Trained Males Research Articles

Uncovering the pathways to e-learning success: A qualitative approach

This paper reports a qualitative study on the effectiveness of an e-learning framework (IPTEACES) for Insurance Broker Training Program Certifications, using a sample of 3,726 trainees from 16 different corporations from insurance and banking industries in Portugal. We’ve applied fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) technique, which offers improved results when compared to the use of quantitative traditional statistical methods (e.g. regressions, structural equations modeling) that only provide an estimated solution to the dependent variable at stake. Findings suggest higher training success levels are achieved by: older, more educated women trainees attending banking training events covering a large breadth (double course). Concerning lower training success results, evidence shows that those are achieved by: less educated male trainees, attending insurance training events covering a single course. These study results are consistent with previous reported work that followed a quantitative approach.

Working hours of United Kingdom psychiatric trainees: Findings from the BoSS study

IntroductionThe international burnout syndrome study (BoSS) examined burnout in psychiatry trainees and associated factors. Long working hours were significantly associated with burnout.AimsA high rate of severe burnout in UK psychiatric trainees (38%) was found in the BoSS study. This paper looks at the working hours of UK trainees.MethodsData collected during the BoSS study included information related to working hours, looking in particular at the working time directive rules. A total of 3964 UK psychiatric trainees were invited to take part, of which 1187 (30%) responded, and 811 (20%) provided complete responses for working hours questions.ResultsThe mean age was 33 years, with 49.1% males and equal gender distribution of participants and non-participants. The mean hours of contracted work per week were 42.7 (42.2–43.2) for men, versus 41.1 (40.4–42.0) for women. Actual hours worked were significantly higher at 46.2 (45.0–47.4) for men and 46.0 (44.9–47.1) for women. Forty-six percent of trainees breached one or more working time directive (WTD) safety limits.ConclusionActual hours worked among psychiatric trainees in the United Kingdom are about 10% higher than contracted hours. Female trainees also work more uncontracted hours than male trainees. This is significant when considering the association between hours of work and burnout, and also adds to the perception that women have to work harder for the same recognition as men. Forty-six percent of trainees breached WTD limits.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Varicella seroepidemiology in United States air force recruits: A retrospective cohort study comparing immunogenicity of varicella vaccination and natural infection

Background/ObjectivesInfection with varicella zoster virus (VZV) produces lifelong immunity, but duration of post-vaccination immunity has not been established. The purpose of this study is to determine if a difference exists in the long-term seropositivity of anti-VZV antibodies in a cohort of young adults who were vaccinated against varicella as compared to a similar cohort with a history of chickenpox disease, and to determine which variables best predict waning seropositivity following varicella vaccination. MethodsThis retrospective cohort study captures immunization and serology data from approximately 10,000 recruits who entered basic military training between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2015, and who have childhood immunization records in the Air Force Aeromedical Services Information Management System. Varicella vaccine immunogenicity was determined relative to the immunogenicity of chickenpox disease, as measured by multiplex flow immunoassay. Among vaccine recipients, waning seroimmunity was modeled and adjusted for several important covariates. ResultsBasic military trainees who received varicella vaccine in childhood were 24% less likely to be seropositive to VZV than trainees who were exempt from vaccine due to a history of chickenpox disease. There was no significant difference in seropositivity between male and female trainees. The odds of a vaccinated trainee being seropositive to VZV decreased by 8% with each year elapsed since vaccination. Seroprevalence declined below estimated herd immunity thresholds in vaccinated trainees born after 1994, and in the cohort as a whole for trainees born after 1995. ConclusionDespite prior vaccination, seroimmunity in a large cohort of young adults unexposed to wild-type VZV failed to meet the estimated threshold for herd immunity. If vaccination in accordance with the current US VZV vaccination schedule is inadequate to maintain herd immunity, young adults not previously exposed to wild-type VZV may be at increased risk for varicella outbreaks.

