Malignant Tumor In Women Research Articles

(Nano)platforms in breast cancer therapy: Drug/gene delivery, advanced nanocarriers and immunotherapy.

Breast cancer is the most malignant tumor in women, and there is no absolute cure for it. Although treatment modalities including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are utilized for breast cancer, it is still a life-threatening disease for humans. Nanomedicine has provided a new opportunity in breast cancer treatment, which is the focus of the current study. The nanocarriers deliver chemotherapeutic agents and natural products, both of which increase cytotoxicity against breast tumor cells and prevent the development of drug resistance. The efficacy of gene therapy is boosted by nanoparticles and the delivery of CRISPR/Cas9, Noncoding RNAs, and RNAi, promoting their potential for gene expression regulation. The drug and gene codelivery by nanoparticles can exert a synergistic impact on breast tumors and enhance cellular uptake via endocytosis. Nanostructures are able to induce photothermal and photodynamic therapy for breast tumor ablation via cell death induction. The nanoparticles can provide tumor microenvironment remodeling and repolarization of macrophages for antitumor immunity. The stimuli-responsive nanocarriers, including pH-, redox-, and light-sensitive, can mediate targeted suppression of breast tumors. Besides, nanoparticles can provide a diagnosis of breast cancer and detect biomarkers. Various kinds of nanoparticles have been employed for breast cancer therapy, including carbon-, lipid-, polymeric- and metal-based nanostructures, which are different in terms of biocompatibility and delivery efficiency.

A Novel circ_0104345/miR-876-3p/ZBTB20 Axis Regulates the Proliferation, Migration, Invasion, and Apoptosis of Breast Cancer Cells.

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in women. CircRNA/miRNA/mRNA regulatory axes have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of BC. Here, we sought to analyze the functional mechanism of circ_0104345 in BC. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect the levels of circ_0104345, miR-876-3p and zinc finger and BTB domain containing 20 (ZBTB20) mRNA. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays were used to test cell viability and proliferation, respectively. Cell migration was tested by wound healing assay, and cell invasion was examined by transwell assay. Tube formation ability was tested by angiogenesis assay. Flow cytometry was applied for cell apoptosis. Western blot assay was utilized to measure the protein expression. The relationship between miR-876-3p and circ_0104345 or ZBTB20 was identified by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Xenografts in mice were conducted to analyze the effect of sh-circ_0104345 on tumor growth in vivo. Circ_0104345 and ZBTB20 were upregulated and miR-876-3p expression was decreased in BC. Circ_0104345 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and enhanced cell apoptosis. MiR-876-3p was targeted by circ_0104345. MiR-876-3p depletion reversed the effects of circ_0104345 downregulation on the progression of BC cells. ZBTB20 was regulated by circ_0104345 through miR-876-3p. The effects of miR-876-3p on BC cell behaviors were restored by ZBTB20 increase. The results of in vivo experiments indicated that silencing of circ_0104345 blocked the growth of xenograft tumors. In this study, we demonstrated, for the first time, the crucial regulation of the new circ_0104345/miR-876-3p/ZBTB20 axis in the biological phenotypes of BC cells.

Ferroptosis-related genes in cervical cancer as biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of gynecological tumors.

Background: Ferroptosis has been identified as a potent predictor of cancer prognosis. Currently, cervical cancer ranks among the most prevalent malignant tumors in women. Enhancing the prognosis for patients experiencing metastasis or recurrence is of critical importance. Consequently, investigating the potential of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) as prognostic biomarkers for cervical cancer patients is essential. Methods: In this study, 52 FRGs were obtained from the GSE9750, GSE7410, GSE63514, and FerrDb databases. Six genes possessing prognostic characteristics were identified: JUN, TSC22D3, SLC11A2, DDIT4, DUOX1, and HELLS. The multivariate Cox regression analysis was employed to establish and validate the prognostic model, while simultaneously performing a correlation analysis of the immune microenvironment. Results: The prediction model was validated using TCGA-CESC and GSE44001 datasets. Furthermore, the prognostic model was validated in endometrial cancer and ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma cases. KM curves revealed significant differences in OS between high-risk and low-risk groups. ROC curves demonstrated the stability and accuracy of the prognostic model established in this study. Concurrently, the research identified a higher proportion of immune cells in patients within the low-risk group. Additionally, the expression of immune checkpoints (TIGIT, CTLA4, BTLA, CD27, and CD28) was elevated in the low-risk group. Ultimately, 4 FRGs in cervical cancer were corroborated through qRT-PCR. Conclusion: The FRGs prognostic model for cervical cancer not only exhibits robust stability and accuracy in predicting the prognosis of cervical cancer patients but also demonstrates considerable prognostic value in other gynecological tumors.

