Malignant Neoplasm Of Epithelial Origin Research Articles

Relationship between cluster miR-143/145 micro-RNAs with oncogenesis: tissue and cellular context

The purpose of the study was to present up-to-date data on the regulation of expression, function in normal tissues and multidirectional activity in the oncogenesis of miR-143/145 microRNAs cluster, as well as to evaluate the possibilities and limitations of the therapeutic use of microRNAs of this cluster in malignant neoplasms. Material and methods. The search for available domestic and foreign literary sources published in PubMed and RSCI databases over the past 10 years has been carried out. 427 articles were found, of which 41 were included in this review. Results. The conservative cluster miR-143/145 is one of the most intensively studied in tumors. Based on the results of the analysis of differential miRNA expression, in vitro experiments in cancer cell lines and in vivo in mouse tumor models, a decrease in miR-143 and miR-145 levels was shown in malignant neoplasms of epithelial origin. Until recently, these miRNAs were considered classical oncosuppressors. The data presented in the review demonstrate that the results of a number of studies taking into account the cellular aspects of microRNA expression contradict this concept. miR-143 microRNA, for example, is known to participate in the metabolic restructuring of the tumor and the activation of neoangiogenesis. It has been shown that the oncosuppressive or pro-oncogenic activity of miR-143 and miR-145 depend on the tissue and cellular context and can be explained by the presence of several regulated targets that have opposite effects on oncogenesis. Taken together, the data obtained suggest the need to exercise caution when choosing the microRNAs of the described cluster for exogenous therapeutic delivery. Conclusion. Further detailed decoding of the mechanisms of miR-143 and miR-145 functioning in various types of tissues and cells, as well as identification of new MRNA targets are necessary for a better understanding of the involvement of these molecules in oncogenesis.

PRIMARY INTRAOSEOUS CARCINOMA - CASE REPORT

A 65-year-old patient, melanoderma, smoker since 10 years old, came to the oral and maxillofacial service complaining of pain in the jaw on the right side for one year. The intraoral physical examination revealed an ulcerated, leukoplasic and erythematous lesion in the region of the right posterior alveolar ridge. Imaging exams showed a radiolucent, unilocular lesion, with a well-circumscribed, radiopaque halo in the posterior mandibular region on the right side. Hematological examination was requested and an incisional biopsy was performed. The histopathology revealed a fragment of malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin characterized by the proliferation of tumor cells arranged in islands growing inside the connective tissue and a fragment of a cystic lesion of odontogenic origin characterized by the presence of a pathological cavity lined by stratified epithelium, with a consistent diagnosis of primary intraosseous carcinoma. The patient was referred to the oncology service. A 65-year-old patient, melanoderma, smoker since 10 years old, came to the oral and maxillofacial service complaining of pain in the jaw on the right side for one year. The intraoral physical examination revealed an ulcerated, leukoplasic and erythematous lesion in the region of the right posterior alveolar ridge. Imaging exams showed a radiolucent, unilocular lesion, with a well-circumscribed, radiopaque halo in the posterior mandibular region on the right side. Hematological examination was requested and an incisional biopsy was performed. The histopathology revealed a fragment of malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin characterized by the proliferation of tumor cells arranged in islands growing inside the connective tissue and a fragment of a cystic lesion of odontogenic origin characterized by the presence of a pathological cavity lined by stratified epithelium, with a consistent diagnosis of primary intraosseous carcinoma. The patient was referred to the oncology service.

METASTATIC NEOPLASM IN INSERTED GINGIVA AFTER ANTINEOPLASTIC SURGICAL TREATMENT OF BREAST CARCINOMA: A CASE REPORT

A 66-year-old female patient presented with an oral lesion with a 6-month evolution that she associated with a poorly adapted prosthesis. Medical history revealed systemic arterial hypertension and surgical oncological treatment (mastectomy 1½ years ago). Intraoral examination showed the presence of a sessile, fibrous, and erythematous nodule containing an ulcerated area and measuring 5 cm located in inserted gingiva of the lower left alveolar ridge. Superficial erosion represented by a noncorticated radiolucent area was also observed. Histological features of incisional biopsy samples showed malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin composed of cells with clear or eosinophilic cytoplasm, presenting pleomorphism, with rare tubular structures and vascular invasion, supported by scarce stroma. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed intense and diffuse positivity for GATA3 and estrogen and progesterone receptors and negativity for CK7, CK20, P40, and BREAST-1. Microscopic features were consistent with the diagnosis of metastatic breast carcinoma. The patient was referred for oncologic treatment.

