Male Population Research Articles

The Propensity for Deviant Sexual Behavior in the General Population: An Empirical Examination of the Motivation-Facilitation Model.

In their influential paper Wurtele et al. (2014) investigated the degree to which individuals within the general population (N = 435) express sexual interest in children. In the male population of their study (n = 173), about 6% showed a propensity to engage in sexual activity with a child. Based on a German general population sample consisting of women and men (N = 911, n = 206 males), we were able to replicate most of the results of Wurtele and colleagues (e.g., 6% of men indicated some likelihood of having sex with a child). To explain sexual offending, Seto (2019) developed the motivation-facilitation model (MFM). In our study, we were interested whether this model also translates to explaining the propensity for deviant sexual behavior in the general population. Moderated hierarchical logistic regression analyses revealed that hypersexuality and sexual fantasies had significant effects as motivating factors for deviant sexual behavior (e.g., sexually assaulting an adult), whereas we found no significant effect of psychopathy as a facilitator. For the prediction of child sexual abuse, only hypersexuality had a significant effect. Notably, after including gender in both models the effect of hypersexuality was no longer significant. Accordingly, we were able to show that the MFM is useful in explaining the propensity for deviant sexual behavior foremost in the male general population. Thus, in clinical practice an assessment of hypersexuality seems to be most relevant for the male population.

Sex-linked differences in semiochemical-mediated movement by Trogoderma variabile Ballion and Trogoderma inclusum LeConte (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) after exposure to long-lasting insecticide-incorporated netting

Stored product insects are highly mobile and present in the landscape and can disperse by tracking odors of food and pheromones. A novel preventative integrated pest management (IPM) tactic to intercept dispersing insects of durable commodities (e.g., packaged goods, flour, bulk commodities), is a long-lasting insecticide-incorporated netting (LLIN) containing 0.4% deltamethrin. However, it is unknown how exposure to the deltamethrin-based LLIN (LLIN hereafter) may affect olfaction and orientation to important semiochemicals by stored product insects. In this study, our aims were to evaluate whether exposure to LLIN affected male and female (or mixed sex) populations of Trogoderma variabile and T. inclusum movement in the presence of important semiochemicals, including food kairomones and pheromones, including the major sex pheromone for Trogoderma spp. (e.g., (Z)-14-methyl-8-hexedecenal). We evaluated this with a video-tracking protocol and confirmed volatile emissions with headspace collection coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Disruption in movement in this study is taken to mean a significant upregulation or downregulation in response compared to our netting without active ingredient (control). Distance moved increased 4–6-fold in T. variabile after exposure to LLIN compared to control netting, while it was reduced by a third to a half in T. inclusum. Overall, out of 40 possible olfactory and taxis patterns which could be disrupted, exposure to LLIN interrupted 68–73% of these in T. inclusum and T. variabile, respectively, compared to control netting-exposed individuals. Pheromonal stimuli were more important for males, but food and pheromones were equally important for females. Our research suggests the use of LLIN may enhance the effectiveness of other behaviorally-based management strategies when used as part of a comprehensive IPM program for these short-lived adults.

Modeling and prediction of age-specific mortality rates using the Lee–Carter model

BACKGROUND: High mortality remains one of the most significant health concerns in Russia. One of the priorities of the state policy is to reduce mortality rates among the working-age population and increase life expectancy. Predicting population mortality rates serves as a valuable tool for effectively allocating the available resources. AIM: To perform mathematical modeling and prediction of mortality rates of the population of the Orenburg region using the Lee–Carter model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The age- and sex-specific mortality rates and the population size of the Orenburg region for the period 1991–2020 was used as a study base. The Lee–Carter method was applied to model and predict population mortality. By deriving key parameters, a random walk model with drift was developed, and an accuracy assessment was performed. RESULTS: The Lee-Carter model has been utilized to analyze the mortality rates of the male population in the Orenburg region. Through this modeling process, an accuracy rate of 87% was achieved, providing a reliable basis for long-term prediction. Mortality forecasts have been generated up to the year 2035, allowing for a comprehensive evaluation of future trends in the region. CONCLUSION: The analysis of the results indicates that the pandemic's impact on population mortality is expected to be short-term. In the upcoming years, the mortality rate of the male population in the Orenburg region is projected to continue decreasing.

