Management Body Research Articles

Exploring visitor’s satisfaction and recommendation intention at mega sporting events using the S-O-R model with host country hospitability as moderator

ABSTRACT Research question This study aims to study visitor satisfaction and recommendation intention at mega sporting events using the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) model, with host country hospitability as a moderator. Research method Data collected from 321 respondents were analyzed through partial least squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), and the findings of this study revealed that visitor satisfaction is affected by the ambient conditions, amenities, and convenience of the venue. Results and Findings The findings also revealed that perceptions of price value have a modest effect on visitor satisfaction. Visitor satisfaction, in turn, significantly drives recommendation intention. The moderating role of host country hospitability presents mixed results. It enhances the positive impact of ambient conditions and convenience on visitor satisfaction but does not significantly affect the relationships between price value or amenities and satisfaction. This implies that organizers of mega sporting events should focus on creating a pleasant environment and facilitating good amenities and easy access. In addition, a host country's hospitability can enhance visitor satisfaction, particularly through a welcoming atmosphere and convenient arrangements. Implication This study contributes to the existing body of event and tourism management, specifically in the context of mega sporting event. The study's findings will help service providers and policymakers to develop more robust strategies for the future mega sporting events by enhancing the visitor satisfaction, particularly through a welcoming atmosphere and convenient arrangements.

Institutionalising inclusion

Inclusion within the electoral process is crucial for democratic societies, ensuring all citizens can participate regardless of background. The study explores how institutional frameworks, particularly electoral management bodies like the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission (ZEC), facilitate or hinder inclusivity through their operational mandates. Drawing on data from Election Observation Missions and other sources, this analysis evaluates the ZEC's performance in candidate inclusion, accessibility of polling stations, voter education initiatives, and representation of marginalised groups such as women and youth. Key findings reveal that while ZEC implemented measures to enhance inclusion, challenges persisted, such as accessibility issues for voters with disabilities and uneven voter education coverage. Through a historical backdrop and contextual framework, this paper delves into the role of electoral institutions in promoting democratic processes and enhancing inclusion. The findings underscore both achievements and challenges encountered by the ZEC, suggesting areas for future improvement and policy refinement to strengthen electoral inclusivity through institutional means. The study concludes by recommending enhanced financial and legislative support for ZEC to bolster its operational capacity and collaboration with other institutions. Addressing these recommendations could mitigate common electoral challenges and further embed inclusive practices within Zimbabwe's electoral framework.

Right to Vote and Electoral Judiciary in Brazil

Abstract This paper aims to demonstrate how the constitutional guarantees of the right to vote and the constitutional design of the Electoral Judiciary have protected electoral integrity in Brazil during the Bolsonaro administration. The 1988 Constitution entrenched voting rights, expanded suffrage, and adopted compulsory voting, creating inclusive voting practices that facilitate voter turnout. The constitutional system also provided for an independent Electoral Judiciary that operates on all levels of electoral governance, including rulemaking. As the sole electoral management body in the country, the Electoral Judiciary generated a process of positive feedback that reinforced its authority. This process has also been guaranteed by the institutional linkage of the Superior Electoral Court with the Federal Supreme Court, where the latter acts as a self-referencing veto point, upholding the decisions of the Electoral Judiciary. Keywords: voting rights, electoral management, electoral justice, Brazilian election law.

