Male Persons Research Articles

Measuring the Validity of a High-stakes English Test in Bangladesh: An Empirical Approach

The SSC English examination is a high-stakes test in Bangladesh because its scores are used to make decisions about the admission, placement, or graduation of students. This study evaluated the empirical validity of the SSC English examination using the correlation coefficient formula by Pearson’s R. The researchers employed a quantitative approach to conducting the research. Data were collected from eight education boards located in Dhaka, Rajshahi, Barisal, Chattogram, Comilla, Dinajpur, Jessore, and Sylhet. The present study used “Simple Random Sampling” while selecting the respondents. The respondents of the study were eighty SSC students. The researcher selected five students from each school. The researcher chose two schools from each education board; one is from a rural area, and another is from an urban area. The respondents were balanced between urban and rural, male and female persons. The findings of the study revealed that the validity of the SSC English test of each education board was subpar. Based on the findings, some recommendations were put forward to improve the SSC English examination in Bangladesh. Notably, the SSC English test items should examine the learners’ cognitive skills, such as thinking, remembering, and reasoning. The question setter should follow the authorized textbook to make a final question to ensure the validity of the test. Moreover, according to the guidelines of the NCTB (2012), candidates’ speaking and listening skills should be measured through continuous assessment. Furthermore, continuous assessment marks could be added to finalize the candidates’ GPA (Grade Point Average) in the summative assessment. The authority ought to train the scorers. The education board should allow the scorers enough time to mark the scripts contentedly to ensure the pragmatism of the test. Moreover, the teachers should teach to the curriculum, not to the test.

SLEEP DISORDERS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO OBESITY LEVELS AMONG THE HEALTH CLUB GOERS IN KARAK GOVERNERATE, JORDAN

The study identified the level of sleep disorders and its relationship to the levels of physical changes, associated with obesity, among health club-goers in the Karak governorate, Jordan. The descriptive approach was applied for its advantages related to the enrichment of research, besides its ability to classify the segents accurately for later analysis , and due to its relevance to the nature and objectives of the study. The study population consisted of health club-goers in the Karak governorate, while the sample was selected by the intentional approach and consisted of 9 obese male persons. The study tools included a scale of sleep disorders and an Inbody, a device to measure the physical components related to obesity. The results of the study indicated that the level of sleep disorders among health club goers in the Karak governorate obtained a high degree, while the levels of the physical components related to obesity (body weight, muscle weight, fat weight, body water weight, body fat percentage, abdominal and buttock fat) were all high and far from ideal levels and ratios, and the average percentages for the case of all sample members were negative. There was a high positive correlation between sleep disorders and obesity. The study recommends conducting similar studies to identify the causes and factors of sleep disorder. Keywords: Sleep Disorders, Obesity, Health Club Goers DOI： https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.58.2.5

COMPLICATIONS AFTER PENIS ENHANCEMENT WITH HYALURONIC ACID: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Introduction. The penis is a symbol of the primal sense of male fertility and sexual activity, which affects the sense of male personality and the ability to satisfy a partner. Some patients experience discomfort, even if their penis is within the normal size range from an anatomical point of view. The reason for the spread of penis enlargement procedures is related to the feeling of masculinity that the appearance of the genitals can give a man, as well as a changed perception of his body. Penis enlargement procedures are becoming more and more common among men who seek to achieve a more desirable aesthetic of their male organ. In addition, penis enlargement methods remain a controversial issue, as they do not have clear indications and can cause complications. Materials and methods. This study reviewed the literature on complications after penile enhancement with hyaluronic acid (HA). To achieve this goal, we conducted a systematic search for scientific medical information in English-language databases such as MEDLINE, Embase, AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine), and HMIC (Health Management Information Consortium). We analyzed all articles that met the specified search parameters. In addition, we manually searched for relevant references in the found texts. Results. The use of HA injections for penis enlargement in men shows a low rate of complications both in the early- and long-term period after the procedure. In a small percentage of patients, early and expected side effects included swelling, bruising, subcutaneous nodules, and infections. In this work, radical ways of their correction are proposed for all types of complications, which makes the use of HA safe and effective for penis enlargement. Conclusions. Nowadays, there is a lack of high-level evidence-based information on complications after HA injections. Due to the growing demand for these procedures, the issue of their safety is relevant. According to the available statistics, the overall incidence of complications after HA injections is spontaneous without further side effects. If complications are detected, the prognosis after treatment is satisfactory. As a result, there are no standardized surgical protocols and recommendations for penile enhancement with hyaluronic acid in the world.

