Benefits Of Management Research Articles

Motor Cortex Stimulation for Refractory Facial Neuralgia and Paresthesia in Ramsay Hunt Syndrome.

This study explores motor cortex stimulation (MCS) as a treatment for Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS)-related neuralgia, which often persists despite traditional therapies. A 68-year-old patient with RHS experienced significant pain and sensory relief after MCS, after ineffective conventional treatments. MCS enhances neural plasticity, offering a promising alternative for managing intractable neuralgia and sensory disturbances in RHS patients. This case underscores MCS's potential efficacy, advocating for further research into its broader application and benefits for RHS-related pain management.

Corrosion Rate of ASTM A53 Steel in Seawater Influenced by Variation in Concentration of Mangifera Indica L. Peel Extract

This study investigates the effectiveness of mango peel extract as a corrosion inhibitor for ASTM A53 steel, which is widely used in the oil and gas industry. The research aims to evaluate how different concentrations of mango peel extract can mitigate corrosion in seawater from Pangandaran, thereby extending the lifespan of steel components in marine environments. Corrosion tests were conducted through immersion experiments over durations of 1, 4, 9, 16, and 25 days with mango peel extract concentrations of 0 ppm, 20 ppm, 40 ppm, 60 ppm, and 80 ppm. Analytical methods including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Optical Microscopy (OM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the steel's surface morphology and chemical composition. The results demonstrate that mango peel extract significantly reduces the corrosion rate of ASTM A53 steel, with the highest efficiency achieved at 40 ppm (58.15%) and a notable reduction at 60 ppm (56.4%). The inhibition is attributed to chemical absorption, which lowers the steel's corrosion potential. These findings suggest that mango peel extract is an effective, eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor, offering practical and theoretical benefits for corrosion management. This research supports the use of bio-based inhibitors and may inform future industrial corrosion protection strategies.

DETERMINANTS AND BENEFITS OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT: CASE OF THE DRGB SONATRACH TRC

Knowledge management has become essential for organizations seeking a sustainable competitive advantage. However, its success depends on several prerequisites. This article aims to provide an overview of knowledge management applied within an Algerian company, the Regional Directorate of Bejaia, for transporting hydrocarbons by pipelines, "DRGB SONATRACH TRC." To this end, we employed two research instruments: an interview guide for a hierarchical manager and a questionnaire addressed to employees. Our final sample consists of 51 employees from various professional categories. SPSS version 23 was used for the analysis of the collected data, and the non-parametric Spearman's rho correlation test was utilized to verify the research hypotheses. Our findings indicate that knowledge management in the studied enterprise manifests through the combination of five subprocesses: creation, acquisition, application, sharing, and storage of knowledge. These processes are influenced, to varying degrees, by the following determinants: organizational culture, leadership, information technologies, and strategy. Our study also highlighted the benefits of knowledge management, such as increased market share, improved quality of products and services offered, and enhanced company image and productivity. In light of these results, we recommend the formalization of knowledge management practices and their integration into the company’s strategy, the promotion of a flexible compensation system that includes rewards for innovative ideas and solutions, as well as the relaxation of bureaucratic procedures to encourage individual initiatives and creativity. This study enriches the existing literature, which tends to analyze the knowledge management process in a fragmented manner, by proposing a focus on concrete mechanisms applicable in practice. Its practical contribution is reflected in the identification of strengths to leverage and obstacles to overcome.

Incidence and Outcomes of Emergency Presentation With Complicated Abdominal Wall Hernias: A Retrospective Study.

