Erythrocyte Malondialdehyde Research Articles

Effects of carnosine on prooxidant–antioxidant status in heart tissue, plasma and erythrocytes of rats with isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction

Rats were injected with isoproterenol (ISO; 110mg/kg, ip, 2 doses, 24h interval) to induce acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and were sacrificed 6 and 24h after the last ISO injection. The heart tissue, plasma and erythrocytes of these rats were evaluated for cardiac markers and oxidative stress parameters. Levels of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and the activities of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in plasma were increased 6 and 24h after ISO treatment. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), diene conjugate (DC), and protein carbonyl (PC) were increased in heart tissue and plasma, while levels of erythrocyte MDA and glutathione (GSH) and plasma ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were also increased. However, GSH levels and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) decreased in heart tissue of rats with AMI. We also investigated the effects of carnosine (CAR) treatment on these parameters 24h after the last ISO injection. CAR (250mg/kg/day; ip) treatments were carried out either 10 days before ISO injection or 2 days concomitant with ISO. Pretreatment with CAR decreased plasma LDH and AST activities and ameliorated cardiac histopathological changes in ISO-treated rats. Cardiac MDA, DC and PC levels decreased, but GSH levels and SOD and GSH-Px activities increased. However, the increases in plasma MDA and PC levels as well as erythrocyte H2O2-induced MDA and GSH levels did not change due to CAR pretreatment. In conclusion, our findings indicate that CAR pretreatment may have protective effects on ISO-induced cardiac toxicity by decreasing oxidative stress.

Tocotrienol - Rich Fraction from Palm Oil Prevents Oxidative Damage in Diabetic Rats = التوكوتراينول المشتق من زيت النخيل يمنع ضرر الإجهاد التأكسدي في الجرذان المصابة بداء السكري

This study was carried out to determine the effects of tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) (200 mg/Kg) on biomarkers of oxidative stress on erythrocyte membranes and leukocyte deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Male rats (n = 40) were divided randomly into four groups of 10: a normal group; a normal group with TRF; a diabetic group, and a diabetic group with TRF. Following four weeks of treatment, fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, oxidative stress markers and the antioxidant status of the erythrocytes were measured. FBG levels for the STZ-induced diabetic rats were significantly increased (P <0.001) when compared to the normal group and erythrocyte malondialdehyde levels were also significantly higher (P <0.0001) in this group. Decreased levels of reduced glutathione and increased levels of oxidised glutathione (P <0.001) were observed in STZ-induced diabetic rats when compared to the control group and diabetic group with TRF. The results of the superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly lower in the STZ-induced diabetic rats than in the normal group (P <0.001). The levels of DNA damage, measured by the tail length and tail moment of the leukocyte, were significantly higher in STZ-induced diabetic (P <0.0001). TRF supplementation managed to normalise the level of DNA damage in diabetic rats treated with TRF. Daily supplementation with 200 mg/Kg of TRF for four weeks was found to reduce levels of oxidative stress markers by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and increasing the levels of antioxidant status in a prevention trial for STZ-induced diabetic rats.

Association between serum paraoxonase and plasma nitric oxide in pre-eclampsia

Background: It is well accepted that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development of endothelial dysfunction leading to Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH). However, studies related to altered levels of paraoxonase and nitric oxide in PIH subjects are still in obscure. In this context, the present study was undertaken to assess serum Paraoxonase (PON), Nitric Oxide (NO) levels along with other markers of oxidative stress i.e. erythrocyte Malondialdehyde (MDA), plasma ascorbic acid levels in the blood samples of PIH subjects and to determine their relation in etio-pathogenesis of PIH complication. Methods: Markers of oxidative stress (PON, MDA, and ascorbic acid) and endothelial dysfunction (serum NO) were estimated in 20 normotensive pregnant women (Group I) and 20 PIH women (Group II) by using standard methods. Data obtained from both the groups were statistically compared with age matched 20 healthy non pregnant women (Control group) by using student’s t-test. Results: Serum PON and erythrocyte MDA levels were increased significantly whereas marked depletion in plasma NO and vitamin C levels (P <0.05, P <0.001) were observed in PIH subjects. In addition, PON levels were inversely correlated with endothelial dysfunction. However, only plasma NO levels were decreased significantly in group I subjects whereas other parameters were altered insignificantly (P <0.1) in group I subjects. Conclusion: These findings reflects the importance of antioxidant rich diet in the prevention of PIH complication and emphasizes the early assessment of serum paraoxonase and NO levels as efficient diagnostic marker to predict future risk of PIH development.