Mark-Release-Recapture Trial with Aedes albopictus (Diptera, Culicidae) Irradiated Males: Population Parameters and Climatic Factors.

Aedes albopictus is considered one of the major invasive species in the world and can transmit viruses such as dengue, Zika, or chikungunya. The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) can be used to suppress the native populations of Ae. albopictus. Mark-release-recapture (MRR) studies are crucial to support the development of the release strategy during the SIT application. Meanwhile, weather conditions can affect the MRR trial's results and it is critical to understand the influence of climatic factors on the results. In October 2022, 84,000 irradiated sterile males were released for three consecutive weeks in Faro, Southern Portugal. Mosquitoes were recaptured by human landing collection (HLC) one, two, four, and six days after release. Generalized linear models with a negative binomial family and log function were used to estimate the factors associated with the number of recaptured mosquitoes, prevalence ratios, and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 84,000 sterile male mosquitoes were released, with 528 recaptured (0.8%) by HLC. The prevalence of recaptured mosquitoes was 23% lower when the wind intensity was moderate. Marked sterile males had an average median distance travelled of 88.7 m. The median probability of daily survival and the average life expectancy were 61.6% and 2.1 days, respectively. The wild male population estimate was 443.33 males/ha. Despite no statistically significant association being found with humidity, temperature, and precipitation, it is important to consider weather conditions during MRR trial analyses to obtain the best determinant estimation and a more efficient application of the SIT in an integrated vector management program.

Evaluation of Awareness levels about foot care and its impact on foot care practices among Diabetic Individuals in Pakistan

Background: This research covers a very important topic in today’s time, diabetic foot care. To prevent its complications, an in depth understanding of awareness levels and practices about foot care among diabetic individuals is very important. Aim: To assess awareness levels about foot care and its impact on foot care practices among diabetic individuals. Methods: The population of the study was composed of the diabetic patients coming to outpatient departments in a tertiary care hospital in Rawalpindi. The study was carried out over a period of 6 months from January 2024 to June 2024. The participants were enrolled through non-probability convenience sampling. 266 diabetic patients participated in the research who met the inclusion criteria. Data was collected by using a structured questionnaire. Results: A total of 266 valid responses were received that were analyzed using SPSS v25, out of which 124 (46.6%) are males and 142 (53.4%) are females. The analysis showed that there is a weak positive correlation between the total knowledge and total practice scores of 0.174 (p value 0.004). Conclusion: Older patients, male population, patients with other chronic diseases, patients who received a formal education about diabetes foot complications, and patients having diabetes for more than 20 years show greater knowledge and better practice to protect from diabetic foot complications. It is imperative to inform people with diabetes that proper foot care is crucial in preventing the formation of wounds. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Foot, Chronic diseases, foot care practices

Comparison of obesity indicators for predicting cardiovascular risk factors and multimorbidity among the Chinese population based on ROC analysis

To date, the best obesity-related indicators (ORIs) for predicting hypertension, dyslipidaemia, Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and multimorbidity are still controversial. This study assessed the ability of 17 ORIs [body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF%), c-index, Clínica Universidad de Navarra-Body Adiposity Estimator (CUN-BAE), a body shape index (ABSI), body adiposity index (BAI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), body roundness index (BRI), abdominal volume index (AVI), triglyceride glucose index (TYG), lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI), waist triglyceride index (WTI) and cardiometabolic index (CMI)] to predict hypertension, dyslipidemia, T2DM, and multimorbidity in populations aged 40–69 years. From November 2017 to December 2022, 10,432 compliant residents participated in this study. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess the ability of ORIs to predict target diseases across the whole population and genders. The DeLong test was used to analyse the heterogeneity of area under curves (AUCs). Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyse the association of ORIs with hypertension, dyslipidaemia, T2DM, and multimorbidity. The prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidaemia, T2DM, and multimorbidity was 67.46%, 39.36%, 12.54% and 63.58%, respectively. After excluding ORIs associated with the target disease components, in the whole population, CVAI (AUC = 0.656), BMI (AUC = 0.655, not significantly different from WC and AVI), CVAI (AUC = 0.645, not significantly different from LAP, CMI, WHR, and WTI), and TYG (AUC = 0.740) were the best predictor of hypertension, dyslipidemia, T2DM, and multimorbidity, respectively (all P < 0.05). In the male population, BF% (AUC = 0.677), BMI (AUC = 0.698), CMI (AUC = 0.648, not significantly different from LAP and CVAI), and TYG (AUC = 0.741) were the best predictors (all P < 0.05). In the female population, CVAI (AUC = 0.677), CUN-BAE (AUC = 0.623, not significantly different from BF%, WC, WHR, WHtR, BRI and BMI), CVAI (AUC = 0.657, not significantly different from WHR), TYG (AUC = 0.740) were the best predictors (all P < 0.05). After adjusting for all covariates, all ORIs were significantly associated with hypertension, dyslipidaemia, T2DM, and multimorbidity (all P < 0.05), except for ABSI and hypertension and BAI and T2DM, which were insignificant. Ultimately, after considering the heterogeneity of prediction of ORIs among different populations, for hypertension, BF% was the best indicator for men and CVAI for the rest of the population. The best predictors of dyslipidaemia, T2DM, and multimorbidity were BMI, CVAI and TYG, respectively. Screening for common chronic diseases in combination with these factors may help to improve the effectiveness.