Involvement of Women in Politics and Their Empowerment: A Sociological Study in Madaripur District, Bangladesh

Like all over the world in Bangladesh especially in Madaripur Sadar, women have been involving in politics with the passage of democratic revolution. They have participated in politics for their empowerment in political and other sectors. The purpose of the study was to investigate the actual empowerment of the women who were involved in politics either elected on non-elected, by identifying their decision making and controlling power over political party and family. 120 respondents up to 18 years old were selected as sample from the study area following cluster and purposive sampling procedure. This study has been conducted by both qualitative and quantitative data. Although there were some limitations of the researcher like limited time and resources, limited access to resources, limited information and so on, it has been found valuable result. Such as many women have been involving in politics in recent years but they have not been empowered actually. Because, they depend on male persons of the party and are controlled by senior male leaders. Most of the women are elected in their areas in different elections with the help of the popularity of their father or husband. They have participated in the election for the reserved seats. Sometimes, they are known to the general people by the name of their father or husband. Even though they are political leaders, they have no control over the family members. But almost all of them said that political participation has empowered them although a large portion of the respondents said the difficulties of doing politics besides male.

The Impact of Sex and Gender in Medicine and Pharmacology.

Sex and gender play a pivotal role in health and disease. Differences can be identified in symptoms, biomarkers, lifetime experiences of diseases, incidence, prevalence, therapeutic options, health-related behavior, and resiliency. However, awareness of sex and gender differences in medicine is still limited. Systematic implementation of sex and gender-sensitive research is not yet the norm, resulting in gaps in evidence especially in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in women. For decades research has predominantly included male persons and animals, leading to a lack of information about symptoms in female individuals or the classification of their symptoms as "atypical". Currently, the inclusion of female participants in clinical marketing access trials is mandatory. However, this does not automatically translate into sex-disaggregated analyses potentially limiting the discovery of sex-specific targeted therapeutic schemes. Consistent consideration of sex and gender in planning, conducting, analyzing, and dissemination of pharmacological research projects is an important prerequisite for closing the gender data gap. Targeted implementation strategies might help to include sex and gender aspects in different parts of the health system and thereby support the improvement of health care for all patients. Health economic aspects could be a further drive for the implementation of sex- and gender-sensitive medicine.The current chapter focuses on the role of sex and gender in biomedical research and, consequently, their potential role in pharmacology. We will explore the commonly used terminology in the field, the historical development of sex and gender-sensitive medicine (SGSM), the relevance of sex and gender to research and clinical practice and conclude with an outlook on future developments in the field.

Harpun, pan mysz i Arnold Mocny – przykłady metafor męskości w felietonach Małgorzaty Domagalik

The paper presents the feminist and the traditional metaphors of masculinity using examples from Małgorzata Domagalik’s subjective texts. The columnist shows three types of male personalities: Harpun (Harpoon), pan mysz (mister mouse) and Arnold Mocny (Arnold the Strong). Harpoon is a weapon in the fight against stereotypes whereas mister mouse is man out of his depth, who doesn’t show any traditional masculine traits. On the other side Arnold the Strong is a personification of male strength. The methodological structure is based on a linguistic and cultural analysis of metaphors shown in Małgorzata Domagalik’s columns.

Efficacy of Yoga Therapy on Psychological Variables in Male Persons with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN)

