Male Masturbation Research Articles

Development and Validation of the Chinese Version of The Masturbation Beliefs Scale.

BackgroundNegative experiences of and beliefs regarding masturbation frequently affect people's psychological well-being and health behaviors, but there is currently no specific assessment tool to measure Chinese people's beliefs about masturbation.AimThe goal of the present study was to develop a brief scale (the Masturbation Beliefs Scale, BMS) for Chinese university students.MethodsThe BMS was developed and administered online to 2 different samples, with a total sample of 3,231 respondents (1,527 males and 1,704 females). The items were formulated based on previous qualitative research data. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed.OutcomesThe BMS scale contains 3 dimensions with good internal consistency and construct validity, which can well measure Chinese people's belief about masturbation.ResultsThe results of the two samples showed that the 17-item culturally based BMS demonstrated good internal consistency and construct validity. Three factors capturing university students’ beliefs regarding masturbation emerged. The 3 factors were labeled beliefs about male masturbation (BAMM), beliefs about female masturbation (BAFM), and negative affect toward masturbation (NATM). The participants’ culturally based masturbation beliefs were negatively related to independent self-construal and sexual compulsivity. In addition, their culturally based masturbation beliefs consistently predicted their likelihood of premarital sexual behavior.Clinical TranslationClinicians and researchers could utilize this culturally sensitive instrument to evaluate individuals’ experiences of masturbation, which could help clinicians deliver efficacious sex therapy and sexual education to individuals who have misconceptions or phobias regarding masturbation.Strengths and limitationsThe scale is an innovative tool that measures culturally relevant beliefs regarding masturbation among Chinese students. A limitation of this study is that several constructs were measured by single questions. This may attenuate the estimated correlation since single items are less reliable than multiple-item scales.ConclusionThe present research demonstrates that a culturally sensitive scale is necessary to understand the culturally based values that influence university students’ beliefs regarding masturbation and sexual behavior.Ren Z, Liu Y, Deng J. Development and Validation of the Chinese Version of The Masturbation Beliefs Scale. Sex Med 2022;10:100501.

Sex, Law, and the Politics of Age Child Marriage in India, 1891–1937 by Ishita Pande