Variability in Profiles and Prevalences of Gram-Negative Bacteria in Urinary Tract Infections: A Population-Based Analysis.

Objective: An increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is observed worldwide, partly due to the overuse and misuse of antibiotics, which are ineffective in certain population subgroups. This negatively impacts both the healthcare system and patients. Our study aimed to investigate the current AMR profiles for the most commonly used antibiotics in treating urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by gram-negative bacteria (GNB) across different age and gender subpopulations. By doing so, we provide valuable information for doctors managing prophylactic and empiric therapeutic treatments. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analysed over 650,000 urine cultures collected in the Microbiology Department of a referral university hospital in Southern England from January 2014 to December 2022. A population-based analysis for subgroups was performed to rule out differences in AMR patterns. Our report was recorded at UHS as an internal audit (UHS7670). Results: 146,867 cultures were found positive for GNB growth. Nitrofurantoin showed the best sensitivity patterns for all age subgroups (0.93% for patients aged ≤ 18; 1.22% for patients aged 19-40; 2.17% for patients aged 40-60; and 3.48% for patients aged > 60), regardless of gender (male: 6.37%, female: 2.59%). Ampicillin/amoxicillin and trimethoprim showed a poor AMR profile for all age groups (>55% and >28%, respectively) and genders (>60% and >28%, respectively). All the other tested antibiotics (cefalexin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, co-amoxiclav, gentamicin) showed an overall good profile for GNB resistance across all subgroups. For all antibiotics except trimethoprim, the risk of developing AMR was significantly higher in the male population. We also found that people aged over 60 had a higher risk of AMR compared to the other age groups for all antibiotics, with the exception of cefotaxime and co-amoxiclav. Conclusions: With an overall rise in resistance patterns for GNB-related UTIs, certain antibiotics-particularly ampicillin/amoxicillin and trimethoprim-now exhibit very poor sensitivity profiles. However, antibiotics such as nitrofurantoin and gentamicin remain excellent options for empirically treating UTIs. It is important to note that AMR can vary across different populations, with higher resistance often found in elderly and male patients. Clinicians must stay informed about current guidelines and research to provide the best treatment options while minimizing the risk of further AMR development.

Association between self-reported sleep apnea and biomarkers of liver injury: Evidence from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

The community population based studies on the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and liver injury are limited. The study aimed to clarify the association between sleep apnea (SA) and liver injury by using the data in The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. SA was assessed by the sleep questionnaire and liver injury was evaluated by liver function test, hepatic steatosis index, and fibrosis-4. Weighted multivariable linear regression was performed to examine the association between SA and liver injury. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analysis were also conducted. A total of 19,362 eligible participants were included in the study. After adjusting for confounders, the presence of SA was significantly associated with increased levels of lnALT, lnAST/alanine aminotransferase, lnGGT, and lnHSI (all P values < .05), but not with lnFIB-4 (P > .05). There is a dose-response relationship between the severity of SA and increased levels of lnALT, lnGGT, and decreased levels of lnAST/alanine aminotransferase (test for trend, all P values < .05). Subgroup analyses revealed that the positive association between SA and liver function, liver steatosis showed a tendency to exist in nonobese, younger, non-Hispanic Black, and male populations. Sensitive analysis showed the relationship between SA and liver injury was stable. Self-reported SA was independently associated with elevated liver enzymes and liver steatosis among US population. The association was more pronounced among nonobese, younger, non-Hispanic Black, and male populations.