The purpose of this study was to conduct a descriptive analysis of the recognized efficacy of yoga therapy on psychological variables in male persons with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). The sources of stress among person at 30 males with diabetic peripheral neuropathy were chosen for the study from the Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu in India were researched. To determine how stress sources are received by male persons with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Studies on DPN participants have examined important psychological variables such as Stress and Anxiety. When receiving yoga therapy, Participants with diabetic peripheral neuropathy had improved Mind function and decreased their DPN level: symptom Stress and Anxiety levels among patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). The Participants were given a Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) questionnaire. The PSS had ten objects rated on a 5-point scale, with 0 being the least stressful and four being the most stressful, and The GAD had seven objects rated on a 4-point scale, with 0 being the least Anxiety and 3 being the most Anxiety. Thirty males with diabetic peripheral neuropathy were chosen for the study randomly; they were between the ages of 35 and 70. Two groups were formed from the selected subjects. There were fifteen in each group. one underwent experimental groups(n=15) another underwent control group (n=15). Group- I received a Yoga therapy practice, and Group II underwent it without any practice. The 12-week training period, six days per week, an hour in the morning. To determine the way to deal with stress through Yoga. This study showed that individuals who participated in the yoga module performed better than Control Group II. Yoga Therapy performed much better in Experimental Group I. After practising Yoga for 12 weeks, the experimental group shows better results in psychological characteristics. According to our data, the Yoga practice group benefited more than the control group. The experimental group was significantly less Stressed and Anxiety. On the other hand, the control group showed a modest increase but no improvement. Our data support this notion. Improved mindfulness, which includes specific components for processing experience, being less self-critical and empathetic to themselves, and not over-identifying with Stress and Anxiety, was connected to greater impact in the Yoga practice group. This research study reveals that Yoga Therapy was a significantly more effective treatment for DPN.

THE FACE OF ELDER ABUSE IN AFRICA: THE NIGERIAN PERSPECTIVE

Abstract Elder abuse is increasingly recognized as a serious problem in many African societies, including Nigeria. Contributing factors include a high level of poverty, unemployment, diminished availability, willingness, and ability of primary caregivers to provide for their older persons. Traditionally, elder abuse is considered taboo, and high secrecy surrounding its occurrence further contributes to challenges reporting and addressing the problem. Additionally, the patriarchal nature of the Nigerian society accounts for the gender-based differences in forms of abuse experienced with increased vulnerability among older women. This paper presents case studies that typify the experience of abuse among male and female older persons. The prevalence rates of abuse are drawn from community surveys across the six geopolitical zones. Although the methodologies vary, the total prevalence of any form of abuse experienced ranged from 30-81.1%. However, most studies relied on self-reports with no attempts at verification or data and records for triangulation of information.

Badiiy matnda lisoniy shaxsni belgilashning gender omili

The new field of lingopersonology linguistically explores each per-son. Manifestation of the linguistic personality in the literary text is caused by several factors. In this article, the concept of gender in linguistics, the views of the female and male linguistic personality are studied, also the issue of the role of gender factors in determining the linguistic personal-ity is highlighted in the literary. Peculiarities in the formation of the lin-guistic personality are analyzed in the literary text. The embodiment of a linguistic personality in a literary, it is important for the writer to be the owner of the language, and for the hero of the opposite sex, it is import-ant to understand the world, express it through language, understand the unique aspects of reflecting the value attitude. The article discusses the role of lexical and syntactic units for the formation of a female linguistic personality in the stories of Zulfiya the daughter of Kurolboy.

Barriers faced by trans men (female to male transgender persons) in gender transitioning in Pakistan

Introduction In 2012, transgender persons in Pakistan were granted right for a legal third gender identity, and in 2018 the Transgender Persons (Protection) of Rights Act affirmed transgender people’s right for self-perceived identity. Further, gender affirming medical treatments were also legalized to support gender transitioning in transgender persons. The current study was conducted to explore barriers faced by female-to-male (FtM) transgender persons/trans men in accessing gender affirmative treatment for the purposes of gender transition. Method To achieve the objective, 11 trans men were interviewed who had Childhood Onset of Gender Dysphoria screened through Urdu translated versions of Gender Identity/Gender Dysphoria Questionnaire for Adolescents and Adults and Recalled Childhood Gender Identity Questionnaire. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted and grounded theory method was used for analysis. Results Analysis revealed medical, educational, social, legal, religious, financial, and psychological barriers that participants faced during the process of transitioning. Conclusion Findings are discussed within the cultural context of Pakistan and in light of the existing literature. The findings of this research would help clinicians, academicians, policy makers and other stake holders in raising awareness regarding problems faced by FtM transgender persons.

Clinico-Epidemiological Profile of Allergic Contact Dermatitis and Its Correlation With Patch Testing in a Tertiary Care Center in Eastern India.