Pencegahan Breast Cancer dan Cervical Cancer dengan Penggunaan Pembalut Sehat

Introduction: Breast cancer (carcinoma mammae) is a type of cancer that can affect both women and men, especially women. This breast cancer grows in the glands, fatty tissue, or connective tissue of the breast. One way to prevent breast cancer is to do breast self-examination (BSE). This behavior can be done by all women. Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor in women that attacks the female reproductive organs, namely the vaginal mucosa and the area around the cervix, commonly known as the lower part between the female reproductive organs and the uterus. Cervical cancer is caused by the HPV virus. One way to prevent cervical cancer is to use healthy pads. Objective: This health education will provide education on prevention of breast cancer with BSE behavior and cervical cancer by using healthy sanitary napkins for female students of SMPN 1 Cikoneng so that they understand and understand how to prevent these two diseases. Method: Counseling was carried out at one of the schools in Ciamis Regency, namely SMP Negeri 1 Cikoneng which was the main target of this counseling. The partners in this health consultation were 61 female students at SMP Negeri 1 Cikoneng. The method used is a quantitative method, seminars and interviews that begin with conducting a survey to explore the level of knowledge of the students about the prevention of breast cancer and cervical cancer. Then, preparing material to be delivered in powerpoint form and preparing questionnaires to be worked on by the students. Result: The results of the counseling survey involved 61 participants using interviews in the pre-test and questionnaires in the post-test. The researcher analyzed the completed questionnaires to determine the level of knowledge of students about preventing breast cancer and cervical cancer by using sanitary pads before and after health education activities. Conclusion: Health education Increase awareness of adolescents to pay more attention to sanitary pads during menstruation to avoid cervical cancer and to always perform BSE behavior every month on the 7th-10th from the first day of menstruation so that they know signs of breast cancer.

Ultrasensitive PEC cytosensor for breast cancer cells detection and inhibitor screening based on plum-branched CdS/Bi2S3 heterostructures

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women, which seriously threatens the life and health of patients. Therefore, facile and sensitive detection of human breast cancer cells is crucial for cancer diagnosis. In this work, plum-branched CdS/Bi2S3 heterostructures (CdS/Bi2S3 HSs) were synthesized under hydrothermal condition, whose photoelectrochemical (PEC) property and biocompatibility were scrutinously investigated. In parallel, a signal amplification strategy was designed based on immune recognition between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpressed on membrane of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and its aptamer. Integration of the above together, a highly sensitive PEC cytosensor was developed for analysis of target MDA-MB-231 cells, exhibiting a wider linear range of 1 × 102 ∼ 3 × 105 cells mL−1 with a limit of detection (LOD) down to 6 cells mL−1 (S/N = 3). Further, the biosensor was explored for anticancer drug (e.g., dacomitinib) screening by monitoring the variations in the PEC signals of the expressed EGFR upon drug stimulation. The obtained CdS/Bi2S3 HSs are identified as promising and feasible photoactive material for determination of cancer cells and drug screening in clinic and related research.