The disease burden of bladder cancer and its attributable risk factors in five Eastern Asian countries, 1990–2019: a population-based comparative study

BackgroundsThe study aimed to estimate bladder cancer burden and its attributable risk factors in China, Japan, South Korea, North Korea and Mongolia from 1990 to 2019, to discuss the potential causes of the disparities.MethodsData were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) were calculated by Joinpoint analysis, and the independent age, period and cohort effects were estimated by age-period-cohort analysis.ResultsIn 2019, the highest incidence (7.70 per 100,000) and prevalence (51.09 per 100,000) rates of bladder cancer were in Japan, while the highest mortality (2.31 per 100,000) and DALY rates (41.88 per 100,000) were in South Korea and China, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence and prevalence rates increased in China, Japan and South Korea (AAPC > 0) and decreased in Mongolia (AAPC < 0), while mortality and DALY rates decreased in all five countries (AAPC < 0). Age effects showed increasing trends for incidence, mortality and DALY rates, while the prevalence rates increased first and then decreased in older groups. The cohort effects showed downward trends from 1914–1918 to 2004–2008. Smoking was the greatest contributor and males had the higher burden than females.ConclusionBladder cancer was still a major public health problem in East Asia. Male and older population suffered from higher risk, and smoking played an important role. It is recommended that more efficient preventions and interventions should be operated among high-risk populations, thereby reduce bladder cancer burden in East Asia.

Trends in hip fracture rates in US male veterans.

In the United States, the annual incidence of osteoporotic hip fracture is estimated to be 250,000 to 300,000; the one-year mortality in some studies has been as high as 32%. Reports that hip fracture rates in US women 65years and older may no longer be declining led to this investigation of hip fracture in men, a less studied population. We assessed the trends in the incidence of hip fracture in US male veterans 50years and older of age as well as the rates of diagnosis and treatment in such men. We assessed the recent trends of hip fracture incidence in a nation-wide male veteran population 50years and older of age. Using data from the US Veterans Affairs Informatics and Computing Infrastructure (VINCI) 2002-2019, we calculated the annual age-standardized hip fracture incidence. Secondary objectives included evaluating the annual proportion of hip fracture patients who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) before or after the fracture and/or received osteoporosis medication after the hip fracture over the study period. Hip fracture incidence increased in male veterans from 2006 to 2019. Fewer than 6% of men underwent a DXA scan and fewer than 0.5% received osteoporosis medications up to two years after a hip fracture. Despite available screening methods such as DXAs and medications for primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures, hip fracture incidence is not decreasing in older male veterans. Our study highlights a need for closerattention to fracture risk in men.

Sex differences in clinical presentation, treatment response, and side effects of nutritional therapy among patients at nutritional risk: a secondary analysis of the randomized clinical trial EFFORT

BackgroundConsidering sex-specific factors has become an increasingly recognized area for research and practice, in the field of clinical nutrition, there is insufficient evidence regarding differences in clinical presentation, treatment response, and side effects of nutritional therapy among female and male patients. ObjectivesWe hypothesized that the clinical presentation, response to nutritional therapy, and side effects from the intervention would differ in the two sexes. MethodsThis secondary analysis investigated differences among female and male patients at risk for malnutrition regarding initial presentation, clinical outcomes, and treatment response in patients included in the Effect of Early Nutritional Support on Frailty, Functional Outcomes, and Recovery of Malnourished Medical Inpatients Trial (EFFORT), a randomized controlled trial comparing individualized nutritional support to usual care. ResultsOf 2028 patients included in the trial, 964 were females and 1064 were males. The nutritional history and clinical presentation of female patients was different: they consumed less food and had a greater loss of appetite than the male population. Male patients had higher risk for mortality at 180 d [27% compared with 19%; adjusted hazards ratio (HR): 1.35; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.63] and further adverse clinical outcomes. However, there was no difference in the effect of nutritional support on mortality among female and male patients (HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.45, 1.27, compared with HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.54, 1.21, respectively; P-interaction = 0.939). ConclusionsResults of this multicenter randomized trial suggest that multimorbid female inpatients have a different clinical presentation and are more prone to loss of appetite and reduced daily dietary intake than male inpatients. Importantly, the favorable response to nutritional interventions was similar in both sexes.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02517476.