Expression of immunoglobulins in human epithelial tumors and their potential role in carcinogenesis

The traditional view of immunoglobulin (Ig) production only by B-lymphocytes and plasma cells has been revisited. Non-lymphoid tumor cells can also synthesize and secrete Ig with unidentified specificity. Expression of Ig genes was detected in the cells of malignant neoplasms of epithelial origin, such as breast carcinoma, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, as well as in epithelial tumor cell lines. mRNA of the IgG1 heavy (H) chain constant region, sterile Iɣ-Cɣ transcript, H and light (L) chains of IgG, V(D)J recombination of H and L chain gene segments, as well as RAG1 (recombination-activating gene 1) and RAG2 enzymes, which are required for V(D)J recombination, were found in cancer cell lines and resected carcinoma tissues. IgG produced by cancer cells can be involved in the invasion and metastasis of these cells through interaction with E-cadherin, as well as with the metastasis-associated protein MTA1. Tumor-derived IgG plays an important role in malignant progression via activation of platelets by interacting with their FcγRIIa receptors and inducing the production of low levels of reactive oxygen species. The level of IgG in malignant neoplasms is positively correlated with proliferation markers, stage of progression, growth and survival of the tumor. These data modernize the current views on the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and create the basis for the search for new diagnostic and prognostic markers in malignant neoplasms, as well as methods of their target therapy. Further in-depth studies of the phenomenon of Ig production by tumor cells will contribute to more effective practical application of the accumulated knowledge in this field.

Endothelial DLC1 is dispensable for liver and kidney function in mice

DLC1 is a focal adhesion molecule that regulates cell polarity, proliferation, migration, and survival. DLC1 functions as a tumor suppressor and its expression is often down-regulated in various malignant neoplasms of epithelial origin. Recent studies have suggested that lack of DLC1 in endothelial cells may contribute to the development of angiosarcoma, and that DLC1 mutations have been identified in patients with nephrotic syndrome, a disease mainly due to leaky glomerular filtration barriers. To demonstrate whether lack of endothelial DLC1 induces angiosarcoma and/or damages glomerular capillaries leading to nephrotic syndrome, we have extended our analyses on endothelial cell-specific DLC1 knockout mice with focuses on their liver and kidney function. Mice were monitored up to 24 months of age. However, no histological or clinical difference was found between DLC1 knockout and wild type mice, indicating that lack of endothelial DLC1 alone does not compromise kidney and liver function in mice.

PRIMARY INTRAOSSEOUS SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE MANDIBLE: A RARE CASE REPORT

The primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma (PISCC) is a rare malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin that affects the jaw bone interior without affecting the oral mucosa in a primary way. A 66-year-old male patient presented an intraoral volume increase, with coloring similar to the mucosa, hardened consistency, and painful symptoms located in the mandibular body left side. The radiographic examination showed a unilocular radiolucent image with poorly defined limits associated with the mandibular fracture. An incisional biopsy was performed, and the histopathologic examination demonstrated a malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin characterized by the proliferation of pleomorphic cells organized in sheets, nests, and cords and were also dispersed in a fibrous connective tissue stroma. Malignant neoplasms were discarded in other sites, and the diagnosis of PISCC was established. The patient underwent complete surgical resection of the lesion and is currently being followed up after 6 months without clinical-radiographic signs of relapse. The primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma (PISCC) is a rare malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin that affects the jaw bone interior without affecting the oral mucosa in a primary way. A 66-year-old male patient presented an intraoral volume increase, with coloring similar to the mucosa, hardened consistency, and painful symptoms located in the mandibular body left side. The radiographic examination showed a unilocular radiolucent image with poorly defined limits associated with the mandibular fracture. An incisional biopsy was performed, and the histopathologic examination demonstrated a malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin characterized by the proliferation of pleomorphic cells organized in sheets, nests, and cords and were also dispersed in a fibrous connective tissue stroma. Malignant neoplasms were discarded in other sites, and the diagnosis of PISCC was established. The patient underwent complete surgical resection of the lesion and is currently being followed up after 6 months without clinical-radiographic signs of relapse.

