for readers regarding the law of distributing zakat through amil institutions. This article uses literature research. The data used consists of primary data, namely books that discuss zakat. Second, secondary data in the form of law books and laws. Third, relevant journals. Data collection techniques by analyzing all data then draw conclusions. The result of this research is that zakat must be channeled through an institution so that it can be managed properly. The explicit command of zakat management can be found in verse 103 of Surah at-Taubah. The explanation of Qurtubi's interpretation shows the obligation of zakat to be managed by people who are trusted for it, which in Qurtubi's term is referred to as intermediaries. the need for zakat managers who work to ensure that zakat is received correctly, and especially distributed correctly to the rightful people. The Hadith narrated by Bukhari also emphasizes the importance of zakat management. The word tu'hdzu in the hadith requires zakat to be managed by appointed officials, not paid directly to individuals. So it can be concluded that the distribution of zakat through an amil institution is very mandatory so that zakat management can be managed properly and right on target and in accordance with the objectives of the implementation of zakat.

РАЗРАБОТКА МОДЕЛИ BP-СХЕМЫ НА ОСНОВЕ ТЕОРИИ АВТОМАТОВ И С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ МЕТОДОВ КВАНТОВОГО ПРОГРАММИРОВАНИЯ

The paper describes the concept of a new type of abstract automata “BP-scheme” (Business Process) that effectively distributes management commands between entities with their permanent growth in the paradigm of complexly modelled systems. The paper investigates the proposed model of the BP-scheme implementation, which is an artificial neural network, functioning based on fuzzy logic rules using the Takagi-Sugeno algorithm, for deriving rules in the form of functional dependencies. The model uses QPU (Quantum Processing Unit) in computing system behaviour, which implies a quick response to changes in the system entities. QPU used taking into account the developed rules of fuzzy neural network allows improving scenarios and predictive models of a complex system behaviour.

Two-step optimization algorithm for energy management and active-reactive power commands for real-time operation of hybrid microgrids

This paper proposes a two-step optimization algorithm for energy management and optimal control of activereactive power commands in microgrids. The first step ensures an optimal energy management and provides the active power setpoints for power plants and energy storage. The second step calculates the voltage setpoints for power plants and reactive power flows whilst minimizing power transmission losses. This work focuses on the second step of the algorithm and the framework to combine both. A previous study introduces the first step based on a receding-horizon scheme. It is analysed and discussed the performance of the algorithm against two decentralized methods widely used in the literature. The results show that the proposed algorithm reduces power transmission losses by more than 20% compared to other methods.

LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT IN SOUTH SUDAN: A THOUGHT-PROVOKING REVIEW

The paper has argued the vitality of leadership and management in South Sudan. It does so by thought-provokingly reviewing the current situation of leadership and management in the nascent state. While the paper begun the review with the concept of leadership and management and their theories, it has found out the situation of leadership and management in South Sudan to be very dire. This is because most of the leaders and managers in South Sudan are characterized by incompetency, autocracy and lack of vision to drive their programmes and projects to their citizens. The paper then recommends the ten commandments of leadership and management in South Sudan. These commandments include effective planning & budgeting, effective communication & coordination, effective reporting, effective monitoring & evaluation, effective accountability & transparency, effective capacity building, effective auditing (programmes & finances), effective control, effective adherence to all laws, regulations, policies, systems & procedures and effective supervision. Moreover, the necessity of corporate governance is very critical in order to move South Sudan to the path of sustainable development. The paper used process-tracing and case study of South Sudan as the methodology. It concludes by arguing that leadership and management in South Sudan are more now important than before to leapfrog South Sudan into a prosperous Republic governs by effective laws, regulations, policies, systems and procedures. South Sudan needs to adopt transformative leadership in order to compete in the global programmes and projects. While its seems as impossible to set all well in South Sudan, it is possible with right attitude and zeal to turn things around and make them happen.