Alteration in antioxidants level and lipid peroxidation of patients with neurodegenerative diseases {Alzheimer′s disease and Parkinson disease}

Objective: To assess the level of oxidative stress (OS) and the antioxidants that play a prominent role in OS of neurodegenerative diseases; also to test the hypothesis that OS is associated with neuronal degeneration in patients with neurodegenerative diseases {Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD)}. Materials and Methods: A total of 28 AD, 42 PD patients and 42 healthy controls aged 60-80 yrs were recruited for the study. Plasma total antioxidant status (TAS), erythrocyte malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations were determined. Erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) were measured by using standard methods. Results: Plasma TAS was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in AD and PD subjects when compared with the controls. Erythrocyte antioxizdant enzymes activities of SOD, GSH-Px, CAT and activity of G6PD were significantly reduced (P < 0.01) in AD and PD when compared with that of controls. However, erythrocyte level of MDA in AD and PD subjects were significantly increased (P < 0.01) compared to the controls. Erythrocyte GSH level was significantly reduced (P < 0.01) in AD subjects and (P < 0.05) in PD subjects when compared with the control. Strong significant (P < 0.01) correlation was obtained between the marker of OS (MDA) and SOD among PD and AD patients. Conclusion: The present study reveals elevated OS and strong correlation between SOD and MDA. This indicates that reduced SOD plays a prominent role in the increase of OS in neuronal degeneration.

The effect of lead-induced oxidative stress on blood viscosity and rheological properties of erythrocytes in lead exposed humans

Lead-induced oxidative stress has been identified as the essential factor in lead poisoning pathogenesis. Therefore, the present study examined the association between occupational lead exposure and blood rheological parameters with respect to malondialdehyde (a lipid peroxidation product), lipofuscin, and glutathione concentrations in erythrocytes. The examined group included 283 healthy male employees of lead-zinc works. In brief, 129 workers were classified as the low-exposure group, while the high-exposure group was composed of 154 workers. The mean blood levels of lead and zinc-protoporphyrin and the mean urine concentrations of delta-aminolevulinic acid were used as exposure markers. The control group consisted of 73 healthy male administrative workers. Whole blood viscosity was elevated in both exposure subgroups compared with the control group. Erythrocyte aggregability increased significantly; although the increase was greater in the low exposure group. Erythrocyte deformability decreased in both subgroups. The levels of malondialdehyde and lipofuscin were significantly elevated, whereas the glutathione content decreased. In conclusion, occupational exposure to lead may induce oxidative stress in erythrocytes. This stress elevates whole blood viscosity and disturbs erythrocyte aggregability and deformability. There is a dose-effect relationship between lead levels and blood rheological parameters.

Prediction of hypertension and cardiovascular disease risk in North Indian geriatric population: a conundrum of senescence

Background: Aging has been found to be associated with various sorts of health complications. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the plasma paraoxonase (PON), Nitric Oxide (NO), Total Antioxidant Activity (TAA), lipid peroxidation and serum uric acid levels in the blood samples of different age group subjects and to determine their relation in the prediction of hypertension and cardiovascular disease risk with senescence. Methods: Markers of antioxidant reserves (PON, TAA, and uric acid), lipid peroxidation and endothelial dysfunction were estimated in selected 120 healthy subjects by using standard methods. Out of 120 subjects, 80 individuals were categorized into two groups: group I (40-55 years) and group II (≥56 years) and statistically compared it with that of 40 younger controls (20-30 years). Results: Marked depletion in plasma PON and NO levels were observed in group I and II subjects as compared to healthy controls whereas plasma lipid hydroperoxide (LHP) and erythrocyte malondialdehyde levels (MDA) were increased significantly (P <0.05) in group I and II subjects. However, levels of plasma TAA and uric acid were altered significantly (P <0.05) only in group II subjects. In addition, PON levels were inversely correlated with endothelial dysfunction, lipid peroxidation and uric acid, and positively related with TAA. Conclusions: These findings reflect the importance of assessment of plasma paraoxonase, as excellent marker along with NO in early prediction of hypertension risk and its related cardiovascular complications in elderly. Therefore, antioxidant defence system of body should be boosted up with advancing of age in order to avert future complications.