Smoking cessation and the odds of developing hypertension in a working-age male population; the impact of body weight changes

Background: Smoking elevates blood pressure (BP) whereas smoking cessation increases body weight (BW), which predisposes new quitters to the development of hypertension. This study aimed to investigate the effect of smoking cessation and subsequent BW change on the odds of developing hypertension. Methods: A total of 10,354 Japanese male workers without hypertension who underwent a baseline annual medical checkup were followed up for three years to detect the development of hypertension. They were divided into six groups according to their smoking status (non-smokers, new quitters, or continuous smokers) and BW change (≥3 kg or <3 kg) during the follow-up period. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratio (OR) for developing hypertension. Results: During the follow-up period, 1,032 participants (mean age, 38.4 ± 8.8 years) developed hypertension. After adjusting for multiple potential confounders, the odds of developing hypertension were significantly higher in new quitters with BW gains ≥3 kg (OR, 2.95, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37–6.35) compared to non-smokers with BW gains <3 kg. However, increased odds of developing hypertension were not observed in those with BW gains <3 kg (OR, 0.90, 95% CI, 0.52–1.58). Continuous smokers were at increased odds of developing hypertension regardless of their BW changes (BW gain <3 kg, OR, 1.35, 95% CI, 1.13–1.61 vs BW gain ≥3 kg, OR, 1.90, 95% CI, 1.43–2.52). Conclusions: The odds of developing hypertension were increased in new quitters only when their BW gain was not controlled after smoking cessation.

Effect of different forms of high-intensity interval training on V̇O2max, strength, flexibility, and body fat percentage among middle-aged males.

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has become a popular exercise approach due to its potential to elicit significant physiological adaptations. However, limited research has compared the effects of different HIIT modalities on fitness parameters in middle-aged males. This study aimed to determine the effect of different HIIT on V̇O<inf>2max</inf>, strength, flexibility, and body fat percentage among middle-aged males. Thirty sedentary males aged 40-50 years were randomly assigned to HIIT-Weight Training Circuit (WTC), HIIT-Shuttle Run (SR), or HIIT-Bodyweight Exercise (BWE) groups. Training consisted of 20 sessions over 5 weeks of 4×4 minutes at 90-95% HR<inf>max</inf> with 3 minutes recovery at 70% HR<inf>max</inf> between intervals. Outcome measures including V̇O<inf>2max</inf>, strength, flexibility, and body fat percentage were assessed pre- and postintervention. The result for the Two-Way Mixed ANOVA indicated there was no significant interaction effect between the three training groups. There was no significant main effect for the three training groups, whereas there was a significant effect for the repeated measure time existed. A significant improvement in V̇O<inf>2max</inf>, strength, flexibility has been shown between post-test and pre-test for the HIIT-SR, HIIT-WTC, and HIIT-BWE group. Whereas A significant decrease has been shown between post and pretest for all the groups in body fat percentage. This research findings suggested that different forms of HIIT can elicit differential adaptation in middle-aged males. Incorporating different form of HIIT as HITT-SR, HITT-WTC, and HITT-BWE into exercise program may be an effective way to systematically improve V̇O<inf>2max</inf>, strength, flexibility, and body composition in middle-age male population. These findings provide guidance on HIIT prescription according to fitness goals.

Audit of the Acute Management of Renal Colic in District Hospitals Within a National Health Service Trust.