MARKETING IN THE SPHERE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

The article reveals the relevance of using marketing tools in the field of public administration. The concept of «marketing» is analyzed, the approaches of modern scientists to this concept are considered. Today, there are about 2,000 definitions of the concept of «marketing», in which the main tasks, processes and concepts of marketing are reflected in various combinations. A significant impact on the variety of definitions of marketing was made by the variety of points of view on the goals, objectives and content of marketing and marketing activities. Quite often, definitions of marketing are based on concepts of an economic nature (for example, profit maximization, increasing income, market, competitiveness, etc.), on management concepts (planning, regulation, organization, etc.). Emphasis is placed on a large number of derivative concepts of marketing, including «state marketing», «territorial marketing», «regional marketing», etc. It is indicated that marketing in the field of public administration is, first of all, an approach in public administration that puts the satisfaction of consumers and producers of public services in a prominent place, which acts as a specific form of marketing implementation. More specifically, this is the marketing activity of management bodies and/or their representatives who act as producers, consumers or intermediaries (suppliers) in the processes of exchange of goods, services, ideas and other values. The tools of state marketing were proposed, and the results of the use of the tools were analyzed. An analysis of the main types of marketing in the field of public administration was carried out: macro-marketing; direct state marketing; state internet marketing; de-marketing This classification is generally correct, as it takes into account the subject composition and various goals of marketing in the field of public administration. It has been proven that marketing in the field of public administration is based on real mechanisms of market functioning, and is also focused on achieving the maximum social effect from increasing the degree of satisfaction of the needs of the country's population. It is proven that the state uses marketing tools in its policy. However, so far it has a single character, and the use of such tools should be systematic. The application of marketing in the field of public administration and the activities of public bodies can be a means of achieving and increasing the competitiveness of both the national economy and the entire national state.

Introducing a new index for flood mapping using Sentinel-2 imagery (SFMI)

Accurate surface water detection and mapping using Remote Sensing (RS) imagery is crucial for effective water and flood management and for supporting natural ecosystems and human development. In recent years, RS technology and satellite image processing have significantly advanced in flood and permanent water extraction, particularly in water index, clustering, classification, and sub-pixel analysis. Water-index-based techniques, distinguished by their quickness and convenience, offer notable advantages. The dynamic and extensive nature of surface water and flooded areas make the water index particularly effective for monitoring large areas. However, challenges arise due to the complexity of ground surfaces in aquatic environments, including shadows in built-up, vegetated, and mountainous regions, narrow water bodies, and muddy water. This research presents a new Flood Mapping Index using Sentinel-2 imagery (SFMI) designed to address these challenges and identify water and flooded areas more accurately. The SFMI utilizes visible and near-infrared bands derived from Sentinel-2 data, employing 10-m bands to compensate for errors arising from spectral and spatial changes more effectively. The SFMI index is designed based on the spectral signatures of various land cover classes, utilizing the potential of 10-m resolution bands to identify water bodies and flood areas. Unlike the most conventional methods, the SFMI identifies and extracts water and flood regions without complex thresholding, and thus mitigates the impact of irrelevant features, such as dense vegetation and rugged topography on the flood and water body maps. The proposed index was tested in two large areas with high spectral diversity, yielding promising results. The SFMI index demonstrates an average overall accuracy of 97.1% for pre-flood water extraction, 97.95% for post-flood water extraction, and 98% for flooded area extraction. Moreover, the results showed an average kappa coefficient of 0.958 for pre-flood water extraction, 0.965 for post-flood water extraction, and 0.978 for flooded area extraction. The performance of the SFMI index for extracting flooded areas (ΔSFMI) is superior to its performance for water extraction both before and after the flood. However, it is essential to note that the accuracy of the flooded area map is contingent on the accuracy of the water area map both before and after the flood. Thus, the SFMI index based on 10-m Sentinel-2 imagery accurately detects floods and water bodies over time, without relying on thresholding, making it suitable for flood management and monitoring various water bodies like dams, lakes, wetlands, and rivers. The findings underscore the applicability of the proposed SFMI index in diverse and spectrally rich areas, demonstrating its effectiveness in monitoring various surface water bodies, detecting floods, and managing flood crises.

Horti-IoT: a new data framework for Dutch horticulture

Abstract Consistency issues limit the sharing of horticultural data across multiple systems, resulting in challenges for users to analyze data effectively across various systems utilizing artificial intelligence technology. Introducing data governance principles can help standardize and unify data practices, making it easier for analysts to locate, comprehend, transfer and integrate data from diverse sources to enable data-driven horticulture. Implementing data governance and principles specific to horticulture can assist in standardizing the layout and format of data structures from different sources. This study aims to propose a new governance framework, Horti-IoT, based on the Data Management Body of Knowledge and several structured frameworks for the Internet of Things (IoT) governance that will lead to data-driven horticulture. This study is empirical in nature. The Dutch horticulture stakeholders are involved in this initiative, providing the data, knowledge, and experiences needed for this study. The data stream from various sources, including camera images, sap flow sensors, climate sensors and manually measured growth data. The key findings following the implementation of the Horti-IoT framework’s principles are reduced workload for data analysts, efficiency in plant monitoring, savings time in pre-processing, enhanced water resource management, reduced system administrator contacts and compliance with General Data Privacy Regulation. The new proposed Horti-IoT framework, compatible with Dutch horticulture, is presented. The data were obtained from the Lab greenhouse at the World Horti Centre in the Netherlands, in the framework of the Regionale SIA RAAK MKB call March 2022-September 2024 subsidy funds for project title ‘Gewasgroei Goed Gemeten (GeGoGe). This project is a collaboration between three educational institutions. Inholland University of Applied Science, the Hague University of Applied Science, Lentiz Vocational School, and stakeholders.