Stressors in Defence Academy

The study was conducted to examine the differences in the stressors of the defence trainees among the three wings of defence (Army, Air force and Navy). An inventory of stressors was constructed to be used in the study. Inventory was constructed through three stages. In the first stage, interviews were conducted with three generals and a panel of 7 members to collect information on stressors during defence training to formulate questionnaire for the conduction of Focussed Group Discussions (FGDs). During the second stage, 8 FGDs were conducted, where in each FGD consisted of 8 trainees; total sample was randomly selected, 64 male trainees aged between 17.6 years to 18.6 years. In addition to this, 27 instructors of the academy were interviewed to collect relevant information to formulate inventory of stressors during defence training period. In the third stage, 34 items inventory of stressors was constructed. These 34 items were classified into 3 categories, (1) Physical training and its impact (2) Process and systems of training (3) Social and Psychological stressors. This inventory was standardized on randomly selected N = 100 male trainees (male aged between 17.6 years to 18.6 years) belong to three wings of defence. Cohen’s perceived stress scale was administered to find content validity and content validity was found at 0.705 and Chronbach reliability was found at 0.957 and split half reliability was found at 0.937.

Ethical team leadership and trainee auditors’ likelihood of reporting client’s irregularities

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the impacts of audit engagement team’s ethical leadership, trainee auditors’ reporting intent and other selected factors on their likelihood of reporting client’s irregularities.Design/methodology/approachThe present investigation is based on 150 effective questionnaire responses provided by a group of trainee auditors working for certified public accounting (CPA) firms. The questionnaire items relating to trainee auditors’ likelihood of reporting client’s irregularities are based on Crawford and Weirich’s (2011) classification of common forms of fraudulent financial reporting. The authors’ measurement of the audit engagement team leaders’ ethicality is based on the ethical leadership scale developed in Newstrom and Ruch (1975) and Kantor and Weisberg (2002). Regression models are used to testify the authors’ hypotheses on the correlations of the trainee auditors’ likelihood of reporting client’s irregularities with audit engagement team’s ethical leadership, trainee auditor’ reporting intents and other selected factors.FindingsThe major conclusion of this study is that there is a significantly positive correlation between trainee auditors’ likelihood of reporting client’s irregularities and their perception of audit engagement team leader’s ethicality. This paper also points out that trainee auditors’ higher evaluation of stable firm–client relationship reduces their likelihood of reporting client’s irregularities, whereas their concerns with future career development increase the likelihood of reporting. In addition, this paper documents the fact that male trainee auditors more easily perceive the ethicality of their team leader than females, and that trainee auditors with less academic achievements (lower GPA) tend to perceive more easily the ethicality of their team leader than those with better academic achievements (higher GPA).Research limitations/implicationsTwo business ethics variables constructed and used in this study, i.e. trainee auditors’ likelihood of reporting client’s irregularities and engagement team leader’s ethicality, can be applied in future research on whistleblowing in the audit profession.Practical implicationsPractical implications can also be drawn from the findings to enhance the ethical management at both engagement and firm levels.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the audit research literature by providing evidence on the significant positive impacts of team leader’s ethicality on the entry-level audit professional’s likelihood of reporting client’s irregularities.

Overcoming the odds: Exploring barriers and motivations for male trainee primary teachers

The study investigated male primary school trainee teachers’ barriers and motivations for their profession. Six male trainee primary school teachers were interviewed and data were analysed thematically. Three themes arose relating to potential barriers; physical contact; experiencing negative outsider perceptions; and working within a female orientated environment. Three themes demonstrated that barriers could be overcome if participants perceived the profession as a constructive career; had positive experiences of working in a supportive environment; and were seen as effective role models. Primary teacher training courses should not only aim to reduce barriers but also highlight the positive aspects that enhance motivation.

INTEGRATING ICT IN TEACHER EDUCATION

The aim of this study is to develop a suitable Information and Communication Technology (ICT) training module and evaluate its effectiveness in teacher education. One of the greatest challenges facing teacher education today is preparing good quality teachers for an ever-changing world. Teacher trainees are the key components in any system of teacher education. Unless they are trained we cannot expect any qualitative change to come out of the system of teacher education. Diagnosis and remediation are also basic needs of curriculum transaction. An attempt has been made in this paper to develop an ICT training module and test its effectiveness in teacher education. The study reveals that there is no significant difference between the theoretical and application awareness in the concept of ICT among male and female teacher trainees.