Reviewed by: Sex, Law, and the Politics of Age Child Marriage in India, 1891–1937 by Ishita Pande Divya Kannan Sex, Law, and the Politics of Age Child Marriage in India, 1891–1937 By Ishita Pande. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. This book is a reminder of how the past continues to resonate in contemporary debates involving young people in society. Tracing the complex relationships between law and childhood through a micro-history of the Child Marriage Restraint Act of 1929 (CMRA), Ishita Pande assembles a wide range of archival evidence to destabilise notions of age as a natural phenomenon and critiques liberal legal frameworks for anchoring it. Departing from earlier feminist historical scholarship that has tended to subsume the figure of the child within the “woman’s question” in the late nineteenth and early twentieth-century India, Pande interrogates chronological age to highlight its inherent fuzziness in constituting childhood as a governable site and pries open the language of liberal law. Divided into three key sections with six richly detailed chapters, this nuanced theoretical narrative pulls together diverse historiographical strands, particularly from feminist legal theory, childhood and sexuality. The first section on juridical and autoptic childhoods draws substantially from the author’s previous scholarship. Here, she brings the reader’s attention to comprehend the nature and extent to which young girls’ bodies were subject to forensic scrutiny in a prejudicial racialised manner and ways in which colonial medicalised classifications of age inscribed new forms of violence on them. Pointing to the tragic case of Phulmoni Dasee, a young girl raped to death by her husband on their wedding night, along with other cases of child-wives, the autoptic and juridical child described by Pande is borne out of colonial projects of knowledge production central to legal attempts to consolidate age as a natural “fact” of life. Her illuminating analysis of various census statistics on children’s ages, medical charts and legal judgments reveals the fixation of liberal law with concretising chronological age despite the evident inherent messiness of statistics related to births and puberty of children in colonial India. The sexualised representations of child-wives, reduced to medical evidence appropriate to these narrow legal readings, accommodated orthodox community practices more than the health and well-being of young girls. Moving slightly away from the legal realm in the second section, Pande provokes the reader to reflect on whom the CMRA intended to protect through a subsequent discussion on sexology. Adding to the recent scholarship such as that of Durba Mitra’s Indian Sex Life and Ashwini Tambe’s Defining Girlhood in India on probing sexuality as foundational to colonial rule, Pande shows the blurring of the public-private dichotomy as sex-educators writing in Hindi and English debated child sexuality to address anxieties regarding “sexually precocious young girls” and excessive male masturbation.1 One may wonder what connects sexology to the debates around CMRA during this period, but Pande deftly demonstrates how sex was conceived as work bound within the “internalisation of the discipline of clock -time” (185) in these writings which attempted to establish age-graded appropriate sexual behaviour. In separating the “child” from the “adult,” notions such as brahmacharya in Hindu ritual discourse was reformulated in a hybrid version suitable for adolescent boys and girls. Here, Pande situates her strategy of reading sideways within a wider canvas and links Hindu sex-education with the circulation of norms of heterosexual monogamy and reproductive normality (185–188). During the debates on the CMRA, such sex-education literature that sought to “sort boys from the men,” simultaneously proclaimed adolescent male innocence, and invited extended state protection for them. The final section of the book deals with the Othering of the Muslim as a deviant form in the discussions on child marriage in India during the time of the CMRA. In critiquing the liberal frameworks of secularism, Pande forays into an arena that has largely been understudied in feminist scholarship on India. She devotes considerable attention towards understanding the challenges posed to the CMRA by alternate readings of the age of consent and marriage under colonial Islamic law in north India. Her analysis of the cases involving young Muslim wives shows...

Evolució i expressió de la sexualitat medieval

Parcourir l'expression de la sexualité humaine tout au long du Moyen-Age a permis d'y apporter de nouvelles interprétations. A la méfiance envers le sexe, état de pensée propre au Haut Moyen-Age, succède le Bas Moyen-Age, époque qui accepte la sexualité comme une fonction nécessaire pour la procréation, influencée en cela par la médecine arabe, la physique aristotélicienne et les exposés philoso­phiques et théologiques dérivés d'abord de la scholastique et, plus tard, du nomi­nalisme. Une vision théologique de la fonction sexuelle s'impose: elle est considérée bonne si elle s'applique dans l'unique fin de procréer. De là dérive une obsession pour la conduite (l'utilisation) du sperme. Sont considérées comme correctes les expressions sexuelles qui garantissent son passage du corps de l'hom­me vers celui de la femme, où il devra germer. L'utilisation de la sexualité qui n'a pas cette finalité est considérée contre nature, en commençant par l'homosexualité masculine et en y incluant toutes les formes qui gaspillent le sperme (masturba­tion masculine, bestialité). Les relations sexuelles considérées comme normales se définissent par l'hétérosexualité exogame, qui n'a pas de rapport avec des groupes ethno-religieux différents et utilisant, uniquement, la pénétration vaginale. Cette relation doit se dérouler dans le cadre d'un mariage chrétien à la manière dont il s'est imposé au milieu du Moyen-Age. On réserve toujours les parcelles dominan­tes a l'homme et les domestiques à la femme. Elle perd progressivement de la con­sidération au Bas Moyen-Age, poussée tant au niveau de la féodalité que des groupes urbains, par l'agnation sur le premier né masculin et par le discours inte­llectuel contraire.