Organizational and Legal Grounds for the Activities of the Prikaz System of Central Government in Russia (Late 15th — First Half of the 16th Century)

The paper presents an author’s analysis of the organizational and legal basis of the prikaz system that was formed in the Russian state at the end of the 15th — first half of the 16th centuries. In the period under review, the previously existing palace and patrimonial system of organs, aimed at solving the applied tasks of ensuring the management of the princely court, but assuming the presence of boyar estates, could no longer effectively respond to the challenges the state faced. There was a need for centralized state control and management bodies. Prikazes were such bodies. At the same time, the level of development of law made it possible to give both the prikaz system itself and its functioning normative features. The sources of that time not only mention certain bodies and positions, but also establish the foundations of their legal status: a place in the system of government and administration, rights, obligations, responsibility. Of course, such a consolidation, that was fundamentally different from the previous approach to this issue, at the end of the 15th — the first half of the 16th century was not systemic and comprehensive. At the same time, it is obvious that it had already taken shape. The authors considered the signs of the origin of legal regulation of both the organizational structure of prikazes and the procedure for their functioning. According to the results of the study, it is concluded that at the end of the 15th — the first half of the 16th century organizational and legal foundations of the prikaz system of the Russian state had already begun to form on the basis of key regulations of that time — the Judicial Code of 1497 and the Judicial Code of 1550. Acting under the control of the sovereign, the prikaz system acted as the core in the management of the united state. The fundamentals of the functioning of orders laid down by the legislator provided effective leadership and a systematic approach to solving domestic problems.

The conflict within: the politics of parliamentary election management in Iran

ABSTRACT Scholars of comparative politics have long been interested in understanding conflicts that arise among elites within authoritarian contexts. Such conflicts are particularly puzzling when they occur in the context of authoritarian elections and within state administrative institutions like the electoral management body (EMB). Using previously unanalysed primary sources provided by Iran’s Ministry of Interior, which document the inner workings of Iran’s 2000 parliamentary election management, this study investigates intra-elite conflict associated with this important election. I found that within the dual EMB structure, where elected and unelected members coexist, elected administrative members can access information on irregular activities by unelected members more than those outside of this body. These information resources encourage elected members to take the risk of accusing more powerful elites – the unelected members of the regime – of electoral fraud. This is particularly evident during the reformist (moderate opposition) Presidency. My findings suggest the importance of examining intra-elite conflict within administrative institutions – EMBs – for a better understanding of political contestation within otherwise opaque authoritarian regimes.

REGIONALISM IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OF UNDERWATER CULTURAL HERITAGE REGIME

The article is devoted to the characteristics of the peculiarities of public administration of underwater cultural heritage regime in the regions whose water areas are significantly rich in such objects. The research of regional specifics of legal regulation and organizational mechanisms of the maintenance of the operational regime aimed at underwater cultural heritage represents experience of countries that are parties to the 2001 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage and those who have not yet adhered to it. The relevance of the research issues is determined by the necessity to create the concept of the public administration of underwater cultural heritage regime in Ukraine based on the best international practices and progressive experience of the functioning of comprehensive legal regimes of sea areas and regional cooperation. The article aims to determine the main tendencies, the best tools and mechanisms of the public administration of underwater cultural heritage regime in the range of regions of the world, whose water areas are significantly rich in such objects. The article’s purpose is to suggest proposals regarding the adoption of the positive experience and implementation of the new practices of legal regulation and organizational support of the underwater cultural heritage regime in Ukraine. The methodological basis of the research is composed of general scientific and special legal methods of scientific knowledge (historical, statistical, analysis and synthesis, comparative, scientific abstraction, forecasting, simulation). The authors describe the main modern risks for underwater cultural heritage and the ways of their potential detrimental effects elimination. Within the classical ways of regional cooperation in the field of maritime activity, the joint efforts and national approaches to public administration of underwater cultural heritage regimes in Mediterranean, Black Sea and Caribbean Basins have been characterized. It was mentioned that typical features of such administration include the establishment of specially authorized national management bodies, approval of relevant legislation and regional specialized treaties, cooperation with interested parties and digitization of vaults of museums and underwater objects in situ. Special attention was drawn to the necessity of the development of national legislation of Ukraine on the activity in the field of underwater cultural heritage, to the intensification of efforts regarding cooperation on regional and global basis, as well as to the implementation of new technical opportunities for activation of underwater historical, cultural and archeological artifacts digitization.