Aims This study aims to analyse the type of repair and post-op outcomes for individuals who underwent surgical intervention and presented with symptomatic abdominal wall hernia as an emergency. It highlights the importance of timely elective hernia management in lowering emergency presentations and any related complications. Background Abdominal wall hernias are common surgical conditions that can present electively or as emergencies, with emergency cases being associated with higher complication rates. In recent years, there has been an increase in emergency hernia presentations, leading to a greater number of urgent surgeries. These emergency operations have been linked to higher rates of post-op complications and re-interventions due to factors like bowel obstruction, strangulation, and delayed intervention. Therefore, research and analysis of post-op outcomes are essential to highlight the potential role of elective hernia management in reducing the burden of emergency cases. Methods This study was a single-institution retrospective study that looked at patient data over a 10-year period and involved patients who presented with abdominal wall hernias on an emergency basis and underwent surgical repair. Data were collected on patient demographics, presenting symptoms, hernia type, surgical technique, use of mesh reinforcement, post-op complications, re-intervention rates, and length of hospital stay. The database was developed and analysed with IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26 (Released 2019; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA), and the results were considered significant at p<0.005. Results Over a 10-year period, 239 patients presented with emergency abdominal wall hernias, with 238 undergoing surgical repair; one patient died before surgery. Most repairs were performed using an open approach (93%, n=221), while 7% (n=17) were laparoscopic. Primary repair was conducted in 47% of cases (n=111), and mesh reinforcement was used in 53% (n=127). The overall recurrence rate was low (2%, n=4), with higher recurrence observed only in primary repairs. Mesh repairs had a higher incidence of post-op complications (56%, n=37) compared to primary repairs (44%, n=29). Patients who underwent mesh repair had an average hospital stay of eight days compared to those with primary repair (nine days). Inguinal, umbilical, and femoral hernias were the most common types observed, accounting for over 76% of cases. In total, 6% of patients (n=15) required bowel resections, highlighting the complexity of these cases. Most patients (72%, n=172) experienced no complications, but some of the most common post-op complications were wound dehiscence (7%, n=17), post-op collection (7%, n=16), delayed recovery (3%, n=8), and recurrence (2%, n=4). Conclusion It has been observed that a greater number of post-op complications and longer hospital stays are linked to emergency hernia procedures, especially when mesh repair is utilised. Although the recurrence rate of mesh repairs is lower than that of primary repair, the increased risk of complications highlights the significance of cautious surgical planning and patient selection. In conclusion, this study highlights the benefits of elective hernia management in reducing emergency presentations and the unfavourable consequences that may arise from it. These results support the importance of pre-op optimisation, especially for high-risk patients, and add to the debate on the best surgical techniques.

Quantification of Bioactive Compounds by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Acorn Flour Extracts.

This study provides the first comprehensive evaluation of the bioactive potential of acorn flour extracts (Quercus robur, Fagaceae) prepared at different temperatures (20, 60, 80 and 100 °C), focusing on polyphenolic content, antioxidant properties and enzyme inhibitory activities. Through HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis, 36 bioactive compounds were identified, with the extract at 60 °C showing the highest concentrations of key polyphenols, notably gallic acid (210,008.9 mg·kg-1) and ellagic acid (45,469.6 mg·kg-1). This extract also exhibited a high antioxidant activity and significant inhibition of glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase, suggesting potential benefits for diabetes management and neuroprotection. The results indicate that extraction temperature affects bioactivity, with the 60 °C extract standing out as a promising candidate for nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and cosmeceutical applications due to its rich polyphenol profile and potent biological properties.

Immediate Effect of Uddiyana Bandha on Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Hypertension: A Randomised Controlled Study.