Morphological features of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation and its effect on tumor progression of breast cancer

Introduction. Breast cancer is in the first place in the structure of morbidity among all malignant neoplasms in women. The prognosis of the disease depends on the tumor degree, including the presence of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT), the degree of invasion, the proliferative index, the preservation or absence of estrogen, progesterone, and epidermal growth factor receptors.Aim: To study the immunohistochemical and morphological characteristics of the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of breast cancer.Material and Methods. Immunohistochemical study with antibodies to AE1/AE3, HMW, CK18, Snail, HER2/neu, E-cadherin, Vimentin, α-SMA, CD34, Ki-67 and p63 was performed in 60 patients of different age with breast cancer. Native preparations were stained with picrofuchsin according to van Gieson Alcian blue. Inflammatory infiltrate cells were examined for antibodies CD45, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD68.Results. In ductal carcinoma, positive expression for estrogen and progesterone was found in 82.7% and 86.3%, respectively, the proliferation index ranged before 66,6%, and p-53 was positive in 97%. In lobular cancer, positive expression to estrogen and progesterone was observed in 83.4% and 66.6%, respectively, the index of proliferative activity at the level of 50%, and p-53 was positive in 66.6%. Positive moderate expression of HER-2/neu was determined in 47% of ductal and 50% of lobular cancers. Estrogen plays an important role in the development of invasive breast cancer, leads to tumor progression and contributes to EMT. EMT, in turn, leads to the expression of E-cadherin associated with a worse survival prognosis. EMT indirectly leads to the intensification of angiogenesis, and the presence of a large number of newly formed vessels increases the risk of metastasis. Histochemical methods were used to determine the growth of fibrous tissue around invasively growing cancer complexes. Cells located perifocally looked like fibrobla ts, immunohistochemically moderately expressed Vimentin and weakly expressed pancytokeratin, which proved the tumor nature of the cells and the acquisition of mesenchymal features by them. The inflammatory infiltrate along the periphery of the tumor growth consisted mainly of T- and B-lymphocytes, and around the cancer complexes - of B-lymphocytes and macrophages.Conclusion. The study of the immunohistochemical tumor phenotype will make it possible to prescribe adequate polychemotherapy and determine the prognosis of the course of the disease.

The value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis of BI-RADS-US 4a lesions less than 2 cm in diameter.

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women. Early diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumors is of great significance. To retrospectively analyze the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in the diagnosis of Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 4a breast lesions less than 2 cm in diameter. CEUS was performed for 143 breast masses less than 2 cm in diameter that were diagnosed as BI-RADS 4a by ultrasound and reclassified. Considering pathological diagnosis as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of reclassified lesions after CEUS for the diagnosis of benign and malignant masses were analyzed. BI-RADS 4a breast masses with a diameter less than 2 cm (n = 143) were confirmed by pathology; 103 and 40 were classified as benign and malignant, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of CEUS for the diagnosis were 90%, 86%, 72%, and 95%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of CEUS for the diagnosis of benign and malignant tumors after CEUS was 0.904. CEUS can help to improve the diagnostic accuracy of BI-RADS 4a masses with a diameter less than 2 cm.

Abstract 6003: Study of secondary epimutations in cis of the promoter in germline tumor suppressor genes as a cause of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer

Abstract Cancer is a multifactorial and highly heterogeneous disease. Breast cancer (BC) is the main malignant neoplasm in women and has the highest incidence and mortality rates worldwide. About 10% of all BC cases are hereditary and its most common form is Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome (HBOC).In a study conducted by our research group in a cohort of 300 Mexican women with HBOC using a panel of 143 genes of susceptibility to different types of cancer (Quezada-Urban et al., 2018), we found that 74% of patients were negative for variants in the coding regions and only 15% of patients had at least one pathogenic variant in 18 different genes. In several types of hereditary cancer syndromes, it has been shown that germline genetic alterations such as single nucleotide variations, and indels in cis of the promoter region of tumor suppressor genes modify the methylation pattern and cause epigenetic silencing and the concomitant somatic loss of heterozygosity. These events are known as secondary cis epimutations and represent an alternative mechanism of molecular pathogenesis in patients with hereditary cancer syndromes. In this work we are investigating in germline gDNA the methylation profile in the promoter region of 18 tumor suppressor genes in 231 patients negative for pathogenic variants and 156 matched controls by using direct bisulfite massive parallel sequencing. So far, we have extracted gDNA and treated with sodium bisulfite from all patient and control samples. From the converted gDNA, we amplified the promoter region of the 18 study genes by PCR (9,675 endpoint PCR products). We have prepared a total of 387 genomic libraries from which we perform massive sequencing and bioinformatic analysis of 229 patients, 74 controls and 2 positive controls. Currently, we have found 4 patients with promoter hypermethylation in the RAD51C, POLH, EPCAM, and BRCA1 genes that can be generated by a secondary cis epimutation. We have found statistically significant differences in the methylation levels of the promoter regions of the BRCA1/2, PMS2, FANCI, MLH1, PALB2, POLH, ERCC3, ATM, MSH2, BRIP1, and EPCAM genes in patients compared with controls. This result suggests that low level basal methylation marks could be potential biomarkers of HBOC pathogenesis. Interestingly, our studies indicate that hypermethylation at the promoter of MSH2, PALB2, BRIP1, and EPCAM are associated with HBOC risk, and that specific hypermethylation at the CpG sites of MSH2 and PALB2 (cg47630224 and cg23652916, respectively), could be potential biomarkers in HBOC risk. Lastly, according to preliminary in silico results, the co-occurrence of site-specific hypermethylation in MSH2 and PALB2 is possibly due to the absence of interaction of the common transcription factor SP4 in a GC-box site. These findings expand our vision of the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of susceptibility to this disease. Citation Format: Miguel Ruiz De La Cruz, Héctor Martínez Gregorio, Clara Estela Díaz Velásquez, Aldo Hugo De La Cruz Montoya, Fidel de la Cruz Hernández-Hernández, Felipe Vaca Paniagua. Study of secondary epimutations in cis of the promoter in germline tumor suppressor genes as a cause of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 6003.

Genetic Analysis of Multiple Primary Malignant Tumors in Women with Breast and Ovarian Cancer.

Familial cancer syndromes, which are commonly caused by germline mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, are generally considered to be the cause of primary multiple malignant neoplasias (PMMNs). Using targeted genomic sequencing, we screened for eight germline mutations: BRCA1 185delAG, BRCA1 T300G, BRCA1 2080delA, BRCA1 4153delA, BRCA1 5382insC, BRCA2 6174delT, CHEK2 1100delC, and BLM C1642T, which provoke the majority of cases of hereditary breast and ovary cancer syndrome (HBOC), in genomic (blood) DNA from 60 women with PMMNs, including breast (BC) and/or ovarian cancer(s) (OC). Pathogenic allelic forms were discovered in nine samples: in seven instances, it was BRCA1 5382insC, and in the following two, BRCA1 4153delA and BRCA1 T300G. The age of onset in these patients (46.8 years) was younger than in the general Russian population (61.0) for BC but was not for OC: 58.3 and 59.4, correspondingly. There were invasive breast carcinomas of no special type and invasive serous ovarian carcinomas in all cases. Two or more tumors of HBOC-spectrum were only in five out of nine families of mutation carriers. Nevertheless, every mutation carrier has relatives who have developed malignant tumors.

The morbidity of visual malignant neoplasms forms of the genital organs in the female population of Chernihiv region: late stages and diagnosis during preventive examination