Emblica officinalis improves glycemic status and oxidative stress in STZ induced type 2 diabetic model rats

ObjectiveTo evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of Emblica officinalis (E. officinalis) fruit on normal and type 2 diabetic rats. MethodsType 2 diabetes was induced into the male Long-Evans rats. The rats were divided into nine groups including control groups receiving water, type 2 diabetic controls, type 2 diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide (T2GT) and type 2 diabetic rats treated with aqueous extract of fruit pulp of E. officinalis. They were fed orally for 8 weeks with a single feeding. Blood was collected by cutting the tail tip on 0 and 28 days and by decapitation on 56 day. Packed red blood cells and serum were used for evaluating different biochemical parameters. ResultsFour weeks administration of aqueous extract of E. officinalis improved oral glucose tolerance in type 2 rats and after 8 weeks it caused significant (P<0.007) reduction in fasting serum glucose level compared to 0 day. Triglycerides decreased by 14% but there was no significant change in serum ALT, creatinine, cholesterol and insulin level in any group. Furthermore, reduced erythrocyte malondialdehyde level showed no significant change (P<0.07) but reduced glutathione content was found to be increased significantly (P<0.05). ConclusionsThe aqueous extract of E. officinalis has a promising antidiabetic and antioxidant properties and may be considered for further clinical studies in drug development.

Local and systemic antioxidant status in experimental purulent corneal ulcer

Aim. To examine the systemic and local (corneal) free radical status in rabbits with experimental purulent corneal ulcers. Methods. The study was performed on the male chinchilla rabbits with an average weight of 3500±200 g 10 intact rabbits (10 eyes) served as controls. Staphylococcal purulent corneal ulcer was modeled on 40 animals (40 eyes) as described by N.A. Adamova (1999). The animals were euthanized at 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 21st day of the experiment. The concentration of malondialdehyde, protein-free thiols, as well as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase activity were determined in cornea homogenate and erythrocyte lysate. The obtained data were processed by the one-factorial dispersive analysis (ANOVA), Newman-Keuls test. Results. In all animals the purulent ulcer occurred 12-24 hours after staphylococcus culture introduction. From day 1 to day 3 of the experiment, the clinical picture of a purulent ulcer corresponded to an infiltration stage. From day 3 to day 7 of the experiment, palpebral edema developed, the purulent discharge lasted out, and in some cases even intensified. From day 7 to day 21 of the experiment, corneal infiltration decreased both by area and intensity. In 11,1% scaring corneal opacity formation began. Experimental purulent corneal ulcer development was accompanied by lipid peroxidation activation both in cornea and in erythrocytes, shown by increased malondialdehyde concentration, decreased protein-free thiols level and antioxidant glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase and superoxide dismutase enzymes activity. There was a strong direct relationship between the erythrocyte malondialdehyde level and corneal malondialdehyde concentration, and inverse relationship between erythrocyte malondialdehyde level and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity. Conclusion. The development of experimental staphylococcal corneal ulcers is accompanied by the development of local and systemic oxidative stress.

Vitamin E Supplementation and Markers of Oxidative Stress in Indian Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients

Background: Reactive oxygen species have been identified as mediators of cell injury in a variety of cardiovascular complications including Myocardial Infarction (MI). It is conceivable that vitamin E supplementation can be used therapeutically due to its role in ameliorating antioxidant status and free radicals scavenging activity. Aim: Therefore, the present study was undertaken to assess the markers of oxidative stress i.e. erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) &amp; malondialdehyde (MDA); plasma vitamin C, E, A and uric acid level in the blood samples of MI patients and to investigate the effect of in-vitro vitamin E supplementation in ameliorating the levels of these antioxidants in the blood sample of MI patients. Material &amp; Method: 60 MI subjects (age group 30-60 years) were taken for the study and 60 healthy individuals served as controls. In-vitro vitamin E supplementation in the blood samples of MI subjects were performed and above mentioned parameters were estimated by using standard methods. Data was compared statistically by using student t-test. Result: Vitamin E supplementation brought about an improved antioxidants status with significantly raised vitamin C, E, A and GSHPx levels (p&lt;0.05, p&lt;0.001), and simultaneously depleted level of erythrocyte MDA (p&lt;0.001) in blood samples of MI subjects. However, plasma uric acid levels remain unaltered (p&lt;0.1). Conclusion: These findings further support the preventive and cardio protective role of vitamin E supplementation in reducing oxidative stress levels in the blood samples of MI patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i2.8430 Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(2) 2014: 46-53

Continuous vs interval training on glycemic control and macro‐ and microvascular reactivity in type 2 diabetic patients