Renal colic is a prevalent acute urological emergency caused by urinary stones and commonly manifests as severe loin pain. This audit assesses the management of acute renal colic at a National Health Service (NHS) Trust in the West Midlands, England, comparing practices against theNational Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) and the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) guidelines. This retrospective audit reviewed 417 patients with suspected renal colic over a month. Data collected included patients' demographics, time to complete CT scan, laboratory investigations requested and management modalities. Patients assessed were either admitted through the Emergency Department, Surgical Assessment Unit, or previously admitted for other conditions on the wards. The audit benchmarked against NICE and BAUS guidelines, focusing on diagnostic timeliness and management, including essential blood investigations. Data analysis performed using SPSS (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) included descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests, with significance set at p < 0.05. A total of 417 patients met the inclusion criteria. The average age of patients was 47.4 years with slightly higher male population (51.1%). The diagnostic rate for renal or ureteric stones using computed tomography of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder (CT-KUB) was 41.2%. The positive detection rate was significantly higher in males (54%) compared to females (27.5%) while females have more alternate diagnosis than males (13.7% vs 6.1%). The average completion time of CT-KUB was nine hours with 7.7% of patients having their CT-KUB beyond the 24-hour benchmark. Most patients (48%) were managed conservatively with analgesia, 32% received tamsulosin as medical expulsive therapy and others had interventions like ureteric stent insertion (9.3%), nephrostomy (6.4%) or primary ureteroscopy (4.1%). The audit of renal colic management at our centre revealed a 41.2% diagnostic rate for renal or ureteric stones via CT-KUB, with a significantly higher rate in males than females. Diagnostic delays were minimal, with only 7.7% of scans exceeding 24 hours. Conservative management was common, however non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were underutilized despite guideline recommendations. There was a notable gender disparity in diagnostic and alternate findings rates. The results showed the need for adherence to pain management protocols and highlight the effectiveness of existing renal colic protocol, while also pointing to potential areas for improvement in treatment uniformity and guideline adherence.

The Need for Localized, Socio-economic Policy Measures for Controlling a Pandemic: An Empirical Study of COVID-19 in India

We examine the localized nature of COVID-19 pandemic spread in India. Through Gamma curve-fitting we observe that the infection patterns exhibit substantial variation across locations. Areas with larger male population and higher economic activity witness more cases. Economically-deprived districts experience higher mortality after controlling for the infections. Mobility in spatially contiguous locations is a significant determinant of new infections. Our study emphasizes the role of socioeconomic factors in explaining the variation across districts. The findings support the need for locally-specific policy, better medical infrastructure in socio-economically vulnerable localities and social-distancing measures in controlling the spread.

MB09, a denosumab biosimilar candidate: Biosimilarity demonstration in a phase I study in healthy subjects.

This was a Phase I, randomized, double-blinded, three-arm, single-dose, parallel study aimed to demonstrate pharmacokinetic (PK) similarity between MB09 (a denosumab biosimilar candidate) and reference denosumab (XGEVA® from European Union [EU-reference] and United States [US-reference]) in a healthy male population. The primary PK endpoints included: Area under the serum concentration versus time curve from time 0 to the last quantifiable concentration timepoint (AUC0-last); and maximum observed serum concentration (Cmax). Secondary endpoints included: AUC from time 0 extrapolated to infinity (AUC0-∞), time to reach maximum observed concentration, clearance, terminal phase half-life, pharmacodynamic, safety, and immunogenicity assessments. A total of 255 subjects were randomized (1:1:1) to receive a subcutaneous 35 mg dose of MB09 or reference denosumab. Cmax was reached after denosumab administration, followed by a decline in the concentration with similar terminal phase half-live across treatment arms. Systemic exposure of MB09 (AUC0-last and Cmax) was equivalent to the reference denosumab, as the 90% confidence intervals around the geometric least square mean ratios laid within the predefined acceptance limits (80.00%, 125.00%) across all comparisons. Pharmacodynamic parameters, based on the percent of change from baseline in serum C-terminal telopeptide of Type 1 collagen levels, were similar across the three arms. The treatments were considered safe and generally well tolerated, with 92 treatment-emergent adverse events reported (most Grade 2 and 3) and similarly distributed. Immunogenicity was low and similarly distributed. These results provide strong evidence that supports the biosimilarity between MB09 and denosumab reference products.

The effects of shift work on sleep quality, diet quality, and obesity-related factors: A male population study

ABSTRACT Recent studies suggest that shift working may trigger health issues through disrupted circadian rhythms and altered eating habits. This study aimed to examine the possible associations of shift work with sleep quality, diet quality and obesity-related parameters. This study was conducted with 150 males (75 shift and daytime workers) aged 24–50 years. Dietary intake was determined using the 24-hour recall method, and dietary quality was evaluated using the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010). Anthropometrical measurements and body composition were assessed. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to evaluate sleep quality. Fasting and postprandial glucose and insulin, and fasting lipid levels were analyzed. HOMA-IR was calculated, and blood pressure was measured. The total HEI-2010 score of shift workers (52.6 [45.4–58.8]) was lower than the daytime workers (55.9 [49.1–64.9]) (p = 0.016). Among individuals with good sleep quality, the total HEI-2010 score, seafood and plant proteins, fatty acids, and sodium scores were lower in shift workers compared to others (p < 0.05 for each). Non-obese shift workers had higher body weight, waist circumference, waist/hip ratio, VLDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, postprandial glucose, and insulin levels compared to daytime workers (p < 0.05 for each). This study demonstrates that shift working is associated with lower diet quality independent of sleep quality.