Comparative Study of Teaching Competency of Male and Female Trainees of Govt and Self Financed Colleges

<div><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p><em>This investigation was undertaken to study teaching competence of trainees gender wise and institution type wise. a sample of 100 B.T.C trainees were selected 50 each from DIET and one of the self financing college of Meerut district. Baroda teacher competency scale was used to observe pre instructional, instructional and post instructional skills of all these trainees (2010-2012 batch) during their final internship period. Analyses were done gender wise and institution wise. Means, SD and t-ratios were used to analyze data.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>The findings revealed that;</em></p><p><em>• B.T.C. trainees of self financed institution were found to be more competent in the use of Pre- Instructional teaching skills.</em></p><p><em>• the trainees of self financed institution are superior to those of Govt. Institution with regard to their teaching competency on Instructional teaching skills. </em></p><p><em>• the trainees of self financed institution are superior to those of Govt. Institution with regard to their teaching competency on Instructional teaching skills. </em></p><p><em>• Male B.T.C. trainees were found to be more competent in the use of Pre- Instructional teaching skills as compared to their female counterparts. </em></p><p><em>• Male trainees were higher in teaching competency (instructional skills) as compared to female trainees of B.T.C. institutions.</em></p><p><em>• male B.T.C. trainees were superior to female B.T.C trainees with regard to their teaching competency on post- instructional skills.</em></p></div>

Prevalence and Impact of Anemia on Basic Trainees in the US Air Force.

BackgroundAnemia has been implicated in adverse health outcomes of athletes and military trainees, ranging from overuse injuries to degraded physical and cognitive performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate prevalence of anemia among US Air Force (USAF) basic trainees, to compare physical performance and discharge rates between anemic and non-anemic trainees, and to determine the risks and relative risks of being discharged for anemic versus non-anemic women and men.MethodsAll USAF basic trainees were screened for anemia between July 2013 and January 2014, during an 8-week basic training course at Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland, TX. Age, sex, screening hemoglobin, anthropometric measurements, initial/final physical fitness assessment scores, and discharge data were collected from trainees. Those identified as anemic (hemoglobin <13.5 g/dL for males and <12.0 g/dL for females) received additional labwork, nutritional counseling, and oral iron-replacement, if indicated. Mean percent improvement was calculated for all performance parameters from beginning to end of training. Anemic trainees were compared to non-anemic trainees by t test with Welch modification. Results were stratified by sex and anemia severity with post-hoc Bonferroni correction.ResultsPrevalence of anemia was 12.6 % (N = 18,827). Respective prevalence of borderline, moderate, and severe anemia was 12.6, 10.9, and 1.9 % for females and 4.8, 3.8, and 0.3 % for males. Mean 1.5-mile run-time, push-up and sit-up counts improved from beginning to end of training for both anemic and non-anemic trainees (p < 0.001 both). Non-anemic trainees had slightly greater run-time improvements than borderline and moderate anemics (female: 17.7 vs. 15.2, and 15.1 % improvement, p < 0.05 both; male: 14.9 vs. 13.2, and 13.5 % improvement, p < 0.05 both). One-way ANOVA demonstrated statistically significant differences between initial and final fitness data for all measures and both genders (p < 0.001) with the exception of final sit-up counts for male trainees (p = 0.082). Discharge rate for anemic trainees was 9.0 % (20 % for severely anemic trainees) as compared to 5.7 % for non-anemics.ConclusionsAnemia was prevalent among USAF basic trainees. Identification and treatment of anemia may optimize physical performance and decrease the rate of medical discharge.

Gender equality in emergency medicine: Ignorance isn't bliss.

Gender equality in emergency medicine: Ignorance isn't bliss.

Exploring the Role of M-Game as a Seat of ESP Reading in the Iranian TVT

To direct m-game to be a possible didactic option for Iranian TVT (Technical Vocational Training) trainees, in this study m-game-mediated (Mobile Game-Mediated) materials delivery was incorporated into the conventional teaching method in the blended ESP reading skill platform. So, 52 male trainees fromTechnical and Vocational College of Isfahan were selected by convenience sampling. Afterwards, 48 trainees were defined as homogeneous using Englishtag Test to learn ESP in 16 triads under two different blended learning scenarios in 18 sessions in the academic year 2014-2015. While the first group of the trainees practiced in the blended learning situation with ready-made displaying device and materials, the second-group trainees practiced the same content through the medium of their own self-made PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) and materials; in this way, their learning performance assessed continuously in and outside the classroom. To employ tree-prong approach, interest survey and focus-group interview were embraced, as well. Overall, descriptive and inferential analyses of the collected data disclosed that trainees who were involved in the process of materials development were more excited and learned more than their counterparts who practiced via prefabricated devices and materials. Consequently, self-made (vs. prefabricated) m-game-mediated blended platform was found to be more liable to teaching and learning ESP reading skill.