To determine the effects of continuous aerobic exercise training (CON) vs interval aerobic exercise training (INT) on glycemic control and endothelium-dependent vasodilatation, 43 participants with type 2 diabetes were randomly allocated to the sedentary, CON, and INT groups. The CON and INT exercise training programs were designed to yield the same energy expenditure/exercise session and included walking on treadmill for 30 and 40 min/day, 3 times/week for 12 weeks. Body fatness and heart rate at rest decreased and leg muscle strength increased (all P < 0.05) in both the CON and INT groups. Fasting blood glucose levels decreased (P < 0.05) in both exercise groups but glycosylated hemoglobin levels decreased (P < 0.05) only in the INT group. Maximal aerobic capacity, flow-mediated dilation, and cutaneous reactive hyperemia increased significantly in both exercise groups; however, the magnitude of improvements was greater in the INT group. Only the INT group experienced reductions in erythrocyte malondialdehyde and serum von Willebrand factor and increases in plasma glutathione peroxidase and nitric oxide (all P < 0.05). We concluded that both continuous and interval training were effective in improving glycemic control, aerobic fitness, and endothelium-dependent vasodilation, but the interval training program appears to confer greater improvements than the continuous training program.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF OXIDATIVE STRESS PARAMETERS IN HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION &amp; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS

The liver has a critical role in metabolism, digestion, detoxification and elimination of substances from the body. Hence in diseased conditions, the products of free radicals from the liver increase which results in further damage to the vital organs. This study is done to compare the oxidative stress parameters in hepatitis B virus infected patients and alcoholic hepatitis patients. The study included 150 individuals (39 females) aged 25-75years of which the Group A included   normal healthy volunteers; Group B consisted of alcoholic hepatitis patients and Group C included hepatitis B patients. When compared to control, Erythrocyte MDA was significantly high and erythrocyte GSH was significantly low in both Group B and Group C where as Plasma Ascorbic Acid level &amp; Serum α-Tocopherol were low in both the groups.  When group B and Group C were compared, MDA and GSH showed no significant difference (p&gt;0.05) while α-Tocopherol and ascorbic acid levels varied significantly (p&lt; 0.005).The liver enzymes were also significantly raised in both forms of Hepatitis, when compared to the control. The AST/ALT ratio was reversed (&gt;1) in Group B (Alcoholic Hepatitis) as compared to Group C (Hepatitis B) and normal individuals (&lt;1).  It is suggested that GSH, MDA in erythrocyte, Plasma Ascorbic Acid &amp; Serum α-Tocopherol can be made an effective tool in assessing the progression of the liver disease for timely intervention.  Key words: Alcoholic Hepatitis, Ascorbic Acid, α-Tocopherol, Glutathione (GSH), Hepatitis B virus infection, Malondialdehyde (MDA).

Oxidant and Antioxidant Status in Children With Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

We analyzed serum alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, retinol, and ascorbic acid levels and malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione concentrations on erythrocyte and cerebrospinal fluid in 30 patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis to evaluate oxidant and antioxidant status. Serum alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, retinol, ascorbic acid levels, and erythrocyte and cerebrospinal fluid reduced glutathione concentrations were decreased; however, erythrocyte and cerebrospinal fluid malondialdehyde levels were increased in the patients. Cerebrospinal fluid malondialdehyde levels were different between clinical stages of the disease (P < .05). Higher cerebrospinal fluid malondialdehyde level was associated with the more severe clinical stage. A positive correlation was found between cerebrospinal fluid malondialdehyde level and clinical stages (r = 0.42; P < .05) and between erythrocyte malondialdehyde level and clinical stages (r = 0.40; P < .05). Our findings showed presence of oxidative damage in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and that antioxidants were increased as defense mechanisms of the organism against oxidative damage.

Susceptibility of knee osteoarthritis patients to develop cardiovascular disease - a clinical study

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a process of progressive destruction of articular cartilage which makes the OA patients physically inactive and increases the probability to develop cardiovascular disease (CVD). Aim: The objectives of present study were to estimate atherogenic index, markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in knee OA patients of different Kellegren- Lawrence (KL) grade and clarify the probability of knee OA patients to develop future CVD risk with disease severity. Methodology: Atherogenic index, plasma paraoxonase, C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were estimated by using standard methods in 55 - 70 years aged 76 knee OA patients categorized into three groups (on the basis of KL grading scale) and 24 healthy subjects (control group). The obtained values were compared statistically by using student’s t-test. Result: A significant reduction in the plasma paraoxonase and serum HDL cholesterol levels were observed in (p&lt;0.05) Group II &amp; III knee OA patients. Similarly, erythrocyte MDA, Total cholesterol/HDL ratio and plasma CRP levels were increased significantly in (p&lt;0.05) Group II and III knee OA patients. However, these levels were found to be altered insignificantly (p&lt;0.01) in Group I knee OA subjects as compared to controls. Conclusion: Thus, the probability of KL grade III and IV knee OA patients to develop future risk of CVD are more as characterized by elevated antherogenic index, systemic inflammation and oxidative stress and reflect the need of antioxodants supplementation along with drug of choice to reduce CVD risk in knee OA patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i3.8169 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 4(2013) 62-68