Hypertension, a prevalent cardiovascular condition, is linked to autonomic nervous system dysregulation, often evidenced by reduced heart rate variability (HRV). Yoga, particularly Uddiyana Bandha, may influence autonomic control and improve HRV, thus offering potential benefits for hypertension management. This study intended to assess the impact of the regular use of Uddiyana Bandha practice on HRV among hypertensive patients. This randomised controlled study included 60 hypertensive patients aged between 40 and 60. Participants were randomised into an intervention group practicing Uddiyana Bandha (n = 30) and a control group with no intervention (n = 30). The outcome measures included time and frequency domain HRV variables, specifically the standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN), the square root of the mean squared differences of successive NN intervals (RMSSD), high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) components in normalised units (n.u), and the LF/HF ratio. These were assessed both before and immediately after the intervention. The intervention group performed three rounds of Uddiyana Bandha under supervision, while the control group rested quietly for an equivalent duration. The Uddiyana Bandha group demonstrated significant (p < .05) improvements in HRV parameters post-intervention compared to the control group. Mean RR interval, SDNN and RMSSD increased immediately after Uddiyana Bandha practice. The HF component (n.u) increased, while the LF component (n.u) and LF/HF ratio decreased (p < .05), indicating enhanced parasympathetic activity. No significant changes were observed in the control group. Uddiyana Bandha's practice immediately has notable effects on HRV in hypertensive patients, showing better autonomic balance and cardiovascular performance. These results suggest Uddiyana Bandha as a possible non-pharmacological strategy for hypertension management. Future studies with larger sample sizes and longer durations are needed to support these results and explore long-term effects.

The impact of ivermectin on COVID-19 outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in approximately seven million deaths globally, underscores the urgency for effective treatments. Ivermectin, among several repurposed drugs, garnered interest due to its antiviral properties. However, conflicting evidence from observational studies and randomized controlled trials raised questions about its efficacy and safety. Method: This systematic review and meta-analysis followed MOOSE and PRISMA guidelines. Comprehensive searches were conducted in databases including Scopus, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science up to April 2024. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers and analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V3 software. Results: Across 33 studies encompassing 15,376 participants, ivermectin showed no significant impact on critical outcomes such as mortality [risk ratio (RR) 0.911, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.732–1.135], mechanical ventilation (RR 0.727, 95% CI 0.521–1.016), polymerase chain reaction conversion (RR 1.024, 95% CI 0.936–1.120), ICU admissions (RR 0.712, 95% CI 0.274–1.850), or hospitalization rates (RR 0.735, 95% CI 0.464–1.165) compared to controls. However, it significantly reduced time to symptom alleviation (standardized mean difference −0.302, 95% CI −0.587 to −0.018) and sustained symptom relief (RR 0.897, 95% CI 0.873–0.921). Adverse event (AE) rates were similar between the ivermectin and control groups (RR 0.896, 95% CI 0.797–1.007). Meta-regression indicated older age and diabetes as predictors of AEs. Conclusion: Despite its observed benefits in symptom management, ivermectin did not significantly influence critical clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. These findings highlight the importance of continued research to identify effective treatments for COVID-19, emphasizing the need for high-quality studies with robust methodology to inform clinical practice and public health policy effectively.

Analyzing the economic benefits of sustainable fisheries management

A significant portion of the state's economically disadvantaged people depends on the fishing industry for both their livelihood and food security, making it one of the state's major food producing sectors. Its importance has grown in recent years, and it has made a significant contribution to the State and national economy in terms of foreign exchange profits, rural employment creation, and nutritional security and livelihood. There are three sub-sectors of fisheries: freshwater, brackish water, and marine. In addition to providing wholesome food for all of humanity, fishing has historically been a significant source of income for both coastal and inland fishing communities. Over the past three decades, one of the fastest-growing food production systems in India has been fisheries and aquaculture, which are thriving economic sectors. They have made a huge, albeit understated, contribution to the agricultural (4.6%) and national (1.3%) economies, to livelihood and nutritional security, to the creation of jobs for 11 million people, and to foreign exchange revenues (more than Rs. 8000 crores). The primary obstacle that most fisherman face when trying to raise money is their incapacity to provide loan security. Security is crucial even when receiving financial aid from government banks.

Benefits of Complementary Therapies During Pregnancy, Childbirth and Postpartum Period: A Systematic Review.