Modernization of the Urban Infrastructure of Ekaterinburg – Sverdlovsk in 1923–1930

Introduction. The article examines the process of formation and modernization of the urban infrastructure of Ekaterinburg – Sverdlovsk during the period of the New Economic Policy (NEP). The main mechanisms for the development of the urban economy are shown in conditions of regenerative growth of economics and a rapid increase of city’s population. The transformation of Ekaterinburg into Sverdlovsk, the administrative and political center of the Ural region, opened up opportunities to concentrate in it the local community resources and attract government funding. Using of limited market mechanisms of the NEP allowed the Sverdlovsk City Council to develop large infrastructure projects in conditions of moderate co-financing from the state. Results. Despite the large number of publications on local history, a comprehensive study of the processes of modernization of the urban infrastructure of Sverdlovsk during the NEP period was not carried out. The work analyzes the modernization of the most important sectors of urban infrastructure: electricity, transport, construction, water supply and sewerage. The abolition of command management mechanisms and the permission of private initiative in trade and small industry caused rapid growth in the city’s economy and its population. Sverdlovsk’s status as an administrative and political center of the Ural region strengthened the financial well-being of the city. The Sverdlovsk City Council received large loans from the state-controlled banking system for the development of capital construction and the development of urban infrastructure. By the end of the 1920s in Sverdlovsk, the main elements of modern urban infrastructure were created, water supply, sewerage, bus transit was built, and the construction of a tram system began. In order of regulation of economic activity and city’s property management on market conditions, a communal enterprise was created under the Sverdlovsk City Council – called Komkhoz. Conclusion. Modernization of the urban infrastructure of Sverdlovsk in 1923–1930 occurred mainly through the efforts of the local community. With the active attraction of local equity capital and loans from state-sanctioned banks, during the NEP period the city began the successful formation of a modern urban infrastructure. The course towards the development of forced industrialization of the USSR through accelerated growth of the public sector of the economy led to the gradual curtailment of private initiative on the ground in 1929–1930.

Improving public safety in events of mass gathering: The 2022 Kanjuruhan Stadium Disaster in Indonesia

AbstractThe Kanjuruhan tragedy has caused tremendous sorrow for Indonesia and its football history. The incident happened during the match between the Arema and Persebaya football teams that was followed by a chaotic stampede due to supporters’ anarchy. The incident caused 135 deaths due to a stampede in the chaotic stadium. However, it has also brought into the limelight several violations and depravity of safety measures that have been neglected by the Indonesian officials and its football association. Despite being banned by FIFA's Safety and Security Regulations, the use of crowd‐control gas is hypothesized as one of the key driving factors for the stampede. There were also violations of the evacuation plan with overloaded stadium capacity, lack of safety protocol, and no regard for the disaster management command chain needed in such a situation. Inappropriate security plans, lack of safety officers, lack of a contingency plan in the event of a stampede, and lack of appropriate safe infrastructure contributed to the severity of this incident. We discuss the incident with the possible causes and notable issues in the management of mass gatherings, as well as the might‐be solution and precaution for all parties involved, from the evaluation of the use of crowd‐control gas, reassessment of safety protocol, and infrastructure to the appropriate response for stampede or any similar situations. The Kanjuruhan tragedy is heart‐wrenching, with various issues involved, showing the lack of regulations by the Indonesian government and its football association. However, it might also be an opportunity to learn and inspect all parties to achieve a peaceful and safe football in Indonesia.

Disaster Policy Strengthening in Indonesia: Case of Batu City

The article addresses the pioneer of policy transformation in emergency management system at sub national government of Indonesia by comparing two situation from previous starting condition and after the disaster flash flood. The Kota Batu Flash Flood in November 2021 helped to uncover problems with the Indonesia emergency management system. This study also analyses the importance of decentralized commitment and its relation of implementing cluster collaboration during emergency response. The paper also supported with a tool of geospatial aspect in disaster events of Indonesia to provide better understanding and trend of disaster, combined with the strength’s empirical practice of Kota Batu will upscale the benchmark on the cluster based implementation of disaster emergency management for national level policy in Indonesia. Policy learning and administrative reforms, including changes in the local disaster response organizations and practices in the Kota Batu Flash flood were highlighted. Our findings pointed out that we can collaborate with multiple helix in cluster emergency management system by investing goodwill of enabling policy and community awareness, collaborative model of management in decentralized context, facilitating leadership, and Institutional design relates to procedures and inclusiveness. These findings highlight the importance of focusing efforts on addressing cluster collaboration in disaster emergency management both on 1. National scale disaster by activating post command of emergency disaster management and cluster coordination and 2. Province/Municipal disaster by activating post command assistance as platform cluster.

RESULTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOVIET OPTICAL-MECHANICAL INDUSTRY PLANTS IN THE BEGINNING OF THE SECOND FIVE-YEAR PLAN

The article reveals the main trends in the development of the optical-mechanical industry of the USSR in the beginning of the Second Five-Year Plan, pays attention to the achievements and problems that took place in this sector of the national economy. By the end of the First Five-Year Plan, the Soviet optical-mechanical industry was completing the stage of its formation, received its organizational structure and formed a material and technical base. Its development occurred at an accelerated pace, in conditions of mobilization and command management methods. This led to deficiencies in technical planning, provision of raw materials, equipment and personnel. As a result, the products of the USSR’s optical-mechanical industry at the end of the First Five-Year Plan were inferior to similar foreign ones in terms of their cost and a number of performance qualities. The experience gained in the development of the industry allowed by the mid-1930s. avoid massive imports of optical instruments for civil and military purposes from abroad and created the basis for further improvement of optical technologies in the USSR.

Event-Triggered Hierarchical Multi-Mode Management Strategy for Source-Load-Storage in Microgrids

In the multi-microgrid system, once a microgrid is severely disturbed into the alert or emergency state, the effective multi-mode management method is necessary to make the system restore the balance of supply and demand rapidly. Therefore, a hierarchical multi-mode management strategy is proposed in this study, which includes three steps:1. The first step is to predict and fit the support capacity of the neighbor microgrids and to determine whether these microgrids need to participate in the support, which constitutes the upper layer. To this end, an event-triggered mode management strategy is proposed considering the multi-source fitting and line loss factor, etc. 2. When the support of neighbor microgrids is not required, the second step is to manage local source-storage-load to restore the balance of supply and demand rapidly, which constitutes the lower layer. To this end, another event-triggered management strategy is designed to generate management commands without pre-processing data; 3. To establish the mathematical models of a microgrid in hybrid mode consisting of continuous operation status and discrete management commands, the related small signal model is designed as the third step, which can analyze the system stability conveniently. Finally, the effectiveness of methods is verified by case studies.

Integrated Regenerative Braking Energy Utilization System for Multi-Substations in Electrified Railways

This article proposes an integrated regenerative braking energy utilization system (RBEUS) to improve regenerative braking energy (RBE) utilization in electrified railways. The proposed RBEUS uses a traction substation energy storage system and two sectioning post converters to achieve coordinated RBE utilization in three consecutive traction substations via power-sharing and storage, and the power quality can also be improved. A hierarchically coordinated control strategy is developed based on the operation principle to provide real-time power management and control for the RBEUS. In the system layer, a centralized power management strategy is designed for operation mode management and active power command generation. It uses a sequential quadratic programming-based algorithm to solve the objective function to achieve optimal RBE utilization under different operation modes. In the converter layer, local controllers of the RBEUS enable converters to respond to the active power commands from the system layer and reactive power commands generated by themself for power flow control. The effectiveness of the proposed RBEUS is comprehensively verified by using a hardware-in-the-loop experiment. Besides, a comparison analysis of the proposed RBEUS and literature methods is conducted to testify the superiority of the RBEUS. The feasibility of RBEUS implementation is also discussed from fault protection and economy.

Asset Performance Management Command Center for Saudi Ministry of Health

This article describes the journey of developing, implementing, and evaluating a unique state-of-the-art Asset Performance Management Command Center for the Ministry of Health in Saudi. Several successful pilots have been established to test the usability and performance of the Asset Performance Management tools that are developed and planned to be scaled for all (~300) ministry of health hospitals. To accommodate the complexity of the mission, several proof of concepts have been established including inventory management for 7 types of medical equipment on kingdom-level covering ventilators: anesthesia, blood gas analyzers, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, renal and dental units in addition to inventory management platform for all ministry of health hospitals hospitals. A basic computerized maintenance management system is then implemented at 1 Ministry of health hospital, and another equipment direct connectivity use case was implemented at another hospital. Continuously refreshed data for medical equipment at the targeted hospitals are reported at the national command center of the Ministry of Health situated in Riyadh digital City, including inventory information related to 200+ hospitals in addition to key performance indicator dashboards illustrating downtime, work order status, basic utilization, and many other key performance indicators related to assets specifically developed and verified for Ministry of health needs.