Assessing gender-specificity of clitoral responses

Androphilic (i.e., sexually attracted to men) women’s vaginal and vulvar responses tend to be gender-nonspecific, meaning that their genital responses to male and female sexual stimuli are relatively similar. Men’s genital responses are gender-specific, in that penile responses are greater to preferred sexual stimuli than nonpreferred sexual stimuli. To date, however, no research has been conducted on the specificity of clitoral responses (i.e., the organ homologous to the penis). The purpose of the current study was to assess gender-specificity of self-reported sexual arousal, vaginal, and clitoral responses in androphilic women. We expected women’s self-reported and vaginal responses to be gender-nonspecific and their clitoral responses to be gender-specific. Forty androphilic women were presented with 90 second sexual (female masturbation and male masturbation) and neutral (nature scene) audio-visual stimuli. Responses were recorded continuously throughout the stimuli using a keypad and combination vaginal and clitoral photoplethysmograph. Consistent with our predictions, self-reported sexual arousal and vaginal responses were gender-nonspecific, such that androphilic women responded similarly to the male and female masturbation stimuli. Counter to our prediction, clitoral responses were also gender-nonspecific. Given that this is the first study to use clitoral photoplethysmography to assess gender-specificity, we discuss the results in the larger context of sexual psychophysiological research, including the importance of contextual features in stimuli, and offer directions for future research.

CAROL RAMA, ENTRE A SEXUALIDADE, A LOUCURA E A DOR

Por longo tempo ignorada pelos críticos da arte, a produção artística de Carol Rama (1918- 2015) ganha destaque em exposições e nas interpretações feministas. Sobressaem, em sua obra, temas relacionados à sexualidade, à fantasia erótica, à lascívia na relação entre os gêneros, à masturbação masculina e à exposição sensualizada de corpos nus, associados à loucura e à perversão sexual. As reflexões e os operadores conceituais de Foucault permitem lançar um olhar mais aprofundado a essa produção artística transgressora e evidenciar a crítica contundente que a artista italiana lança ao dispositivo da sexualidade, ao biopoder e à ciência eugenista. Como bem mostrou o filósofo, em sua leitura crítica tanto da ciência médica quanto do cristianismo, desde o século XIX, os processos normalizadores se apoiaram em noções médico-psiquiátricas, como a de psychopatia sexualis, reatualizando narrativas misóginas sobre o pecado original e a figura de Eva, quase sempre acompanhada pela serpente. Exploro esses temas a partir da arte pictórica de Carol Rama, vista como prática da liberdade feminina.

The Organ of Tactility: Fantasy, Image, and Male Masturbation

This article explores the interplay of fantasy and image in male solitary masturbation in the virtual age. Online pornography has drastically changed the intimate relationship between the hand and the penis. The case of a 17-year-old boy and his excessive use of Internet pornography is used to highlight pornography’s impact on a person’s well-being and neurology. A brief exploration of three histories of masturbation shows how the discourse on masturbation often serves political agendas and addresses the central role of sexual fantasy in the practice. Sexual fantasy is explored through the research of British psychoanalyst Brett Kahr. To examine the significance of the eye in pornography, philosopher Michael Taussig’s concept of “the eye as the organ of tactility” is discussed. The essay concludes by offering a framework for discerning whether masturbating to images might be disordered or not. Fantasy, which is nonvisual sexual arousal, can relieve a person from the tyranny of the eye and of compulsive masturbation.

Male masturbation device for the treatment of delayed ejaculation: A case report

Delayed ejaculation is a rare condition with different etiologies. Majority of cases of delayed ejaculation have a strong psychological/behavior component. A 48-year-old male with a diagnostic of delayed ejaculation acquired was encouraged to make an exercise protocol using a masturbation device for 8 wk, the percentage of intercourse successful a month after finish protocol exercise was 81%.