VERRUCOUS CARCINOMA, A VARIATION OF SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA: A CASE REPORT WITHOUT RELATION TO CARCINOGENIC FACTORS

Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant neoplasia, which emerges from keratinocytes more often related to advanced age, smoke and drink habits. It presents several clinical-histopathological variants that include verrucous carcinoma (VC). The objective of this work is to report a case of a female, 31-year-old, leukoderma, non-smoker and non-drinker, with the chief complaint of a wound in her mouth. Extraoral examination no alterations were observed. Intraoral inspection revealed a single reddish ulcerated lesion with white borders with sharp edges, located in the right side of buccal mucosa, with oval shape and verrucous surface, painless and without apparent infiltration. Clinical hypothesis diagnoses were VC and paracoccidioidomycosis. An incisional biopsy was performed, and the histopathological sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin showed a malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin with verrucous surface. This case highlights the importance of diagnosis of VC in a young non-smoker and non-drinker patient. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant neoplasia, which emerges from keratinocytes more often related to advanced age, smoke and drink habits. It presents several clinical-histopathological variants that include verrucous carcinoma (VC). The objective of this work is to report a case of a female, 31-year-old, leukoderma, non-smoker and non-drinker, with the chief complaint of a wound in her mouth. Extraoral examination no alterations were observed. Intraoral inspection revealed a single reddish ulcerated lesion with white borders with sharp edges, located in the right side of buccal mucosa, with oval shape and verrucous surface, painless and without apparent infiltration. Clinical hypothesis diagnoses were VC and paracoccidioidomycosis. An incisional biopsy was performed, and the histopathological sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin showed a malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin with verrucous surface. This case highlights the importance of diagnosis of VC in a young non-smoker and non-drinker patient.

POORLY DIFFERENTIATED SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA IN THE SUBMANDIBULAR SALIVARY GLAND REGION: AN UNCOMMON CASE REPORT

A 70-year-old male patient had complaints of pain in the right side of the face after tooth extraction with 7-month evolution. The extraoral physical examination revealed increase of volume in right submandibular region that was hardened and painful with negative aspiration. The clinical diagnosis of chronic inflammatory process or dermoid cyst were established, and an incisional biopsy was performed, which revealed malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin evidenced by positive stain for antibodies AE1/AE3, CK7, high-molecular-weight CK, p40, and negative for thyroid transcription factor (TTF)–1e gross cystic disease fluid protein (GCDFP)–15. Afterward, the patient was referred to the oncology service in which surgical removal and cervical emptying were performed, showing lymph node metastasis and perineural and angiolymphatic invasion, invading the dermis without continuity of salivary gland tissue with the lesion. There was no previous history of other carcinomas, and final diagnosis was poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. The patient is still on regular follow-up at an interval of 2 months.

Parotid gland adenocarcinoma in a cow: case report

ABSTRACT A 9-year-old Girolando dairy cow, weighing 400kg, with a history of increased volume in the right parotid region, which extended to the submandibular region, was assisted. Fine needle aspiration cytology was performed, and the cytological findings were consistent with malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin (carcinoma). Because of the unfavorable prognosis, the animal was euthanized and submitted to an anatomopathological examination. Samples of the increased parotid and affected lymph nodes were collected for histopathological evaluation. The microscopic changes were accentuated features of anaplasia, moderate cell proliferation, atypical mitotic figures, and necrosis. Stroma ranged from delicate to scirrhous, and the tumor boundaries were not distinct. These findings substantiated the preliminary histomorphological diagnosis of undifferentiated carcinoma with metastasis in lymph nodes. Immunohistochemical tests were performed with anti-CK Pan (clone AE1AE3), anti-CK HMW (clone 34βE12), anti-CK19 (clone RCK108), anti-vimentin (clone V9), anti-S100 (polyclonal), and anti-androgen (polyclonal) antibodies. The immunophenotype favored the diagnosis of salivary gland adenocarcinoma. Despite the rareness in cattle, salivary gland adenocarcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of diseases that occur with increased volume in the head, lymphadenopathy, drooling, dysphagia, and progressive weight loss.

Диоксид плутония-239 в легких. Сообщение 2: Патология легких крыс, индуцированная интратрахеальным введением диоксида плутония-239