Economic and legal regulation of resident activities of Diya City

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of economic and legal support for the activity of an enterprise that is a resident of Diya City. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that in the conditions of the digital economy there can be economic systems in which there are intra-system organizational economic legal relations and intra-economic legal relations. In intra-system organizational economic relations, their participants are legally equal, therefore management in the form of coordination within the system will be implemented on the basis of economic dominance, which ensures mutually beneficial interaction between the participants of this system. A resident of Diya City, created in the form of a company with limited or additional liability on the basis of an economic contract, can transfer the powers of the executive body to another legal entity. It is expedient to define the requirements for such a legal entity as fully as possible in the Diya City resident statute. The contract for the performance of the powers of the executive body of the resident of Diya City must contain the following essential conditions: subject, price, term of the contract, financial and economic indicators that must be achieved by the resident of Diya City as a result of management, deadlines for their achievement, conditions for control and reporting, grounds for early termination of the contract. Before concluding an agreement on the transfer of powers to the executive body of the resident of Diya City to comply with the legal economic order on the basis of the previous agreement, it is advisable for the parties to organize mutual checks: audit, compliance, due diligence, etc. On the basis of an economic outsourcing contract, including an IT outsourcing contract, a resident of Diya City can involve professional, highly specialized companies in his own economic system. Such a feature of outsourcing as the duration of the relationship between the parties in this relationship will be optional, as it may arise for the implementation of a certain project. Digitization allows the enterprise to move from such organizational forms as management, regulation, control mainly to coordination, because with digitalization, the enterprise creates digital structural units and digital management bodies, and digital (virtual) workplaces become the basis.

Extraordinary parliamentary elections in Ukraine during martial law

The article is devoted to the little-studied issue in Ukraine of the legislative ban on extraordinary, or early, parliamentary elections during the period of the special legal regime of martial law. The subject of the study is such a type of early parliamentary elections as interim elections of people’s deputies. The relevance of the researched issue is determined by the ongoing martial law regime in Ukraine and the legislative ban on holding any elections, the necessity of which arises during this martial law. It is noted that the difference between ordinary and extraordinary parliamentary elections in the conditions of this martial law is that the ban on holding ordinary parliamentary elections leaves the country with a valid parliament, and the ban on holding extraordinary parliamentary elections deprives the country of a valid parliament. In order to investigate the legality of the application of this ban to the interim elections of people’s deputies, the following was analyzed: first, the legislative justification of the state election management body in Ukraine regarding the non-appointment and non-holding of these interim parliamentary elections during this martial law, using the example of the latest case from December 13, 2023; and secondly, the publications of Ukrainian scientists regarding these interim parliamentary elections in the conditions of this martial law. It was found out, firstly, that this ban is not a norm of the Constitution of Ukraine neither for scientists nor for the state election management body, and secondly, that this ban does not have an indisputable link of consistency with the Constitution of Ukraine: some legal researchers claim , that this ban corresponds to Article 64 of the Constitution of Ukraine, but other researchers of this Article 64 come to conclusions that exclude the possibility of consistency of this ban with this article of the Constitution of Ukraine. It is substantiated that the content of Article 64 of the Constitution of Ukraine has three meanings regarding the interim elections of people’s deputies during this martial law: 1) they can be held, 2) they can not be held, 3) they can be held with a limited number of voters. It is proposed to consider as an alternative to this prohibition of by-elections of people’s deputies during this state of war martial law electoral qualification - a special and temporary restriction of the circle of voters for holding these by-elections in the conditions of this war. A variant of this qualification is proposed - the qualification of a legal entity.