The current trend in maternal health is to foster more natural and less medicalized therapies, with increasing interest in complementary therapies. This study has analyzed the benefits of complementary therapies during pregnancy, delivery and the postpartum period. A paired systematic review was carried out (PROSPERO: CRD42024543981). The following databases were consulted: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and CINAHL. Inclusion criteria were randomized clinical trials about complementary therapies in women during pregnancy, delivery and/or the postpartum period. The risk of bias of the clinical trials was evaluated using the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized trials version 2 (RoB-2). A total of 1684 studies were found, with a final selection of 17. The most studied symptom was pain. Hydrotherapy, perinatal Swiss ball exercises, acupressure, virtual reality and foot reflexology provided a significant reduction in pain during labor. Similarly, aromatherapy, electroacupuncture and massage have shown significant benefits in pain management after Cesarean. Yoga, when practiced during pregnancy, effectively reduces anxiety and depression, with similar benefits observed when practiced during the postpartum period. Complementary therapies improve pain, anxiety and depression management across maternal health phases.

Combining Medication With High-Intensity-Focused Ultrasound for Adenomyosis: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

This network meta-analysis aims to identify the best possible combination therapy for individuals suffering from adenomyosis. To identify pertinent research for the network meta-analysis, a comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP, spanning from their commencement to February 21, 2024. The study's focus was on evaluating outcomes including visual analog scale (VAS) scores for dysmenorrhea, measurements of uterine and lesion volumes, menstrual blood loss, and the rate of disease recurrence. The findings from both direct and indirect comparisons, which were quantitatively assessed using weighted mean differences or relative risk along with their respective 95% confidence intervals, were graphically depicted in forest plots. Additionally, the ranking probability was illustrated, which indicated the likelihood of various high-intensity-focused ultrasound (HIFU) combination therapies being the most effective across each measured outcome. In the final analysis, this network meta-analysis encompassed a total of 31 articles. The results showed that HIFU combined with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) and progestin was more effective to decrease VAS score for dysmenorrhea than other combined therapies. HIFU combined with progestin was superior to other combined therapies in decreasing uterine volume, lesion size, and recurrence rate. HIFU combined with mifepristone was more effective to reduce menstrual volume compared to other combined therapies. The analysis suggests that regimens incorporating HIFU along with GnRH-a and progestin, or HIFU combined with progestin or HIFU combined with mifepristone might offer superior benefits in the clinical management of adenomyosis. These combined treatment approaches could potentially be more effective options for patients suffering from this condition.

Analyzing Quinoa Seeds: LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS Approaches for Identifying a Nutrient-Rich Functional Food in Alzheimer's and Diabetes Care.

Quinoa is a versatile, nutrient-dense, gluten-free pseudocereal, increasingly recognized for its potential health benefits, particularly in managing diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease-two conditions with growing links. Recent research on 14 quinoa genotypes explored fatty oil composition and bioactive potential of quinoa extracts. Linoleic acid was predominant fatty acid (46.60%-56.33%), whereas alanine was the most concentrated amino acid across all active extracts (192.4887-1578.0355nmol/mL). French Vanilla hexane extract exhibited the strongest α-glucosidase inhibition (75.71%), with Santa Ana hexane extract showing the highest α-amylase inhibition (28.58%). Additionally, Titicaca hexane extract displayed notable acetylcholinesterase inhibition (22.22%), and Moqu Arochilla methanol extract had the most potent butyrylcholinesterase inhibition (47.20%). Antioxidant assays revealed that Salcedo and French Vanilla extracts had exceptional 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, with positive correlations found between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity (DPPH, β-carotene, FRAP). These findings emphasize quinoa's potential as a functional food, offering significant benefits for disease management.