Gender representation in the vision sciences: A longitudinal study.

Understanding the current status and historical trends of gender representation within a research field is an important component of fostering a diverse and inclusive scientific community. Here, we report on the gender representation of a large sample of the vision science research community--the attendees of the Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society (VSS). Our analysis shows that the majority of scientists at all career levels in our sample are male. This imbalance is most pronounced for the senior scientists, whereas predoctoral students are nearly balanced between the genders. Historically, the gender imbalance was larger than it is at present, and it has followed a slow-but-steady trend toward gender parity over the past decade. A longitudinal analysis based on tracking individual attendees shows a larger dropout rate for female than male predoctoral trainees. However, among the trainees who continue in the vision science field after graduate school, evidence suggests that career advancement is quite similar between the genders. In an additional analysis, we found that the VSS Young Investigator awardees and the abstract review committee members reflect substantial gender imbalances, suggesting that these recognitions have yet to catch up with the greater gender balance of the rising generation of junior vision scientists. We hope that this report will encourage awareness of issues of diversity in the scientific community and further promote the development of a research field in which all talented scientists are supported to succeed.

Australian general practice trainees' exposure to ophthalmic problems and implications for training: a cross-sectional analysis.

INTRODUCTION Eye conditions are common presentations in Australian general practice, with the potential for serious sequelae. Pre-vocational ophthalmology training for General Practitioner (GP) trainees is limited. AIM To describe the rate, nature and associations of ophthalmic problems managed by Australian GP trainees, and derive implications for education and training. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis from an ongoing cohort study of GP trainees' clinical consultations. Trainees recorded demographic, clinical and educational details of consecutive patient consultations. Descriptive analyses report trainee, patient and practice demographics. Proportions of all problems managed in these consultations that were ophthalmology-related were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Associations were tested using simple logistic regression within the generalised estimating equations (GEE) framework. RESULTS In total, 884 trainees returned data on 184,476 individual problems or diagnoses from 118,541 encounters. There were 2649 ophthalmology-related problems, equating to 1.4% (95% CI: 1.38-1.49) of all problems managed. The most common eye presentations were conjunctivitis (32.5% of total problems), eyelid problems (14.9%), foreign body (5.3%) and dry eye (4.7%). Statistically significant associations were male trainee; male patient and patient aged 14 years or under; the problem being new and the patient being new to both trainee and practice; urban and of higher socioeconomic status practice location; the practice nurse not being involved; planned follow up not arranged; referral made; in-consultation information sought; and learning goals generated. DISCUSSION Trainees have comparable ophthalmology exposure to established GPs. However, associations with referral and information-seeking suggest GP trainees find ophthalmic problems challenging, reinforcing the critical importance of appropriate training.

Pregnancy and Parenthood among Surgery Residents: Results of the First Nationwide Survey of General Surgery Residency Program Directors

Although family and lifestyle are known to be important factors for medical students choosing a specialty, there is a lack of research about general surgery residency program policies regarding pregnancy and parenthood. Similarly, little is known about program director attitudes about these issues. We performed a cross-sectional survey of United States (US) general surgery residency program directors. Sixty-six respondents completed the survey: 70% male, 59% from university-based programs, and 76% between 40 and 59 years of age. Two-thirds (67%) reported having a maternity leave policy. Less than half (48%) reported having a leave policy for the non-childbearing parent (paternity leave). Leave duration was most frequently reported as 6 weeks for maternity leave (58%) and 1 week for paternity leave (45%). Thirty-eight percent of general surgery residency program directors (PDs) reported availability of on-site childcare, 58% reported availability of lactation facilities. Forty-six percent of university PDs said that the research years are the best time to have a child during residency; 52% of independent PDs said that no particular time during residency is best. Sixty-one percent of PDs reported that becoming a parent negatively affects female trainees' work, including placing an increased burden on fellow residents (33%). Respondents perceived children as decreasing female trainees' well-being more often than male trainees' (32% vs 9%, p < 0.001). Program director reports indicated a lack of national uniformity in surgical residency policies regarding parental leave, length of leave, as well as inconsistency in access to childcare and availability of spaces to express and store breast milk. Program directors perceived parenthood to affect the training and well-being of female residents more adversely than that of male residents.