Male masturbation device for the treatment of premature ejaculation

To determine the efficiency as a treatment of the first line masturbator aid device for patients with premature ejaculation (PE). A whole of 18 cases with lifelong PE used a masturbator TENGA, 5 times per week for 6 weeks and a minimum of 5 min for every use. Premature Ejaculation Profile (PEP) was used to measure the effects of its use. As a main outcome measure was used the proportion of patients who achieved criteria for clinical benefit, defined as achieving a two-category or greater increase in the change in control over ejaculation and level of satisfaction with intercourse, and a one-category or greater increase in the change in ejaculation-related distress and degree of interpersonal difficulty. The proportion of man who achieved the criteria for clinical benefit were 83% in control over ejaculation during sexual intercourse, 72% in ejaculation distress and interpersonal difficulties and men's lower proportion met criteria was in satisfaction with sexual intercourse (33%). The patients who used the device Flip Hole increased of significant form the control grade on the ejaculation, and its interpersonal ejaculation distress and they reduced difficulties. To further evaluate the validity of these claims, randomized controlled trials should occur.

Filipino Adolescents’ Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors: Results from a University Cohort

This research describes the sexual attitudes and behaviors of a cohort of adolescents, 15–24 years old, attending a large state university in Manila, Philippines (N = 1,412). Results revealed high percentages for both male and female adolescents who still value virginity, and disclosed disagreement with premarital sex (PMS), multiple sex, casual sex, pornography, cohabitation, same-sex relationship, petting and female masturbation. However, male masturbation, necking, and holding hands and kissing were found to be acceptable. Results likewise indicated an increase in adolescents who engaged in PMS over time, although generally low (27.7%) compared to the findings of other studies. Of those who have engaged in PMS, 80% did not use condom, which puts the adolescents into risks of unplanned pregnancy and exposure to STIs or HIV. The study also examined the correlates and predictors of sexual behaviors of a cohort of students. Fourteen variables served as independent/predictive factors in the analyses. The dependent variable was their scores on self-report sexual behaviors measured on a Likert Scale. Six of the predictive factors (gender, sexual preference, age, school allowance, monthly family income, and attitude towards sex) were significantly correlated with sexual behavior. Stepwise regression analyses identified only four factors - attitude towards sex, monthly family income, gender, and sexual preference - as significant predictors of sexual behaviors. This composite term explains 16.1% of the total variance, with the overall equation significant at p < .001. Implications for adolescent sexuality and reproductive health programs and future research were noted. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2013.v2n8p719

Effect of mating activity and dominance rank on male masturbation among free-ranging male rhesus macaques.

The adaptive function of male masturbation is still poorly understood, despite its high prevalence in humans and other animals. In non-human primates, male masturbation is most frequent among anthropoid monkeys and apes living in multimale-multifemale groups with a promiscuous mating system. In these species, male masturbation may be a non-functional by-product of high sexual arousal or be adaptive by providing advantages in terms of sperm competition or by decreasing the risk of sexually transmitted infections. We investigated the possible functional significance of male masturbation using behavioral data collected on 21 free-ranging male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) at the peak of the mating season. We found some evidence that masturbation is linked to low mating opportunities: regardless of rank, males were most likely to be observed masturbating on days in which they were not observed mating, and lower-ranking males mated less and tended to masturbate more frequently than higher-ranking males. These results echo the findings obtained for two other species of macaques, but contrast those obtained in red colobus monkeys (Procolobus badius) and Cape ground squirrels (Xerus inauris). Interestingly, however, male masturbation events ended with ejaculation in only 15% of the observed masturbation time, suggesting that new hypotheses are needed to explain masturbation in this species. More studies are needed to establish whether male masturbation is adaptive and whether it serves similar or different functions in different sexually promiscuous species.