О возможности признания публично-правовых образований и лиц, выступающих по их специальному поручению, контролирующими должника и привлечении их к субсидиарной ответственности

One of the central legal concepts of insolvency (bankruptcy) as a complex branch of legislation in Russia is the so-called “controlling debtor”, which appears in disputes on bringing to subsidiary liability in bankruptcy proceedings. Traditionally, legal science and judicial practice consider as such individuals and legal entities that may determine the debtor’s behavior by virtue of legal or actual affiliation with the debtor. However, public-law entities and persons acting on their special instructions in the debtor’s management bodies escape from the field of view of doctrine and practice. In this connection, the authors in this article analyze the possibility of bringing public-law entities and persons acting on their special instructions to subsidiary liability within the framework of the Federal Law “On Insolvency (Bankruptcy)”. In the course of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that it is necessary to distinguish between subsidiary liability of public legal entities and persons acting on special instructions in the debtor’s management bodies. on special assignment in the debtor’s management bodies. In addition, the authors give a negative assessment of the possibility of bringing to subsidiary liability persons acting in the management bodies of the debtor by special order and on behalf of publiclaw entities, since there is no guilt - one of the mandatory elements of the offense. The relevance of the article consists in revealing the peculiarities of bringing to subsidiary liability of persons acting on special assignment on behalf of public-law entities.

Balancing the interests of shareholders (participants) and members of the Corporation’s management bodies: new challenges and opportunities

The main task of management in a corporation is to ensure a balance of interests of all subjects of corporate relations. An important aspect is the search for legal instruments that will ensure this balance in a certain economic society. Such funds are contained in the current legislation, developed by judicial practice, and can be fixed in the company’s charter. The purpose of the study is to identify the most effective means to ensure a balance of interests of shareholders (participants) and members of management bodies in a business company at the present time. The article also analyzes the legal means that are fixed by the sanctions regulations, and the relevant conclusions are drawn.

Civil liability of the sole executive body of a business company: correlation with labor and tax law institutions

In modern conditions of business turnover, characterized by the desire of business entities to achieve the benefits and goals of social corporate responsibility, the issues of preserving the balance of interests of parties that have a diversified status are of particular relevance. Such subjects include the general director, who is simultaneously a management body, an employee and a taxpayer, being in relations with a business company regulated by both corporate, labor and tax law norms, which allows to qualify his status as a diversified one. The issue of correlation of the norms of three branches of law in relation to the status of the chief executive officer (CEO) through the prism of the institute of civil liability in the form of compensation for losses caused to the company by incentive (bonus) payments to the CEO is considered. The article assesses the law enforcement practice in disputes concerning the recovery of this category of losses from the director, where the courts give priority to the norms of corporate law without taking into account the explanations of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation on the unconditional right of an employee to receive bonuses, which are a variable component of salary. The court approaches are analyzed and their justifications are given with regard to the inclusion of the amounts of personal income tax paid by the company to the budget of the Russian Federation into the damages recovered from the CEO. The conclusions are made about the priority importance of labor and tax legislation norms in correlation with corporate law norms when applying the institute of directors’ indemnification for losses. The results of the study can be used for the development by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of appropriate explanations to the courts of lower instances on consideration of disputes on the recovery of losses from the sole executive body of a business company.

The Nexus between Electoral Management System and Post-Election Violence in Kenya Since 1963