HPV vaccination: acceptance and influencing factors among young men in Germany.

This study aims to determine the factors that influence the acceptance of the HPV vaccination among German males. In 2014, we conducted a population-based cross-sectional study in men aged 15-25 years. A questionnaire was mailed to male trainees of the Bayerische Motorenwerke AG (BMW) insured at the BMW health insurance company. The response rate was 10.8%. Of the 378 included men, 74.1% would agree to receive HPV vaccination. Most men primarily consult their physician for health-related topics, but 92.9% had never been informed about HPV infection, risk factors and prevention methods by their doctor. Our results demonstrate a high acceptance of male HPV vaccination. Education about HPV infection is low and should be intensified by medical professionals.

Female Physicians and the Future of Endocrinology.

Given that approximately 70% of current endocrinology fellows are women, female physicians will compose the majority of the future endocrinology workforce. This gender shift partly reflects an apparent waning of interest in endocrinology among male trainees. It also coincides with a projected shortage of endocrinologists overall. Female physicians face unique challenges in the workplace. To continue to attract trainees to the specialty and support their success, it is imperative that these challenges be recognized, understood, and addressed. A PubMed search using the terms "female physician" and "physician gender" covering the years 2000-2015 was performed. Additional references were identified through review of the citations of the retrieved articles. The following topics were identified as key to understanding the impact of this gender shift: professional satisfaction, work-life balance, income, parenthood, academic success, and patient satisfaction. Several changes can be predicted to occur as endocrinology becomes a female-predominant specialty. Although professional satisfaction should remain stable, increased burnout rates are likely. Work-life balance challenges will likely be magnified. The combined effects of occupational gender segregation and a gender pay gap are predicted to negatively impact salaries of endocrinologists of both genders. The underrepresentation of women in academic leadership may mean a lesser voice for endocrinology in this arena. Finally, gender biases evident in patient satisfaction measures--commonly used as proxies for quality of care--may disproportionately impact endocrinology. Endocrinology is predicted to become the most female-predominant subspecialty of internal medicine. The specialty of endocrinology should take a lead role in advocating for changes that support the success of female physicians. Strengthening and supporting the physician workforce can only serve to attract talented physicians of both genders to the specialty, which will be key to meeting the needs of the increasing numbers of patients with endocrine disorders.

English

Though the professionalism of teaching is still a debatable issue, teaching provides an indispensible service to every society and civilization. The service provided by teaching seems to be more indispensible to any society than services provided by any other profession. To those that teach, the way they perceive themselves and the value of their services tend to make a lot of difference. The study looked at the influence that such perception by teacher trainees in UB has on their attitude towards their training programme (TTP) as well as towards teaching generally. A statistical analysis of data from a quantitative survey of 73 UB teacher trainees with a 54 closed-ended validated Likert-type items showed that in the perception of UB teacher trainees, teaching is a profession and this view is significantly stronger among female than male teacher trainees. Their level of perception of teaching as a profession has significant influence on their motivation to do well in their teacher training programme (TTP); attitude towards their teacher training programme (AtTTP), the value they attached to the programme (VaTTP); and their perception of the effectiveness of the programme (ETTP). Similarly, the level to which they perceived teaching as a profession has a significantly positive influence on their willingness to teach (WtT); attitude toward teaching (AtT) and the level to which they perceive teaching as a stereotypes career (STC). Generally, the higher their perception of teaching as a profession, the higher is their attitude towards their TTP as well as towards teaching in general. The findings were discussed, implications drawn and recommendations made. Key words: Professionalism of education, teacher training, teacher training, attitude towards teaching, University of Botswana (UB), Botswana.

Physiological Demands of Flat Horse Racing Jockeys.