Training and Utilization of Geographic Information Systems at Rahmatullah Lempake Samarinda Islamic Boarding School

The application of Geographic Information System (GIS) technology in education is becoming increasingly vital for enhancing digital literacy and spatial analysis skills. Rahmatullah Lempake Islamic Boarding School in Samarinda is one of the educational institutions with significant potential to utilize this technology in supporting the management of its environment and local resources. The initiative aims to provide students with training in GIS, enhancing their knowledge and skills in spatial data management and geographic analysis. The training employed a combination of lectures, discussions, and practical sessions using GIS software. It was attended by students aged 12 to 15 and covered foundational topics, such as an introduction to GIS, mapping applications, and data analysis techniques. The results of this training demonstrated a notable improvement in the students' understanding and basic GIS skills, as well as increased awareness of the technology's potential applications in their local environment. The integration of GIS into the educational process offers significant benefits, particularly in enhancing students' technological literacy and spatial analysis capabilities, which can be applied to environmental management activities within the Islamic boarding school. In conclusion, the GIS training at Rahmatullah Lempake Islamic Boarding School has effectively developed the students' foundational skills in technology and geographic analysis, offering practical benefits for future resource management and environmental planning endeavors.

An Overview of Potential Benefits for General Health and Weight Management by Consuming of Chia Seedsaa

Chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) have undoubtedly Attain Approval in current time due to their nourishing advantages. They are Famous for their huge composition of omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential for cardiac and central nervous systems. Also, chia seeds are Affluent in nutritive microfibers, which can help in assimilation and allow an affection of satiety; chia seeds have a huge contentof proteins and derivatives, so considered a good origin of proteins. These proteins and derivatives are necessary for different bodily Concerns, including muscle rebuilding and development, enzyme protraction. A way from the twenty certified proteins, dozen are included in the standardized metabolism techniques of plant corpuscle, and the tarrying 8 are exactly connected to the rendering and preservation of plant fats, indicating that the huge content of fats in chia seeds, which is responsible for thirty percent of their content. Also, chia seeds are Distinctly Loaded in omega-3 fatty acids, hatch twenty percent of their fats content. The residences of these proteins are interrelated to fats generation and preservation enlighten on why chia seeds are an important origin of omega-3 fatty acids and other advantageous fats. Chia seeds are a rich nutrient because of their super content and good effects on the health. Also, Weight controlling, Chia seeds are loaded in natural or artificial substance and nitrogenous matter, which can aid in assist a feeling of satiety and decrease calories consumption.

Promoting a foundation of resilience in older adults: pilot trial of a strengths-based positive psychology intervention for chronic low back pain

ABSTRACT Introduction Chronic low back pain (cLBP) is a global public health problem and a leading cause of disability among older adults. Recent years have seen a burgeoning interest in promoting resilience in individuals with chronic pain; however, therapeutic strategies that focus on positive psychological resources and individual strengths are understudied among older adult populations. The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility and acceptability of a resilience-promoting intervention among older adults with cLBP, and to assess preliminary treatment effects on pain severity, pain interference, and quality of life. Methods Participants included 50 adults, ages ≥50 years, with back pain rated (at minimum) of moderate intensity and having a significant impact on daily activities. This single-arm trial included seven weekly group sessions targeting positive psychology concepts and techniques that have established benefits in pain management. Results Results suggest high credibility and engagement in the intervention program. Participants found the weekly session content to be beneficial and global treatment satisfaction was high. Pain intensity (−4.3 [−6.14, −2.54]), pain interference (−3.3 [−4.83, −1.80]), depression (−1.6 [−3.16, −0.04]) and QoL-health satisfaction (0.3 [0.01, 0.55]) improved from pre- to post-intervention. At the 3-month follow-up, improvements were also observed for pain intensity (−2.1 [−9.29, −5.04]), pain interference (−5.3 [−6.54, −2.86]), and QoL-physical health (0.9 [0.11, 1.74]). Discussion Results support the feasibility, acceptability, and potential efficacy of a resilience intervention for older adults with cLBP. These findings may be a step toward the advancement of therapeutic pain modalities and provide a foundation for future research on resilience-promoting interventions for aging populations with chronic pain.