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is one of the most commonskin disorders seen among patients attending dermatology clinics in India. Patch testing is the gold standard for diagnosing ACD. The clinical-epidemiological pattern of ACD and the allergen-causing it may be different in different geographic locations. Finding the profile of allergens commonly causing ACD in a particular region will help to formulate prevention strategies for the development of ACD. The primary aim of the study was to find out the clinical-epidemiological distribution of allergic contact dermatitis and to identify the common allergens causing it by patch testing in this region of India. A total of 111 cases of ACD were included in the study. Clinico epidemiological profiles of all patients were documented. The patch testing was performed in the outpatient department using the antigens of the Indian Standard Series kit (Systopic Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India). Patches were removed after 48 hours (two days) of application. The first reading was taken 15 to 20 minutes after the removal of patches on day two.A second reading was taken on day four (96 hours of application) to confirm the presence of an allergic reaction. Results: The patch test was found to be positive in 69% of cases. It was observed that male persons from lower socioeconomic status were getting ACD on most accounts. Potassium dichromate (PDC) was found to be the most commonallergen (30.43%) followed by parthenium (26.08%), para-phenylenediamine (PPD) (21.73%), nickel sulfate (18.84%), chlorocresol (15.94%), black rubber (14.49%), cobalt sulfate (13.04%), and wool alcohols (7.24%) respectively. Our study showed potassium dichromate is the commonest allergen causing ACD in this part of the country. The importance of patch testing lies mainly in educating the patient regarding the avoidance of exposure to particular allergens to avoid the development of new ACD as well as an exaggeration of pre-existing ACD.

Effect of Brand Strategy on Co- Shopping of Mother and Daughter in Bangladesh: Potentials, Challenges, and Solutions

In Bangladesh, the total domestic clothing market is not small. Especially women's clothing market is much bigger than others. There is a significant impact of mother-daughter co-shopping on women's clothing purchasing. But unfortunately, no brand line has been started, or no branding strategy has been taken on targeting this huge market segment. Traditionally there is a trend of mother-daughter co-shopping, not only in Bangladesh but worldwide. And usually, when family shopping occurs, women of the families do this shopping, where the mother, daughter, and sisters are present in that shopping. So, it is very typical that mother-daughter will go shopping together whereas male persons of the family do not usually do their shopping together. A male person used to go shopping most of the time individually. So, it can easily be said that there is a vast market potential for this mother-daughter co- shopping. This report will identify the market potentials, impacts, challenges, and solutions of mother-daughter co-shopping branding in Bangladesh. This report has been made based on 30 women interviews from different shopping malls in Dhaka and market analysis from various market reports on the domestic clothing market.

Gender-Role Features of Identity Crisis in Persons with Non-Traditional Sexual Orientation

The article presents a study of gender-role features of crisis identity in persons with non-traditional sexual orientation. A number of definitions of identity are given based on the analysis of foreign and domestic works. It is noted that the identity of a person is determined by individual typological factors that determine the functioning of the subject in the social space. The characteristic of the identity of persons with non-traditional sexual orientation is given. The results of an empirical study of gender-role features of crisis identity in persons with non-traditional sexual orientation are presented, according to which male persons with non-traditional sexual orientation are characterized by higher indicators of crisis identity compared to women. In the course of the study, gender-role differences of crisis identity were revealed in relation to such components as the presence of negative triggers, relationships in professional, family and interpersonal spheres, as well as in emotional and behavioral aspects.

Characteristics and depressive symptoms among self-reported HIV infection through heterosexual transmission men who have sex with men