Purpose: The study of lung pathology induced by intratracheal injection of plutonium-239 dioxide and obtaining actual data on the dose-dependent profile of the remote consequences.
 Material and methods: The plutonium dioxide was introduced into nonlinear white male rats once intratracheally in the amount of 100 kBq/kg body weight. Experimental animals were observed during their whole life. Radiometric, histoautoradiographical, histological and statistical research methods were used. Indicators of lung pathology were inflammatory, sclerotic, precancerous and neoplastic changes in the lungs.
 Results: The calculation of absorbed doses in the lungs showed their variety from 1 to 400 Gr. The paper presents a quantitative analysis of remote lung pathology according to the groups with average absorbed doses from 7 to 306 Gy. The introduction of 239PuO2 significantly increased the frequency of sclerotic changes of the lungs compared with intact rats (11 and 46 % respectively). Tumors were found in the lungs of 20 % of intact rats and of 51 % of the rats that received 239PuO2. Malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin prevailed. They were formed in 9 % of the biological control rats and in 41 % of the rats, carriers of 239PuO2. The dependence of the frequency of pathological changes in the lungs from absorbed dose in the organ was revealed.
 Conclusion: A single intratracheal introduction of 239PuO2 has increased the frequency of pathological changes in the lungs of rats compared with intact animals. With the increase of the absorbed dose in the lungs the number of rats with pneumosclerosis, tumors of epithelial origin and multiple tumors has grown. Most indicative are adenocarcinoma and squamous-cell carcinomas. With the increasing of absorbed dose not only the frequency, but a spectrum of tumors varies. Dose response – probability of effect for each type of non-neoplastic and neoplastic pathology has its own character. For tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue, localized in the lungs, the opposite from tumors of epithelial origin, dependence of the frequency of their formation from the absorbed dose has been revealed.

Oral Carcinoma of Squamous Cells with Early Diagnosis: Case Report and Literature Review

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin in the oral cavity, usually affecting men over 40 years of age. The most frequent localization sites are the tongue and the floor of the mouth. The etiology is multifactorial being tobacco and alcohol the most important risk factors. The clinical presentation is variable and although it is preceded by visible changes in the oral mucosa, the diagnosis is usually made late. An early diagnosis is critically important to improve survival and treatment outcomes. Oral cancer screening is effective in reducing the mortality and morbidity of oral cancer. The purpose of this study was to present a case of OSCC and to highlight the importance of an early diagnosis using oral cancer screening, and the review of the relevant literature as for this pathology.

Oral Carcinoma of Squamous Cells with Early Diagnosis: Case Report and Literature Review

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin in the oral cavity, usually affecting men over 40 years of age. The most frequent localization sites are the tongue and the floor of the mouth. The etiology is multifactorial being tobacco and alcohol the most important risk factors. The clinical presentation is variable and although it is preceded by visible changes in the oral mucosa, the diagnosis is usually made late. An early diagnosis is critically important to improve survival and treatment outcomes. Oral cancer screening is effective in reducing the mortality and morbidity of oral cancer. The purpose of this study was to present a case of OSCC and to highlight the importance of an early diagnosis using oral cancer screening, and the review of the relevant literature as for this pathology.

Heterozygous deletions are main cause of expression alterations of PPM1M and PRICLE2 genes in human clear cell renal cell carcinomas

This work was partially supported by the project «Identification of molecular genetic markers for diagnostics of malignant neoplasms of epithelial origin», state registration N 0110U004744.

Occurrence of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Young Patient: Case Report

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an invasive malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin. Clinically, it may take different aspects in its early stages and show areas of leukoplakia, erythroplasia, erythroleukoplakia, or ulceration that do not heal. White man, 35, was referred to the dental clinic in a college in Northeastern Brazil with painful symptoms and an irregular ulcerated lesion present for 3 months. The incisional biopsy specimen was sent for anatomopathological analysis, which revealed fragments of malignant neoplasm, islands of neoplastic cells that had invaded and destroyed the connective tissue, nuclear and cell pleomorphism, atypical mitosis, and chronic inflammatory infiltrate.

Primary papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum

Primary papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum (PSCP) is a rare malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin seen only in women, and closely mimics serous ovarian papillary carcinoma except for the absence of ovarian involvement in PSCP on imaging. It is primarily a peritoneal disease with imaging findings simulated by other conditions that have a predominant peritoneal involvement.