Status of antioxidant defense and lipid peroxidation in schizophrenics with positive, negative and cognitive symptoms

IntroductionThe etiology of schizophrenic is still remains elusive. In the last few decades, dopamine hyperactivity hypothesis predominates in the research field. Impaired antioxidant defenses are suggested to participate in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The aim of this study is to elucidate whether oxidative stress may have a pathophysiological role in schizophrenia and in clinical course. MethodsA total of 48 schizophrenic patients of age group 18–55 years (30M: 18F) were recruited. The patients were divided into three groups: 18 subjects with positive symptoms, 14 with negative symptoms and 16 with cognitive symptoms. The control groups consist of 48 healthy individuals that were recruited from general population with similar socio-economic status. Total antioxidant ststus (TAS), erythrocyte malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione (GSH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) were measured using standard methods. ResultsErythrocyte MDA concentration was significantly increased in schizophrenic subjects with positive, negative and cognitive symptoms. Contrarily, the erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes GSH-Px and CAT were significantly reduced among schizophrenic subjects. Erythrocyte GSH and plasma TAS concentrations were also significantly reduced in schizophrenic subjects. Likewise, secondary antioxidant enzymes activity G6PD was significantly reduced (p < 0.01) among schizophrenic subjects. ConclusionOur finding reveals that maintenance of redox balances within cells is a primary component of homeostasis underlying neuronal survival. Studies are pointing to oxidative stress as a part of the pathology in schizophrenia. Therefore, identifying viable therapeutic strategies to tackle oxidative stress and the resulting physiological disturbances will provide an exciting opportunity for the treatment and ultimately prevention of schizophrenia.

Melatonin reduces oxidative stress in the erythrocytes of multiple sclerosis patients with secondary progressive clinical course

Oxidative stress plays a major role in multiple sclerosis (MS). Melatonin is a potent neuroprotectant. The aims of this study were to determine the actions of melatonin in the reduction of oxidative stress in MS. Therefore, we estimated lipid peroxidation and activities of main antioxidative enzymes in the red blood cells (RBCs) from selective group of MS patients only with secondary progressive (SPMS) clinical form and verified results with functional state. The sixteen (n=16) SPMS patients were supplemented with melatonin (10mg daily/30days). Age matched healthy subjects were used as a control (n=13). We determined the level of lipid peroxidation by malondialdehyde (MDA) and activities of main antioxidative enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxide (GPx) in RBCs of SPMS patients. Melatonin caused statistically significant increase of SOD, GPx (p<0.0001 and p=0.004065, respectively) and decrease of MDA in erythrocytes of SPMS patients (p=0.00019). Correlation analysis of Spearman showed positive correlation between SOD and (expanded disability status scale) EDSS scale both before (r=0.64, p=0.00756) and after (r=0.634, p=0.00834) melatonin treatment. These results demonstrate that supplementation with melatonin SPMS patients should be taken into account, especially in progressive form of MS.

LEAD-ELEVATED ACTIVITY OF XANTHINE OXIDASE IN LEAD-EXPOSED WORKERS

The aim of the present study was to explore the connection between lead toxicity and the activity of xanthine oxidase (XO). In addition, we indicated the uric acid (UA) and creatinine levels and concentration of erythrocyte malondialdehyde (MDA) to estimate oxidative stress intensity. The examined group consisted of 125 healthy male employees of zinc and lead works. The examined group was divided into tertiles according to blood lead levels. In the collected blood samples, concentrations of lead-exposure indices, UA, creatinine, and MDA as well as activity of XO were measured concomitantly. The control group consisted of 32 healthy male administrative workers who were exposed to lead only environmentally. XO activity and MDA level were significantly elevated in all tertiles compared to the control group. Creatinine level was significantly elevated in the medium and high tertiles. However, the level of UA was significantly elevated in the high tertile, while in the low and medium tertile only a tendency toward higher values was observed. Occupational exposure to lead induces activity of XO. 'lhis induction may contribute to the observed simultaneously increased oxidative stress, measured as MDA level, and the increased level of UA.