Evaluation of the In Vitro Disinfection Potential of the Phytochemicals Linalool and Citronellal Against Biofilms Formed by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

This study aimed to analyze the potential of phytochemicals linalool and citronellal against E. coli and S. aureus biofilms and to compare the results to sodium hypochlorite. We tested the minimal inhibitory concentration, bacterial cell reduction, respiratory chain dehydrogenase activity, cell membrane integrity, and biomass reduction. The results show the lowest inhibitory concentration for both E. coli and S. aureus for sodium hypochlorite, followed by a combination of linalool and citronellal, the sole use of linalool, and the sole use of citronellal, respectively. Furthermore, we found that linalool was effective in biofilm cell reduction, cell respiratory inhibition, membrane integrity, and biomass reduction, while citronellal was less effective. Overall, this indicates that linalool has some benefits in biofilm management, especially with a focus on reducing toxic sodium hypochlorite consumption.

The Effect of Epidural Analgesia on In-Hospital Outcomes in Patients with Acute Pancreatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) can lead to severe complications and high mortality. Previous studies suggest that epidural analgesia (EA) may reduce AP severity and improve outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of EA on in-hospital outcomes in AP patients. Electronic databases (PubMed, Medline-Ovid, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science) were systematically searched until mid-May 2024 for RCTs comparing EA with other pain management strategies in AP patients. Variables were pooled using weighted mean difference (WMD) or risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Data analysis employed a random-effects model and the Mantel-Haenszel method. Study heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. Five RCTs with 260 participants were included. Meta-analysis showed no significant differences in in-hospital mortality (RR = 0.69, 95% CI [0.29, 1.65], p = 0.40), mechanical ventilation (RR = 0.82, 95% CI [0.61, 1.10], p = 0.19), sepsis events (RR = 0.88, 95% CI [0.42, 1.86], p = 0.74), hospital/ICU stay (WMD = 0.49 days, 95% CI [-1.13, 2.10], p = 0.55), and pain score (WMD = 1.49, 95% CI [-0.42, 3.40], p = 0.13). However, opioid requirements were significantly lower, as reported by one study with morphine milligram equivalent of 15 mg/day compared to 52 mg/day in the control group (p = 0.001). Heterogeneity was low to moderate for most outcomes but high for pain score (I2 = 92%). The overall certainty of evidence was very low due to the small number of studies, risk of bias, and limited sample size. EA did not significantly improve in-hospital outcomes in AP patients. However, findings indicated reduced opioid consumption in the EA group, suggesting potential benefits in pain management. Further high-quality, large-scale randomized trials are needed to understand the potential benefits of EA in this population.

Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Thermal Conductivity of Unsaturated Soils Amended with a Sustainable Biochar

This study investigates the thermal conductivity of unsaturated kaolin soil amended with biochar to promote sustainable geotechnical engineering. Biochar from agricultural waste offers the dual benefits of carbon sequestration and sustainable waste management. Experimental measurements were conducted for kaolin soil with 0% (control) and 10% biochar under varying moisture contents. Peach pit biochar increased thermal conductivity by 2–3% at 30–40% saturation and 40–50% at higher saturation as compared to the bare soil. Reed biochar decreased thermal conductivity by 1–2% at lower saturation but increased it by 55–60% at higher saturation. Applewood biochar increased thermal conductivity by 35–50% at moderate saturation, decreased beyond 50% water content, and had minimal variation at lower saturation. Further, the existing empirical models (such as Kersten and the Johansen model, Wiener’s model, and Mickley’s model) for predicting the thermal conductivity of materials were validated using the measured results of biochar-amended soils. Adding 10% biochar reduces thermal conductivity by 34.8%, and the Haigh model (2012) fits best with high accuracy and lower RMSE values than models such as Kersten and Johansen, which appears to be less reliable in case of biochar-amended soils. With an addition of biochar, the R2 values of the models decreased from a range of 0.8 to 0.9 to a range of 0.4–0.6, indicating the need for better model adaptation. Wiener bounds accurately predicted thermal conductivity at low saturation levels but varied greatly at higher ones. The most variable sample was peach pit biochar, highlighting the need to refine predictive models for material-specific differences. These findings provide a foundation for developing improved predictive models and integrating biochar into sustainable geotechnical and geothermal systems.