Практики государственного управления в изобразительном искусстве 1930-х гг. (на примере Казахской национальной художественной галереи им. Т.Г. Шевченко)

The present work aims to identify the features of public administration, their real practices in the field of visual arts on the example of the Kazakh State Art Gallery named after T.G. Shevchenko in the second half of the 1930s and to make adjustments to the existing historiographical gap. As a source base, office documents deposited in the Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan (TsGA RK) in Fund 1792, Kazakh State Art Gallery named after T.G. Shevchenko, and Fund 1736, Organizing Committee of the Union of Soviet Artists of the Kazakh SSR, were mainly used. Orders, resolutions, instructions, information letters dated 1937-1939, emanating from the Department of Arts Affairs under the SNK of the Kazakh SSR and the All-Union Committee for Arts Affairs under the SNK of the USSR were analyzed. Archival sources made it possible to identify the range of issues supervised by the departments, to determine the degree of integration of the cultural institution into the all-Union museum system, to highlight the situation regarding the replenishment of museum funds and the personnel issue. The methodological basis was the theory of modernization. A systematic approach was used to implement the research objectives. The study shows that, due to the historically prevailing conditions, professional visual arts did not receive a proper development on the territory of the Central Asian ethnoregion. The peripheral position of art, which persisted for quite a long time after the revolution, began to change by the mid-1930s with the coming to power of L.I. Mirzoyan (1897-1939), the first secretary of the Kazkraikom of the CPSU (b). During this period, the process of the all-Union restructuring of the management system in the field of culture coincided with the formation of the republican artistic infrastructure. The Kazakh National Art Gallery in Alma-Ata was made the profile center responsible for the presentation and popularization of visual arts in the republic. In general, public administration in the field of visual arts was implemented in line with the development of the state program of assistance to national suburbs through the formation and development of regional art infrastructure, accelerated growth of the museum art fund, with a parallel strengthening of integration into the all-Union socio-cultural space. At the same time, the analysis of the main elements of management testifies to their belonging to the administrative and command management system, with the inherent cumbersomeness of the bureaucratic apparatus, adherence to the principles of personnel appointments, and not electability, the presence of power centralization, which left minimal opportunities for the manifestation of initiative on the ground.

VYATKA LAND DURING THE ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS OF PETER I AND CATHERINE I (1699-1727)

The article is devoted to the administrative reforms of Peter the Great and subsequent administrative transformations of the reign of Catherine I in 1699-1727 in the Vyatka Land (the central and northern part of the modern Kirov Region and the Udmurt Republic). The idea of the reforms was to abolish the old command management system and the outdated administrative division of the country. During the implementation of the reforms, the hasty and ill-considered nature of many decisions was quickly revealed. The rapid transition from the old administrative system to the new order in the conditions of the Northern War caused a crisis of local governance. As a result, a number of innovations did not receive their development, and some managerial positions and administrative units actually moved from the 17th century to the 18th century without change, only changing their name. The results of the reforms at the first stage did not bring the expected results, but marked the beginning of the reform of the management structure and administrative-territorial division in the Vyatka-Kama region.

Strategi Komunikasi Dalam Manajemen Pengembangan Organisasi

The development Organization of Islamic boarding institutions as one of religius social organization in Indonesia gets special attention from former religius organizations. This attention is reasonable, because in no longer time Organization has spreaded all over Indonesia / Nusantara. This phenomenon is interesting to study in the perspective of communication science : what is the communication concept and strategy of organization development ? Based on the problem, this reseach is aimed to study and find the communication concept and strategy of development . This reseach uses qualitatif-phenomenology approach, and to collect data is used interview, partisipation observation, and documentation. The reseach subject is the general Organization . The result of reseach shows that there are some proponent / supporting factors in the communication concept and strategy of organization developiment ,its like to (1) becoming the values and concept of religion as guidance to rule all organization activities, (2) using command management approach “imamah jama’ah” as communication strategy of organization development.