The social economic and medical demographic significance of malignant neoplasms in women is determined by the high morbidity and mortality rates of the female population of working and reproductive periods. Visual forms of malignant neoplasms in women, which are diagnosed in the early stages, can be treated effectively.The objective: to determine and analyze the indicators of diagnosis of visual malignant neoplasms forms of the genital organs in late stages and during preventive examinations in women of Chernihiv region in the dynamics of five years.Materials and methods. The official statistical data for 2017–2021 of administrative territories of Chernihiv region and Ukraine were used. The medical-statistical method and the method of structural logical analysis were used.Results. It was established that the rate of female malignant breast neoplasms which were diagnosed in late stages during 2017-2021 has a tendency to decrease (24.9-23.9 %), while the frequency of malignant neoplasms of the cervix that were detected in late stages, has an upward trend (43.6–43.8 %). At the same time, only 29.0 % of breast malignant neoplasms and 19.1 % of malignant neoplasms of the cervix were diagnosed during preventive examinations in 2021.The rate of malignant neoplasms diagnosis of the above locations during preventive examinations in the study years (2017–2021) decreased. All the indicated indicators have significant differences in the administrative territories of the region.Conclusions. In Chernihiv region of Ukraine in 2017–2021, a high level of diagnosis of visual malignant neoplasms forms of the genital organs in late stages and a low level of detection of malignant neoplasms during preventive examinations were established, which requires improvement of preventive measures both at the regional level and at the level of administrative territory

Cervical cancer incidence and mortality in the Republic of Bashkortostan: The role of human papillomavirus in the development of cervical cancer

BACKGROUND: Malignant neoplasms (MNs) have been the most urgent problem in medicine worldwide for more than a decade. The steady increase in morbidity and mortality from oncological diseases has led to socio-demographic problems and high economic costs.
 AIM: This study aimed to assess the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer (CC) in the Republic of Bashkortostan over a 6-year period.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted from 2015 to 2020 according to the reporting form Information on malignant neoplasms. The data were evaluated based on the analysis of statistical data on morbidity and mortality from MNs in the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Russian Federation. Cartography was conducted using the R software, ggplot2 package. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 10 program. Standardized indicators were used to analyze morbidity and mortality.
 RESULTS: In the Russian Federation, 299,967 newly diagnosed MN cases in women were recorded in 2020. The most significant cause of oncological morbidity in women is MNs of the reproductive system (38.8%), where tumors of the genital organs account for 17.6% of all MNs in women. The standardized incidence rate of cervical cancer in 2020 was 13.67 per 100,000 population in the Russian Federation, and 10.9 per 100,000 population in the Republic of Bashkortostan.
 CONCLUSIONS: The process of CC development is quite long, and it should be diagnosed and treated at the dysplastic stage. The necessity of introducing HPV testing into widespread practice for the rapid screening of CC is obvious. Moreover, the primary prevention of CC by vaccination against the human papillomavirus of high carcinogenic risk is also important.

LncRNA MIR17HG Suppresses Breast Cancer Proliferation and Migration as ceRNA to Target FAM135A by Sponging miR-454-3p

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women, and causes a large number of cancer-related deaths. The main cause of death of breast cancer patients is tumor recurrence and metastasis. Recent studies show that lncRNA (Long non-coding RNA) plays an important role in breast cancer. However, the overall biological activity and clinical consequences of the lncRNA MIR17HG in breast cancer remain unclear. Thus, we investigate how the MIR17HG/miR-454-3p network impacts breast cancer cell proliferation and migration. Given the TCGA and Oncomine databases, the researchers evaluated variations in MIR17HG expression for the survival rates of breast cancer patients. The influence of MIR17HG on cell proliferation, migration, cell cycle, and the mRNA expression level of miR-454-3p and FAM135A (family with sequence similarity 135 member A) is identified. Luciferase assay was used to detect the regulatory effect of miR-454-3p on the 3′UTR region of FAM135A, and rescue experiments demonstrated that MIR17HG can up-regulate FAM135A expression by competitively binding miR-454-3p. The effect of FAM135A on the cloning and invasion of MCF-7 cells was detected. MIR17HG expression is reduced in breast cancer tissues, and patients with greater levels of MIR17HG expression have a better prognosis. MIR17HG overexpression caused G2/M arrest in breast cancer cells according to a flow cytometry assay. FAM135A knockdown enhances breast cancer cell proliferation and clone creation, as well as two-dimensional and three-dimensional migratory capacities. Patients with high FAM135A expression in their breast cancer had a better prognosis. These novel findings indicate that MIR17HG may be a potential target for breast cancer. Our findings demonstrated that MIR17HG might suppress breast cancer cell proliferation and migration by sponge miR-454-3p through ceRNA(competing endogenous RNAs) mechanism, indicating that targeting MIR17HG may be a feasible therapeutic candidate for breast cancer.Graphical

Construction of a fatty acid metabolism-related gene signature for predicting prognosis and immune response in breast cancer.