The study investigates the relationship between Kenya's electoral management system and post-election violence, which has persisted despite numerous reforms since the country's independence in 1963. The primary aim was to identify structural issues within the electoral administration that contribute to violence following elections. The research analyzed key components of the electoral management system and the causes of post-election violence. Utilizing consociationalism theory, voting theory, and rational choice theory, the study employed a historical design with both qualitative and quantitative methods. The research was conducted from July to December 2022. The target population included eligible voters (260), politicians (50), IEBC officials (40), political analysts (60), humanitarian-aid organizations representatives (10), local election observers (5), international election observers (5), security personnel (10), and county administrative staff (10). A stratified random sampling method was employed to collect data using both questionnaires and interviews. The targeted population established the strata of 641,396, and a random sample was taken from each stratum, arriving at a sample size of 450 respondents. The findings revealed that Kenya's electoral system is primarily based on the First Past the Post (FPTP) model, which is a plurality/majority system. The study identified several key factors contributing to post-election violence, including the "winner-takes-all" nature of elections, disputes over election results due to perceived bias in the electoral management body, and voter incitement by politicians. A statistically significant correlation was established between the electoral management system and post-election violence (β=.685, t = 16.225, Sig. =.000). The findings indicated that the self-interest and impunity of political leaders, along with ethnic divisions and mistrust, hinder the IEBC's ability to conduct fair and credible elections. A significant association was also found between the causes and consequences of post-election violence (β=.757, t = 19.088, Sig. =.000). The study recommends exploring alternative electoral systems, such as proportional representation and mixed-member models, to promote inclusivity and fair representation. By establishing a connection between the electoral management system and post-election violence, this research contributes to peace and conflict studies, addressing a relatively understudied area in Kenya and the broader region.

Involving unused land in the economic turnover of the agricultural sector of a region: institutional regulation and economic feasibility

The article shows the necessity of institutional regulation of the process of involving unused agricultural land into the economic turnover of the agrarian sphere of a region. It presents quantitative and qualitative characteristics of previously withdrawn agricultural lands, their territorial distribution by soil and climatic microzones and administrative districts of a region, unused period duration, residual fertility level (in terms of humus content), and land plots degradation degree. A calculation-analytical complex such as an algorithm representing a four-stage mechanism of analysis, preparation and decision-making on the choice of the land plots restoration method and their further use option has been developed and proposed for use. It is recommended to use three options for land plots restoration: direct return to economic turnover in case of a short period of non-use; carrying out cultural and technical measures with subsequent implementation into the turnover; transfer to another category of use in case of a high degree of degradation and low fertility level. The developed algorithm of unused agricultural land involvement is aimed at preserving the land potential of a region, strengthening the rational land use system. The presented stages provide not only theoretical and methodological, but also practical significance. Application scope is scientific organizations, agroindustrial complex management bodies at the municipal and regional levels, and agricultural producers.

Assessing research needs for informing pet food industry decisions

Abstract The global pet food industry continues to grow being fueled by increased pet ownership, higher disposable income of pet owners, and a growing demand for premium products. While this growth has attracted increased interest of researchers in animal nutrition and product formulation, the overall body of management and economic literature to guide product innovation and marketing strategies in the pet food industry is still limited. This study aims to identify and highlight the most important, relevant, and current research needs for informing product and marketing decisions in pet food. The methods include a quantitative analysis of primary data from a survey of 76 pet food decision makers involved in the procurement of raw material, production, and marketing. The findings suggest the need for extensive research in various areas pertaining to the quality and availability of raw materials, processing methods, and forecasting consumer preferences. The findings also emphasize high value research areas such as identifying alternative protein sources, enhancing nutrient retention during the extrusion process, identifying opportunities for product innovation that align with customer preferences, and accurately predicting consumer demand.

ПОНЯТТЯ ТА СТРУКТУРА МЕХАНІЗМУ ПУБЛІЧНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ

The existence of a state without state administration is meaningless and simply impossible without the help of which it broadcasts its will. This is a lever with which regulation can be carried out. The State Administration is designed to activate and actualize the use of all available resources, opening new opportunities, creating stimulating conditions, and maintaining a favorable environment for increasing management efficiency and the population's quality of life. At the same time, a specific dependence is indicated between the full realization of the accumulated potential and the quality of public administration. It is manifested in the following: the higher the professional management level, the better the existing potential is used and multiplied. Thus, the realization of one's potential depends on the level of state administration. The regularity of modern management determines this relationship. The state management system forms a management mechanism and with the help of all the main elements of actions of management bodies, target settings, principles, functions, structures, resources, methods, technologies, and management tools. The control mechanism cannot exist without these system components, and at the same time, without the control mechanism, there is no control system. The paper analyzes the interpretation of the term "mechanism of state management" by researchers. It is emphasized that the structure of the mechanism of state administration includes practical measures, means, levers, and incentives, with the help of which state authorities influence society, production, and any social system to achieve the set goals. The main components of the state administration mechanism were studied, and their classification was considered. It emphasizes the distribution of state management mechanisms depending on state management that apply them. The composition of the complex management mechanism is defined, which may include economic, motivational, organizational, political, and legal mechanisms. The author's vision of defining the term "mechanism of state administration" is given.