Objective: To understand the characteristics and depressive status of men who have sex with men (MSM) who self-reported HIV infection through heterosexual transmission and to provide evidence for personalized management of HIV infected people. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in Shandong province from September to December in 2019. Male HIV patients aged ≥15 years who self-reported HIV infection through heterosexual transmission were selected to verify the route of infection by one-to-one interview in Ji'nan, Qingdao, Weifang and Linyi cities of Shangdong province. According to the 1∶1 ratio, local HIV patients with age difference ≤3 years who self-reported MSM were selected as controls. A questionnaire survey was conducted, including data on demographic characteristics, behavior status, CES-D and PSSS. The related factors of the depressive symptoms and characteristics were analyzed. Results: A total of 373 male HIV patients were interviewed, and 39.7%(148/373) were confirmed as MSM after reexamination. The interviewers were: aged (40.3±12.0) years old, 41.9% (62/148) married/cohabiting. 27.0% (40/148) had been tested before HIV diagnosis, 71.6% (106/148) had homosexual partners ≥2 and 55.4% (82/148) had depressive symptom. Multivariate analysis showed that the MSM without HIV testings before diagnosis, had homosexual partners ≥2 before diagnosis, had first homosexual behavior at the age >30 years old and with depressive symptoms were more likely to conceal the true infection route. The incidence of depression among MSM who self-reported HIV infection through heterosexual transmission was related to physical health status social support and occupational stability. Conclusions: Some male HIV persons self-reported as being heterosexually transmitted were really transmitted through homosexual behavior. There were high-risk behaviors such as multiple partners and intersex among this group, and with high incidence of depression. It is necessary to encourage the reexamination program during follow-up and target on psychological and behavioral interventions, continuously.

A Comparative Study to Assess the Knowledge and Practices of Adults Towards use of Latrine Among Rural and Urban Area

One of the biggest challenges in making the country Open Defecation Free is triggering behavioral changes in the population to accept the need for building and using toilets, in reality toilets mean health and economic benefits, and improvements to human dignity, but we need the perception of toilets to match this reality. Keeping clean and disposing of human waste (feces and urine) are necessary for good health. If they are not taken care of in a safe way, our feces and urine can pollute the environment and cause serious health problems, Illnesses caused by germs and worms in feces are a constant source of discomfort for millions of people. More than reducing levels of infection and disease, however, the sanitary importance of toilets offers an increased sense of dignity. To make India open defecation-free, we need to shift the prevailing mindset and attitude about toilet use and change behavior by repositioning the toilet — from a dark, dirty and smelly room to a “happy room,” with perceived status, social and convenience benefits. Both male and female person, adults, who are responsible or decision maker as the head of the family, irrespective of their age, play an important role to improve the sanitation in the family, it will be better in improving health and other conditions of their family members which leads to develop the state as well as country. Materials and Methods: A comparative descriptive research design to find out knowledge and practice of adults towards use of latrine among rural and urban area with a view to develops an .The study conducted on 50samples each from rural and urban area. Data was collected in the month of January to June 2022. Data was collected using structured questionnaire to find out knowledge and practice of adults towards use of latrine among rural and urban area. Results: The data revealed that, the number of adults of rural area was between 20-25 years of age group (28%),26-30(28%),36-40 (28%),and 31-35 yrs. of age group was (14%). and in urban area 31-35 yrs. of age group was(28 %),20-25 &26-30 was (26%) and 36-40 was (20%). More than half of the participants from rural area were female (72%) and from urban area were 54%. Maximum participants from rural area, their educational qualification in between 1-9th class was (50%) and from urban area was higher education (84%). Maximum number of participants from both rural (94%) and urban (82%) having own house land Majority of samples are Housewife (31.66%). Majority of samples from both rural (78%) and urban (90%) were belongs to Hindu religion. Majority of samples from rural area having monthly income between 1001-4000 rupees was (60%) and from urban area was above 7000(66%). Most of the participants were included in other occupation. In rural (52%) and urban (44%). Participants of rural area got majority of health information from health personals (38%) and of urban area from mass media (60%). Statistical Analysis showed that mean of rural adults knowledge regarding use of latrine is (12.24) less than urban adults knowledge regarding use of latrine (20). Mean % of rural adults knowledge regarding use of latrine is (51%) is less than adults residing in urban area (93.18) and mean difference is 32.33%.Standard deviation of rural adults is (4.28) and urban adults is (2.46). Z value is (2.48).Statistical Analysis also showed that mean of rural adults practices regarding use of latrine is (32.78) less than urban adults practices regarding use of latrine (50.32). Mean % of rural adults practices regarding use of latrine is (60.70) is less than adults residing in urban area (93.18) and mean difference is 32.48 .Standard deviation of rural adults is (9.90) and urban adults is (2.48). Z value is (0.95). Conclusion: After the detailed analysis of the study findings showed that knowledge of rural adults is less than knowledge of urban adults regarding use of latrine. The practices of rural adults is less than the practices of urban adults regarding use of latrine. There is a significant association between demographic variables and knowledge and practices of adults towards use of latrine among rural and urban area.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising from Remnant of Mullerian Duct With 47XYY Karyotype – Rare Case

Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is a rare type of male pseudohermaphroditism characterized by the presence of Mullerian derivatives (uterus, fallopian tubes and upper vagina), cryptorchidism either unilateral or bilateral along with inguinal hernia in a phenotypically and genotypically male person. PMDS is rarely associated with malignancies, the most common being testicular germ cell tumours. Occasional case of Adenocarcinoma arising in the PMD remnant structure is reported.
 We report an unusual case of male type of PMDS with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising from PMD derivatives and presented with hematuria Also, this patient had karyotype of 47XYY (Jacob syndrome). Both these are hitherto unreported in English literature to the best of our knowledge.

“Greasy Thumb”—The Man Who Made the Chicago Mob

“Greasy Thumb”—The Man Who Made the Chicago Mob

Interaction of job-related psychological flexibility, coping style and personality types in depression in Chinese physicians: A cross-section study.

To investigate the associations of job-related psychological flexibility, coping style and personality types with and their interactions in depression in Chinese physicians. A cross-sectional survey of 444 physicians was conducted by using the convenience sampling method in the municipal hospitals in Zhengzhou, Henan province. Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression, Work-related Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revision Short Scale of China were administered to each participant. Depression tendency scores were significantly higher in healthcare workers with intermediate title, age 31 and older, introvert unstable personality than other counterparts, (P < .01). Female and extrovert stable healthcare workers had significantly higher coping score than male and other personality types (P < .05). The scores of job-related psychological flexibility in healthcare workers with Introvert Stable or working in emergency department were significantly higher than their counterparts (P < .01). General linear model algorithm of machine learning showed that Extrovert Unstable was the main risk factor for depression (β = 6.74), followed by Extrovert Stable (β = −4.90), negative coping, positive coping, and length of service. Multivariate regression models showed that a significant interaction existed between coping style, work-related psychological flexibility and Extroversion (β = −0.103, P < .05), independently explaining 0.7% variance of depression, and that a significant interaction existed between coping style, work-related psychological flexibility and neuroticism (β = 0.116, P < .05), independently explaining 1.0% variance of depression. Interactions existed between personality types, coping style and work-related psychological flexibility in depression tendency in Chinese healthcare workers, with neuroticism (extrovert unstable) being a risk factor and extroversion (extrovert stable) being a protective factor. Precision prevention strategies could be made based on personality types to reduce depression in health workers.

Co-responsibility between Men and Women in Marriage and Family. Some Anthropological Bases

Today there is a generalized opinion according to which there would be equality between menand women in the workforce and the political society to the extent that there is co-responsibility between both of them in domestic tasks. The difficulty in achieving this goal hasbeen due to a certain predominant individualistic culture, from which a model of co-responsibility is proposed that it does not take into account equality and difference betweenthe male person and the female person. The unequal treatment suffered by women in theseareas would be better resolved from a culture of loving complementarity between both sexes.

When to discharge and when to voluntary or compulsory hospitalize? Factors associated with treatment decision after self-harm

Clinicians assessing suicidal patients in emergency departments (EDs) must decide whether to admit the person to a psychiatric ward with voluntary or compulsory hospitalization or to discharge him/her as an outpatient. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify independent predictors of this decision among a large sample of self-harm (SH) patients. It used data from all patients admitted to four Swiss EDs between 2016 and 2019. Socio-demographic, clinical, and suicidal process-related characteristics data were evaluated against the decision for voluntary or compulsory hospitalization using t-tests, Chi-Square tests and logistic multiple regression. 2142 episodes from 1832 unique patients were evaluated. Independent predictors of decision to hospitalize included: male gender, advanced age, hospital location, depression and personality disorders, substance use, a difficult socio-economic condition, a clear intent to die, and a serious suicide attempt. Significant variables that emerged as independent predictors of compulsory hospitalization were hospital location, not having anxiety and personality disorders, being retired, having a clear intent to die, and making a serious suicide attempt. Hospital EDs had different rates of compulsory psychiatric admission. However, the decision to admit a patient for hospitalization, either voluntary or compulsory, was mainly based on clinical factors.