Background: Breast cancer has the highest incidence among malignant tumors in women, and its prevalence ranks first in global cancer morbidity. Aim: This study aimed to explore the feasibility of a prognostic model for patients with breast cancer based on the differential expression of genes related to fatty acid metabolism. Methods: The mRNA expression matrix of breast cancer and paracancer tissues was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The differentially expressed genes related to fatty acid metabolism were screened in R language. The TRRUST database was used to predict transcriptional regulators related to hub genes and construct an mRNA-transcription factor interaction network. A consensus clustering approach was used to identify different fatty acid regulatory patterns. In combination with patient survival data, Lasso and multivariate Cox proportional risk regression models were used to establish polygenic prognostic models based on fatty acid metabolism. The median risk score was used to categorize patients into high- and low-risk groups. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to analyze the survival differences between both groups. The Cox regression analysis included risk score and clinicopathological factors to determine whether risk score was an independent risk factor. Models based on genes associated with fatty acid metabolism were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves. A comparison was made between risk score levels and the fatty acid metabolism-associated genes in different subtypes of breast cancer. The differential gene sets of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes for screening high- and low-risk populations were compared using a gene set enrichment analysis. Furthermore, we utilized CIBERSORT to examine the abundance of immune cells in breast cancer in different clustering models. Results: High expression levels of ALDH1A1 and UBE2L6 prevented breast cancer, whereas high RDH16 expression levels increased its risk. Our comprehensive assessment of the association between prognostic risk scoring models and tumor microenvironment characteristics showed significant differences in the abundance of various immune cells between high- and low-risk breast cancer patients. Conclusions: By assessing fatty acid metabolism patterns, we gained a better understanding of the infiltration characteristics of the tumor microenvironment. Our findings are valuable for prognosis prediction and treatment of patients with breast cancer based on their clinicopathological characteristics.

NRF2 signaling pathway: A comprehensive prognostic and gene expression profile analysis in breast cancer.

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignant tumor in women and a major public health concern. NRF2 axis is a cellular protector signaling pathway protecting both normal and cancer cells from oxidative damage. NRF2 is a transcription factor that binds to the gene promoters containing antioxidant response element-like sequences. In this report, differential expression of NRF2 signaling pathway elements, as well as the correlation of NRF2 pathway mRNAs with various clinicopathologic characteristics, including molecular subtypes, tumor grade, tumor stage, and methylation status, has been investigated in breast cancer using METABRIC and TCGA datasets. In the current report, our findings revealed the deregulation of several NRF2 signaling elements in breast cancer patients. Moreover, there were negative correlations between the methylation of NRF2 genes and mRNA expression. The expression of NRF2 genes significantly varied between different breast cancer subtypes. In conclusion, substantial deregulation of NRF2 signaling components suggests an important role of these genes in breast cancer. Because of the clear associations between mRNA expression and methylation status, DNA methylation could be one of the mechanisms that regulate the NRF2 pathway in breast cancer. Differential expression of Hippo genes among various breast cancer molecular subtypes suggests that NRF2 signaling may function differently in different subtypes of breast cancer. Our data also highlights an interesting link between NRF2 components' transcription and tumor grade/stage in breast cancer.