Timoma em cão. Relato de caso

Uma cadela, Dachshund, quatro anos, foi encaminhada ao H.V. da FMVZ-UNESP-Botucatu-SP com historico de prostracao, emagrecimento progressivo, anorexia, cansaco e tosse seca. Ao exame clinico observou-se apatia, secrecao nasal serosa bilateral e dispneia intensa. Radiografia toracica demonstrou efusao pleural, edema pulmonar acentuado, desvio dorsal da traqueia e possivel massa mediastinal. A ultra-sonografia, apos drenagem toracica, confirmou a presenca de massa mediastinal, sendo classificada como neoplasia maligna de origem epitelial pela citologia aspirativa por agulha fina. O animal veio a obito logo apos o diagnostico de neoplasia. A necropsia constatou-se massa mediastinal encapsulada, consistencia macia e superficie de corte com coloracao branco-acinzentada e areas necrotico-hemorragicas, localizada na regiao ântero-ventral do torax. O exame histopatologico demonstrou celulas epiteliais neoplasicas, celulas linfoides (timocitos) com morfologia normal, vasos sanguineos de pequeno e medio calibre, formacoes cisticas com conteudo eosinofilico e corpusculos de Hassall. A imunohistoquimica apresentou positividade para citoqueratina AE1/AE3 e UCHL, confirmando o diagnostico de timoma.

Distribution of basal lamina type IV collagen and laminin in normal rat tongue mucosa and experimental oral carcinoma: Ultrastructural immunolocalisation and immunogold quantitation

The relationship of basal lamina, a form of specialised extracellular matrix which separates epithelial cells and other cell types from adjacent stroma, to the behaviour of malignant neoplasms of epithelial origin is not well understood. However, it is widely acknowledged that the properties of local invasion and metastasis of carcinomas are linked to extracellular matrix (including basal lamina) changes. In the present study, the distribution of the major basal lamina components, type IV collagen and laminin, in normal rat tongue mucosa and experimentally induced oral carcinomas was investigated using post-embedding immunogold techniques and electron microscopy. The expression of these components was also quantitatively analysed using morphometry and immunocytochemistry. Results indicated that type IV collagen and laminin were confined to the lamina densa of normal oral epithelial basal lamina, and that both components were also detected in the lamina densa of basal lamina associated with carcinomas, and in the extracellular matrix of tumours. Furthermore, laminin was detected within stromal fibroblasts in normal tissues and experimental carcinomas. Quantitative analysis indicated that expression of laminin was significantly increased in carcinomas. In contrast, type IV collagen expression was significantly decreased. The quantitative changes observed in the two basal lamina constituents may be related to the process of tumour invasion, reflecting altered metabolic activities of tumour and stromal cells. These observations may be of use in understanding the architectural characteristics of oral mucosa basal lamina and in assessing the malignant potential of epithelial dysplasias or "premalignant" lesions.

Metastatic involvement of the stomach secondary to breast carcinoma.

METASTATIC INVOLVEMENT OF THE STOMACH SECONDARY TO BREAST CARCINOMANORMAN JOFFE, M.D.Audio Available | Share

BRONCHIOGENIC CARCINOMA

Bronchiogenic carcinoma is so designated because of the widely accepted conviction that all primary pulmonary malignant neoplasms of epithelial origin arise from the bronchi or their accessory glands. Most introductory commentaries describe the investigator's interest as being aroused by his encountering an unusual number of cases of bronchiogenic carcinoma. Such experiences with this serious affliction, until recently regarded as extremely rare, have given impetus to numerous dissertations on the subject in many parts of the world. In like manner, the abrupt appearance of primary cancer of the lung (in 1926) in our autopsy services aroused our interest, and in 1931 we1analyzed the basic pathologic, clinical and radiologic characteristics in 16 cases. Shortly thereafter a visit to the different institutes of pathology in Europe elicited, on inquiry, the interesting fact that the percentage of bronchiogenic carcinoma observed at autopsy was increasing in all these institutes. The literature contains many

STUDIES IN THE BLOOD CYTOLOGY OF THE RABBIT

Successive blood counts at weekly intervals were made on rabbits inoculated with a transplantable malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin. There were 78 animals distributed in 9 groups; the period of observation after inoculation was 2 months. The results have been considered with respect to the character of the tumor process as determined by postmortem examination, the animals being classified as deaths, probable deaths, probable recoveries, and recoveries. The blood findings have been analyzed on the basis of the values derived from normal rabbits. A comparison has also been made with the results of preinoculation counts. In rabbits in which the tumor process was of pronounced or well marked severity, the numbers of monocytes became greatly increased; the neutrophiles and the total white blood cells were also increased; the eosinophiles, and to a less extent, the basophiles and lymphocytes were decreased; the red cell count was decreased and the hemoglobin content was lowered. In rabbits which recovered from the tumor inoculation, there were no outstanding changes in the blood picture when the findings for the entire observation period were considered. In the group of probable recoveries, the results were variable; there was, however, a definite although moderate increase of monocytes, and in general, the findings reflected the mildness of the disease when compared with those of the fatal cases and the group of probable deaths.