The physiological demands of jockeys during competition remain largely unknown, thereby creating challenges when attempting to prescribe sport-specific nutrition and training guidelines. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physiological demands and energy requirements of jockeys during flat racing. Oxygen uptake (V[Combining Dot Above]O2) and heart rate (HR) were assessed in 18 male trainee jockeys during a race simulation trial on a mechanical horse racing simulator for the typical time duration to cover a common flat race distance of 1,400 m. In addition, 8 male apprentice jockeys participated in a competitive race, over distances ranging from 1,200 to 1,600 m, during which HR and respiratory rate (RR) were assessed. All participants performed a maximal incremental cycle ergometer test. During the simulated race, peak V[Combining Dot Above]O2 was 42.74 ± 5.6 ml·kg·min (75 ± 11% of V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak) and below the mean ventilatory threshold (81 ± 5% of V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak) reported in the maximal incremental cycle test. Peak HR was 161 ± 16 b·min (86 ± 7% of HRpeak). Energy expenditure was estimated as 92.5 ± 18.8 kJ with an associated value of 9.4 metabolic equivalents. During the competitive race trial, peak HR reached 189 ± 5 b·min (103 ± 4% of HRpeak) and peak RR was 50 ± 7 breaths per minute. Results suggest that horse racing is a physically demanding sport, requiring jockeys to perform close to their physiological limit to be successful. These findings may provide a useful insight when developing sport-specific nutrition and training strategies to optimally equip and prepare jockeys physically for the physiological demands of horse racing.

Exploring the Relationship Between Stereotype Perception and Residents' Well-Being

Medicine has historically been a male-dominated field, and there remains a stereotype that men are better physicians than women. For female residents, and in particular female surgical residents, chronically contending with this stereotype can exact a toll on their psychological health. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between women surgeons' psychological health and their perception of other people's endorsement of the stereotype (stereotype perception). This is a correlational study based on survey data collected from 14 residency programs at one medical center from September 2010 to March 2011. The participants were 384 residents (representing an 80% response rate). The main survey measures were the Dupuy Psychological General Well-Being Scale and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Among female surgical residents, we found that those with higher degrees of stereotype perception had poorer psychological health than those with lower degrees of stereotype perception (β = -0.44, p = 0.002). For men, there was no relationship between stereotype perception and psychological health (β = 0.015; p = 0.92). Among nonsurgeons, there was no relationship between stereotype perception and psychological health for either women or men (β = -0.016; p = 0.78; β = -0.0050; p = 0.97, respectively). The data suggest that women in surgical training, but not men, can face a stressor--stereotype perception--that is negatively associated with their psychological health. This same relationship does not seem to exist for women in nonsurgical training programs. Efforts should be made to further understand this relationship and investigate possible interventions to level the playing field for male and female surgical trainees.

Neglect of skin wounds and the risk of becoming a Staphylococcus aureus nasal carrier: a cohort study.

BackgroundNasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus have an increased risk of acquiring skin and soft tissue infections, which could manifest as outbreaks, especially in crowded settings. Current prevention programs are ineffective, antibiotic resistance is rising and risk factors for becoming a carrier are incompletely understood. We aimed to examine whether a behavior, the neglect of skin wounds, is a risk factor for becoming a Staphylococcus aureus carrier during training.MethodsWe conducted a field-based cohort study among male infantry trainees in three seasons in Israel during 2011–12. Participants underwent anterior nares cultures and answered structured questionnaires on potential risk factors on two occasions: before and 3 weeks after start of training (N = 542). Attitudes and practices toward neglect of skin wounds were defined as perseverance in training at all costs, despite having a wound. Samples were processed within 18 hours for identification of Staphylococcus aureus. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess risk factors for becoming a carrier.ResultsCarriage prevalence increased by 43.3 % during training, from 33.2 % to 47.6 % (p < 0.01). One-fourth (25.4 %) of those with a negative culture before training became carriers. None of the socio-demographic characteristics was a risk factor for becoming a carrier while the risk was lower in the winter (Odds ratio [OR] = 0.42; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.23-0.78, p < 0.01) and spring (OR = 0.46; 0.26-0.81, p < 0.01) seasons compared to the summer season. Neglect of skin wounds in practice and attitude was a risk factor for becoming a carrier (OR = 2.40; 1.13-5.12, p = 0.02), as well as neglect in practice or attitude (OR = 1.86; 1.04-3.34, p = 0.04) compared to no neglect when controlled for season. The preventable fraction in the population attributed to neglect of skin wounds was 33 %.ConclusionsNeglect of skin wounds is an independent, common and strong risk factor for becoming a Staphylococcus aureus carrier during training. This preventable behavior should not be ignored and should be addressed in public health programs during training and in other settings. Further research on behavioral determinants of Staphylococcus aureus carriage and infection is warranted.