Leader airtime management and team effectiveness in emergency management command and control (EMCC) teams

We investigated the relation between leader airtime management and team effectiveness in Emergency Management Command and Control (EMCC) teams. Leader airtime management concerns leaders’ interventions to structure who shares information when using opening and closing statements to respectively stimulate or reduce information sharing. We coded leaders’ airtime management statements across different meeting phases (structuring, information sharing, decision making) using video-recordings of 12 EMCC exercises involving two consecutive meetings each. Experts rated two components of team effectiveness: Team Situation Awareness (TSA) and Team Decision Making (TDM). We found that closing statements were more frequently used in the decision-making phase than in any other meeting phase. Also, leaders of teams with lower TSA used more opening statements in the decision-making phase of the first team meeting than leaders of teams with higher TSA. These results confirm the importance of the timing of leader airtime management for EMCC team effectiveness. Practitioner summary: We investigated leader airtime management and team effectiveness in EMCC teams. We video-coded 12 exercises; experts rated team effectiveness. In the decision-making phase, leaders use more closing statements, and leaders of less effective teams use more opening statements. Leaders are advised to adjust their airtime management to meeting phases.

Transformation of the Rrussian fisheries management system

The article considers the system of management transformation in the fisheries complex of the Russian Federation from administrative and command management in the conditions of the USSR to the present day and reveals their cardinal difference. Firstly, there are no powers of the current management structure – the Federal Agency of Rosrybolovstvo in such activities as manufacturing, transportation, storage and trade, that is, the logistics chain «production – counter» is artificially broken. Secondly, industrial relations in these areas are regulated by different departments. It is proposed in the current conditions in the management system to introduce the functions of the chief coordinator of various departments on issues of the fisheries complex and assign them to the Federal Agency Rosrybolovstvo. The creation of a comprehensive system of coordination of all interested departments, responsibility and regulation of relations to achieve final results at the federal level will not require large costs, and the positive result is obvious. The authors propose, taking into account the ongoing transformation in the Russian fisheries complex, the formation of a new organizational and managerial structure – an industrial economic ecosystem, which is a kind of complex that is characterized by self-organization, self-regulation and self-development under the influence of various external factors and the environment. The lack of necessary and reliable information can become a brake on the development of digitalization of the fisheries complex. Currently, VNIRO is dynamically developing a digital information and analytical platform. Giving the platform the status of a project office in the future will make it possible to cover the entire array of necessary information and areas of analysis under the auspices of the Federal Agency Rosrybolovstvo in a unified manner with other interested management bodies, enterprises, unions, public organizations and regional authorities. The ecosystem is well synchronized with the modern digital economy, as a result of which the interaction of companies moves to a qualitatively new level, which will allow for more concentrated achievement of local at the enterprise level or strategic goals of Russia’s economic development. Thus, the introduction of new principles in the management system aimed at the final result affects the entire federal management structure of the fisheries complex.

경비원 역량 강화를 통한 재난관리에 관한 연구

This study approached the role of private security guards from the perspective of disaster management, and discussed new areas of operation and ways to strengthen capabilities related to community safety. In terms of the location of apartment houses, the field of activities of private security guards and their role in disaster management were mainly discussed. In order to examine the role of private security guards in apartment houses, I tried to review the relevant laws and analyze the current situation, and derived the main points. First, various laws and regulations exist regarding the activities of private security guards. Second, it was confirmed that the concentrated activities were restricted because private security guards were stipulated to take charge of tasks other than security. Third, the active age of private security guards is widely distributed among the elderly and elderly. The following are suggestions that can contribute to disaster management activities in apartment houses by strengthening the capabilities of private security guards. First, apartment houses must set up their own security tasks. Second, professional education is required for safety management and situational command for the management subject of the apartment house. Third, the capacity of the management entity should be prepared so that it is possible to cope with and command dangerous situations including disasters. Fourth, subjects in the field of safety and disaster management should be added to the curriculum of private security guards and security instructors. Fifth, a rapid dissemination system for risk factors should be established.