Effectiveness of a Nursing Intervention Based on Acceptance Commitment Therapy on Stress, Marital adjustment, Sleep quality, and Fatigue among Patients with Breast Cancer

The most common kind of cancer among Egyptian women is breast cancer. Most patients presentat a late stage with subsequent poor outcomes. It ranks as the second-most common malignanttumor in women and the most common cause of cancer-related death. Aim: to evaluateeffectiveness of a nursing intervention based on acceptance commitment therapy on stress, maritaladjustment, sleep quality, and fatigue among patients with breast cancer. Design: Aquasi-experimental design was utilized. Setting: The study was conducted at the Menoufia UniversityHospital's oncology outpatient clinic in Egypt's Menoufia Governorate. Sample: Sixty adult breastcancer patients were selected by purposive sample. Tools: Four tools used; (1) Depression,Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS); stress self-reported subscale(2) Marital adjustment Scale(3)Pittsburg sleep quality index(4) Piper Fatigue Scale. Result: shown that after two months ofintervention, When compared to prior intervention, there was a highly significant difference (p =0.00) between the study and control groups in terms of the total mean score for fatigue, stress,sleep quality, and marital adjustment. When compared to the control group, there was a highlystatistically significant negative correlation between the study group's marital adjustment and theiroverall scores for fatigue, stress, and sleep quality (high scores indicate poor sleepquality).Conclusion: Acceptance commitment therapy-based nursing intervention improvesstress, marital adjustment, quality of sleep, and fatigue in breast cancer patients.Recommendation: - Acceptance commitment therapy should be the foundation of non-pharmacological cancer treatment for many malignancie

Performance of IOTA Simple Rules Risks, ADNEX Model, Subjective Assessment Compared to CA125 and HE4 with ROMA Algorithm in Discriminating between Benign, Borderline and Stage I Malignant Adnexal Lesions.

Borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) and early clinical stage malignant adnexal masses can make sonographic diagnosis challenging, while the clinical utility of tumor markers, e.g., CA125 and HE4, or the ROMA algorithm, remains controversial in such cases. To compare the IOTA group Simple Rules Risk (SRR), the ADNEX model and the subjective assessment (SA) with serum CA125, HE4 and the ROMA algorithm in the preoperative discrimination between benign tumors, BOTs and stage I malignant ovarian lesions (MOLs). A multicenter retrospective study was conducted with lesions classified prospectively using subjective assessment and tumor markers with the ROMA. The SRR assessment and ADNEX risk estimation were applied retrospectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR-) were calculated for all tests. In total, 108 patients (the median age: 48 yrs, 44 postmenopausal) with 62 (79.6%) benign masses, 26 (24.1%) BOTs and 20 (18.5%) stage I MOLs were included. When comparing benign masses with combined BOTs and stage I MOLs, SA correctly identified 76% of benign masses, 69% of BOTs and 80% of stage I MOLs. Significant differences were found for the presence and size of the largest solid component (p = 0.0006), the number of papillary projections (p = 0.01), papillation contour (p = 0.008) and IOTA color score (p = 0.0009). The SRR and ADNEX models were characterized by the highest sensitivity (80% and 70%, respectively), whereas the highest specificity was found for SA (94%). The corresponding likelihood ratios were as follows: LR+ = 3.59 and LR- = 0.43 for the ADNEX; LR+ = 6.40 and LR- = 0.63 for SA and LR+ = 1.85 with LR- = 0.35 for the SRR. The sensitivity and specificity of the ROMA test were 50% and 85%, respectively, with LR+ = 3.44 and LR- = 0.58. Of all the tests, the ADNEX model had the highest diagnostic accuracy of 76%. This study demonstrates the limited value of diagnostics based on CA125 and HE4 serum tumor markers and the ROMA algorithm as independent modalities for the detection of BOTs and early stage adnexal malignant tumors in women. SA and IOTA methods based on ultrasound examination may present superior value over tumor marker assessment.

Glyoxal-induced disruption of tumor cell progression in breast cancer.