Protective effect of theaflavin on erythrocytes subjected to in vitro oxidative stress.

Antioxidant and free radical scavenging effect of black tea theaflavins has been shown in many epidemiological studies. In the present work we report the protective mechanism of tea theaflavins on biomarkers of oxidative stress, which are elevated during stress conditions. We hereby report the in vitro effect of theaflavins on erythrocyte malondialdehyde (MDA), intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH), and plasma membrane redox system (PMRS) of rats. The effect of theaflavin on PMRS has also been validated through an in silico docking simulation study using Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD). We report that theaflavins show significant protection to erythrocyte against oxidative stress induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP). The findings suggest a possible protective role of theaflavins as antioxidant.

Protective role of vitamins C and E in diclorvos-induced oxidative stress in human erythrocytes in vitro

Organophosphate (OP) pesticides such as dichlorvos (DDVP) intoxication has been shown to produce oxidative stress due to the generation of free radicals, which alter the antioxidant defense system in erythrocytes. In this study, the effects of DDVP (1, 10, 100 µM) or DDVP + vitamin C (VC; 10 µM) or vitamin E (VE; 30 µM), on the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in human erythrocytes were examined in vitro. There were no statistical differences between all groups for 1 µM concentration of DDVP. Treatment with DDVP alone produced an increase in the level of MDA and decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes (P < 0.05). Groups treated with vitamins and DDVP showed protective effects of vitamins against DDVP-induced changes in antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation (LPO) (10 µM). At 100 µM concentration of DDVP vitamins had no effect on DDVP-induced toxicity. The results show that administration of DDVP resulted in the induction of erythrocyte LPO and alterations in antioxidant enzyme activities, suggesting that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be involved in the toxic effects of DDVP. Also the data show that the plasma level of VC and VE may ameliorate OP-induced oxidative stress by decreasing LPO in erythrocytes at certain doses of OP pesicides.

Effect of antioxidants in pre eclampsia women at increased risk

Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. It is a complex syndrome of undetermined etiologic origin, usually diagnosed during second half of pregnancy. Elevated levels of oxidative lipid derivatives and reduced antioxidants in the circulation of preeclamptics may contribute to endothelial damage. There is good evidence for a significant increase in the levels of malondialdehyde in plasma and erythrocytes. Group I: Normotensive nonpregnant women (control), Group II: Pregnant women with normal blood pressure, Group III: Preeclamptic (pretreatment), women Preeclamptic women were subdivided into Group IIIA: Pre eclamptic women supplemented with Vitamin E (n=20), Group IIIB: Preeclamptic women supplemented with Omega 3 Fatty Acid, Group IIIC: Preeclamptic women supplemented with Vitamin E 400mg + Omega 3 Fatty Acid. Serum SOD, MDA, GPx, GSH levels were measured in all groups and compared with pre treatment and post treatments results by using the one way ANOVA followed by the Tukey – HSD procedure. Our results showed that supplementation of Vitamin E, Omega 3 fatty acid alone and in combination has significantly increased antioxidant enzyme status and significantly decreased oxidative stress when compared to unsupplemented patients(P< 0.001).

Oxidative Stress Parameters in Blood and Urine of Metal Shelf Production Factory Workers

Objectives: We have investigated the level of antioxidants (glutathione (GSH), GSH-reductase, GSH-peroxidase, GSHtransferase, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)), lipid peroxidation products (plasma, erythrocyte and urinary malondialdehyde (MDA)) and urinary DNA damage product 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-2’-dG) in metal-shelf factory workers and compared the levels to those of a control group working in a different work area.Methods: Twenty four workers working in a metal shelf production factory and sixteen apparently healthy male volunteers without environmental and work place exposure were included in the study. Blood and urine samples were examined for oxidative stress parameters. Measurement of 8-OH-2’-dG was by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), while other parameters were measured by colorimetric methods.Results: GSH-transferase, CAT, SOD activities and plasma, erythrocyte and urinary MDA levels of metal shelf production factory workers were higher than for the control group, whereas, GSH-peroxidase and GSH in workers were lower than for controls. Moreover, while GSH-reductase activity was lower, 8-OH-2’-dG level was higher than the control group but the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusion: As a result of increased industrialization, air pollution and hazardous working conditions there is a deterioration of the balance between oxidant and antioxidant levels which affects the structure of macromolecules such as DNA, lipids and proteins