Función pulmonar en post COVID-19

Introduction: Infection by SARS-CoV-2 affects multiple organs, but the lung is the most affected organ and can have sequelae. The diagnosis of sequelae includes: medical history, physical examination, chest radiography and/or tomography, and pulmonary function tests (spirometry, carbon monoxide diffusing capacity, 6-minute walk test, and lung volumes). The objective of this study was to describe lung function in post COVID-19 patients at the Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Diseases CEDITER. Methodology: We conducted a descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional study of patients over 18 years of age, with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, who had undergone any pulmonary function tests and were found in the CEDITER database, from March 2020 to December 2021. Results: 246 cases were included, of which 57.7% were male and 43.3% were female. The mean age was 50.8 years with a standard deviation of 13.2. 46.1% had a body mass index (BMI) between 30 and 39.9, classified as obesity. 207 spirometries were analyzed, of which 34.3% were abnormal. Out of the 236 carbon monoxide diffusion tests, 53% showed mild to moderate decreases. Conclusions: The pulmonary function test that was most affected was carbon monoxide diffusion (DLCO), in a predominantly male population, with overweight or obesity, and with a mean age of 50 years.

The synergistic effect of triglyceride-glucose index and HbA1c on blood pressure control in patients with hypertension: a retrospective cohort study

Triglyceride-Glucose Index (TyG index) and HbA1c are metabolic risk factors associated with insulin resistance (IR), which have been confirmed to be independently correlated with the incidence of hypertension. However, there is limited research specifically focusing on the interaction between these two metabolic risk factors in hypertensive populations. Currently, it remains unclear how the metabolic indicators TyG index and HbA1c affect BP control in individuals with hypertension. This study aims to investigate the value and interaction of TyG index and HbA1c in blood pressure (BP) control among hypertensive patients. The results are conducive to enhancing the effectiveness of clinical BP control for individuals with hypertension. This cohort study included 99,336 adults diagnosed with hypertension. Participants were grouped according to the median of TyG index and HbA1c. The main endpoint is inadequate BP control. Multivariable-adjusted risk ratios and multivariable Cox regression analysis were used to represent the relationship between BP control levels and metabolic risk factors. Finally, we evaluated the interaction between TyG index and HbA1c in the population with inadequate BP control. This study confirmed that TyG index and HbA1c, as metabolic risk factors, are independently associated with poor BP control (P < 0.05). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, it was found that TyG index and HbA1c were significantly associated with poor BP control. In the male elderly population, HbA1c was significantly associated with poor BP control (P = 0.029).

Unravelling the threads: understanding the interplay of Cultural values, female workforce engagement, human development index and suicide rates.

Suicide is a major public health problem across the world. Extensive research on the field shows that suicide is affected by several sociological, economic, and cultural risk factors. Over the last century, social changes have driven the reshaping of traditional gender roles, often in an uneven fashion, strongly depending on context. This study proposes updated findings on the impact that changes in traditional gender roles could have on suicide rates METHODS: It will do so by examining the correlation between female labor force participation (FLPR) and sex-specific suicide rates. Moreover, it will examine this association depending on human development (HDI) and Hofstede's individualism index. To do so, data from 2010 to 2019 from 47 countries is collected from the WHO, ILOSTAT and UN agencies' websites. Analysis show a significant interaction between FLPR, HDI and individualism index scores on male suicide rates (p = 0.002). There is a negative association between FLPR and male suicide rates in relatively lower HDI countries, while in very high HDI countries an increase in FLPR is correlated with an increase in male suicide rates. Similar trends but no significant interaction is observed for female suicide rates. This study suggests that female participation is beneficial for male population as it reduces male suicide rates. However, this association appears to be context dependent. In countries where institutional adjustment is already established, and human development is very high, other factors might be of interest in examining the trends of suicide rates among men and women.