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women and remains a major global challenge, with ~1.4 million cases per year, worldwide. Numerous studies have shown that changes in cell metabolism are associated with the regulation of tumor progression. In the present study, the anti-cancer properties of glyoxal (GO), which is the smallest dialdehyde formed in the oxidation-reduction reaction and involved in electron transfer and energy metabolism, in breast cancer was investigated. The biological functions and molecular mechanisms of GO were investigated in breast cancer cell lines using MTT and crystal violet assays, flow cytometry, western blot analysis, 3D laser scanning confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that GO strongly inhibited cell proliferation, promoted cell apoptosis and cell cycle G2/M arrest, induced the disappearance of cellular microvilli, and enlarged mitochondria. In addition, the protein expression level of AKT, mTOR and p70-S6K decreased in the AKT-mTOR pathway, accompanied by an increase in p-ERK and p-MEK in the MAPK pathway. The results from the present study indicate that GO suppressed breast cancer progression via the MAPK and AKT-mTOR pathways. Taken together, these results provide the basis for a potential therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.

THE PROGNOSTIC INDICATOR OF TUMOR INFILTRATING LYMPHOCYTES IN BREAST CARCINOMA

Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in women. The use of biomarkers ensures breast cancer patients receive optimal treatment. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are emerging as one of the key prognostic markers of breast cancer. Our study aims to evaluate percentage of TILs in Objectives And Methodology: tumor tissue, grading TILs based on the recommendations by an International TIL Working Group 2014 & compare with ER & PR status and in relation to concentration of TILs we assess prognosis of breast carcinoma for a period of 6 months. Results: Among 30 study subjects, TILs were of intermediate, high & lower grade in 53.3%, 40% and 6.7% cases respectively. TILs expression was statistically significant in both ER and PR, positive & negative groups (p<0.05). TILs were statistically highly significant as a prognostic marker in hormone negative breast cancers (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our study concludes that high TILs are correlated with favourable survival and response to treatment in breast cancer patients with ER, PR negative molecular subtype

Role of detection of mutations in the <i>BRСA1,2</i>, <i>CHEK2</i>, <i>PALB2</i> genes in diagnosis of oncological diseases and determination of the therapy strategy

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant neoplasm in women in the Russian Federation. Today, biological markers that characterize the individual characteristics of the tumor, such as the tendency to metastasize, hormonal sensitivity, are of great importance for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with breast cancer. Among the genes associated with hereditary breast cancer, there are genes with high penetrance (BRCA1, BRCA2, MLH1, MSH2, STK11, PTEN, TP53 and APC) and genes with moderate penetrance (CHEK2, ATM and PALB2). All of the listed above genes are responsible for DNA repair by homologous recombination, and they represent a group of HRR genes (homologous recombination-related genes). Mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes can also initiate cancer of the ovaries, pancreas, and prostate. Understanding of the molecular and genetic nature of an oncological disease allows applying targeted drugs to therapy of a disease.

PATTERNS OF ADJUVANT TREATMENT FOR ENDOMETRIAL CANCER : THE EXPERIENCE OF A SINGLE INSTITUTION IN MOROCCO

Endometrial cancer is the fourth most common malignant tumor in women in developed countries, and in Morocco it represents the third most common gynecological cancer. It primarily affects postmenopausal women. Our study is a retrospective descriptive study conducted from 01/01/2014 to 01/01/2018 at the radiation therapy department of the National Institute of Oncology in Rabat. Data were collected from medical records and included epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and prognostic aspects of this cancer. The median age at diagnosis was 61 years. The median delay to consultation was 6 months. The histological diagnosis was made by endometrial biopsy in 52.3% of cases. Pathological examination revealed endometrioid adenocarcinoma in 91% of cases. 32 patients received adjuvant treatment consisting of external radiotherapy at a dose of 46 Gy in 23 fractions, followed by vaginal brachytherapy (37%), of which 6 of these patients also received sequential chemotherapy (7.1%). 21 patients were treated with brachytherapy alone (25%), 11 patients with external radiotherapy alone (13%), and 21 patients with concurrent radiochemotherapy (25%). The treatment interval between diagnosis and surgery was 42 days. In our series, the overall 5-year survival rate was 93.6% for all stages combined.