Pengaruh Perkembangan Pariwisata Situ Gunung Terhadap Perekonomian Masyarakat Kadudampit

Tourism development should not only be aimed at providing benefits for tourism managers and tourists, but also must have a positive impact on the people who live around it. Therefore, tourism managers need to consider economic sustainability for the surrounding community as well. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the influence of Situ Gunung tourism development on the economy of the Kadudampit Community. The method used in this research is quantitative method with linear regression analysis technique. The population in this study is the Situ Gunung tourism manager and the Kadudampit community. The results of the analysis show that the Situ Gunung Tourism Development variable (X) has an effect and is significant to the Situ Gunung Community Economy (Y), with a large influence of 51.6%.

Longitudinal and Seasonal Changes of Organic Matter Sources Through a Semi‐Arid River‐Reservoir System

AbstractThe quality and quantity of organic matter (OM) in a river system directly affects ecosystem health; thus, managers benefit from an in‐depth understanding of the drivers and sources of OM. In the Snake River, a highly altered river‐reservoir system in the semi‐arid western United States, OM production and loading are key drivers of reservoir anoxia, which leads to several deleterious processes such as mercury methylation. However, sources and quantities of OM to the Snake River, and the effects of impoundment on OM moving through the river‐reservoir system, are not well understood. Particulate organic carbon (POC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate nitrogen (PN), chlorophyll a (chl‐a), and δ15N–PN and δ13C–POC isotopic ratios were measured bi‐weekly for over 2 years at four locations through the Snake River Hells Canyon Reservoir Complex to determine spatial and temporal patterns of OM quantities and sources. POC concentrations increased through the riverine zone upstream of the reservoirs, likely due to in situ primary production and/or inputs from tributaries and agricultural drains; then decreased through the most upstream reservoir likely due to particle settling. Isotopic ratios and other OM source indicators (δ15N–PN, δ13C–POC, POC:PN, chl‐a:POC) show that the dominant source of particulate OM was phytoplankton with seasonal terrestrial/macrophytic inputs. Results highlight the effects of major tributary and agricultural drain inputs, primary production, and impoundment on OM composition and concentration through a large river‐reservoir system and may inform water quality management efforts in this and similar systems.

A Review on Isolation, Characterization, Biosynthesis, Synthesis, Modification, Pharmacological Activities and Toxicology of Mitragynine

Mitragynine is a natural compound found in the leaves of the Mitragyna speciosa tree, commonly known as kratom, which is primarily sourced from Southeast Asia. This review article highlights the methodologies of extraction techniques for isolating mitragynine, purification, characterization, and biosynthesis, including the complete synthesis of mitragynine and its derivatives, and briefly summarizes their biological activities and toxicology of mitragynine. The study was conducted by searching several scientific databases. There were extraction methods for mitragynine, including organic solvent extraction (hexane, chloroform, and methanol), green solvent extraction (distilled water), ultrasound-assisted extraction, and accelerated solvent extraction. The purification process of mitragynine using column chromatography with various eluen, including n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether. The natural mitragynine is mainly generated from the shikimate pathway and monoterpenoid secoiridoid pathway. Furthermore, there were several methods for the complete synthesis of mitragynine and the alteration of its structure. Mitragynine and its derivatives possess various pharmacological properties, including anticancer, Analgesic effects, gastrointestinal effects, antidepressant effects, Impact on cognitive function, antioxidant, and antidiabetic. The higher doses of mitragynine (100 mg/kg) in rats led to changes in hematology and the histopathological examination of the liver and brain indicates signs of toxicity.