Trust and Religiosity: Integrating Technological Acceptance Factors into the Extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) Model for Zakat Online Payment Systems

The aim of this study is to examine the adoption of digital zakat payment platforms among micro-entrepreneurs, incorporating trust and religiosity into the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. This research extends the traditional UTAUT framework by integrating trust and religiosity as additional determinants of technology adoption intention, alongside the model's core constructs of performance expectancy and social influence. Primary data for this study was gathered through a digital survey disseminated to 110 micro-entrepreneurs in the state of Kedah, all of whom are actively registered with the Malaysian Company Commission (SSM), under the auspices of the Ministry of Domestic Trade, Cooperatives, and Consumerism (KPDNKK). The methodological approach is rooted in structural equation modelling, which facilitates a rigorous empirical analysis of the relationships between technological constructs and user intention. The results reveal that trust and performance expectancy, along with social influence, significantly impact micro-entrepreneurs’ intentions to engage with online zakat payment systems. Interestingly, despite the religious nature of zakat, religiosity did not emerge as a significant predictor in the context of this digital payment adoption. This insight suggests that while religious obligation drives the act of zakat itself, it is the technological aspects of trust and anticipated performance that influence the preference for digital payment methods over traditional ones. This research provides valuable implications for zakat institutions and policymakers aiming to foster the digitalization of religious financial transactions. By highlighting key factors that influence digital adoption, the study underscores the potential for zakat management bodies to innovate and promote digital solutions that align with micro-entrepreneurs' expectations and trust requirements. Ultimately, this study charts a path forward for enhancing digital inclusivity in religious financial practices, marking a transition from conventional to modern, technology-enabled means of fulfilling zakat obligations.

МЕХАНІЗМ ФОРМУВАННЯ КОМЕРЦІАЛІЗАЦІЇ ОБ’ЄКТІВ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЇ ВЛАСНОСТІ: БЕЗПЕКОЗНАВЧІ КОНТЕКСТИ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ УПРАВЛІННЯ

In modern conditions of martial law, one the most important aspects of ensuring the effective functioning of business structures, as well as the formation of positive results its financial activity, is the existence of an effective security system for the commercialization of intellectual property objects, which will ensure business protection from threats. Protection is due to the ability of management bodies the business structures at the appropriate levels: to ensure sustainable economic development through the protection of intellectual property objects; to neutralize the negative impact of crisis phenomena on business structures; to form an adequate accounting system of financial flows and to strengthen the operational efficiency of control system in the process commercialization of intellectual property objects; ensure the implementation of work on the protection of the confidentiality of information constituting a commercial secret etc. Modern scientific research points to the fact that without a unified security system of business structures regarding the commercialization of intellectual property objects, it is impossible to find a way out of the crisis, stabilize the economic situation and create an effective mechanism for conducting business. The main components of the organizational and economic mechanism of commercialization of intellectual property objects at enterprises, which, in particular, include organizational processes; processes of technical and economic substantiation; processes of determining the market conformity of intellectual property objects to the needs of consumers; legal enforcement processes. Only the processes of determining the market suitability of intellectual property objects to the needs of consumers, that is, the processes of market research, are directly related to the process of commercialization. The other three components of the mechanism of commercialization of intellectual property objects are no less important, as they ensure the effective implementation of the actual process of commercialization or transfer. As the research results showed, the main influencing factors in the context of security science on the commercialization of intellectual property objects are: regulatory and legislative problem; the problem of valuation of intellectual property objects; personnel problem; the problem of organizational support for the commercialization of intellectual property objects. Therefore, the development of the organizational and economic mechanism of commercialization of intellectual property objects is a necessary and integral part of building a national innovation system aimed at increasing the competitiveness of the national economy and ensuring the transition to sustainable economic growth and strengthening of national security, including. Thus, the choice of the most acceptable method of commercialization should be justified from the point of view of the expected profit that it can bring to the owner of the rights in specific conditions.