"My Slippery Place": Female Masturbation in Young Adult Literature

In young adult literature and in Western society in general, male masturbation usually is considered a facet of a healthy libido. But despite the American sexual revolution and the work of scholars in gender studies which seeks, in part, to liberate sexual activity and sexuality from restrictive and troubling ideologies, female masturbation—and especially teen female masturbation—still inspires anxiety and even fear. In The History of Sexuality, Michel Foucault famously argued that society is preoccup(ied) with sex (103), that it both titillates and terrifies. The result of this fear, according to Foucault, is that much of the ideology around and language used to describe sexual activity ultimately serves to both confine and regulate it. Despite the argument that young adult literature is saturated with transgressive content, depictions of female teen masturbation remain rarities within the genre. When it does appear, it generally remains situated within traditional, adult-centered values intended to contain and ultimately control teenage sexuality. Although it is important to acknowledge that the mere inclusion of female masturbation in young adult literature is both bold and progressive, in this essay I will analyze these constructions to highlight some of the ways in which these texts either defy or reinscribe contemporary anxieties about female sexuality and sexual activity. Currently, the majority of representations of female teen masturbation portray generalized, adult-sanctioned protagonists whose sexual actions are limited to brief plot points. In many cases, these characters learn about masturbation through authority figures such as parents, teachers, and older siblings, with the intention of preparing for sex—notably, with a male partner. Such transgressions are thus permissible, as these characters are training for and acting out of a desire to fit into current patriarchies. At the same time, there are in young adult literature a few representations of female teen char- acters preoccupied with sex, whose actions challenge dominant discourses, Katy Stein is an MA student at Longwood University, and is currently working on her thesis, Punishment and Praise: Grappling with Shyness in Children's and Young Adult Literature. She has presented at the Children's Literature Association's annual conference three times, and hopes to pursue a PhD in children's literature.

Obscuring Desire: A Special Pattern of Male Adolescent Masturbation, Internet Pornography, and the Flight From Meaning

The sexual development of adolescent boys is closely tied to masturbation. Erotic fantasies are used to work through conflicts concerning sexuality and gender. These fantasies may be extended, enriched, and socialized through a variety of means, including interactions with peers, various cultural means, and pornography. Adolescents also commonly defend against awareness of these conflicts by denying their significance and conceptualizing them as mere stimulants or concomitants of physiologic arousal. Internet pornography provides a particularly powerful means by which some adolescents can disguise or obliterate the meaning of personal masturbation fantasies and so be spared the anxiety associated with the fantasies and their conflicted meaning.

Sade, Masculinity, and Sexual Humiliation

During the eighteenth century, new ideals, theories, and practices of masculinity and sexuality developed in the countries of Northwestern Europe. This article discusses these ideals mainly using the example of the life and the works of the Marquis de Sade (1740-1814). While old ideals of Christian or noble masculinity demanded chastity or restraint and new Enlightened ones vigor and control, Sade's perspective that stressed sexual humiliation was in stark conflict with both the old and new ideas on male honor, masturbation, and same-sexual acts. The article discusses his life and some of his works before reviewing his philosophy and his views on masculinity and sexuality. It ends with the importance of Sade's work for his own times and for contemporary discussions.

Lady Parachutists and the End of Civilisation in Queensland

Brisbane was wiped off the face of the Earth and Queensland ceased to exist as a political entity under the combined military forces of Victoria and New South Wales during violent conflict at the end of the twentieth century. Brisbane was annihilated because of the un-Christian sins of its people, and the moral corruption of its leaders. The Queensland Defence Force was incapable of defending even itself, let alone defeating the invading troops. The pivotal event in this collapse concerned the alluring performances by a group of ‘lady parachutists’ who entertained the Queensland military forces, thereby distracting them and allowing the opposing forces to easily defeat them at the Battle of Fort Lytton.&#x0D; That, at least, is the key to the plot of Dr Thomas Pennington Lucas's 1894 dystopian novel The Ruins of Brisbane in the Year 2000. The origin of this ‘lady parachutists’ myth, and the connections between this myth and the end of Queensland civilisation, led me to research a fascinating episode in Queensland's cultural history, and in particular Victorian notions of sexual propriety, ‘true manhood’ and the combined — albeit veiled — threats posed by unfettered female sexuality and male masturbation.

Male Masturbation in Free-Ranging Japanese Macaques

We studied masturbatory behavior of males over a 14-mo period in free-ranging Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata yakui) on Yakushima island, Japan. We distinguished 2 types: (1) masturbation only and (2) masturbation with final ejaculation. Both types occurred in all 15 adult troop males. We calculated masturbation only as an index (M/h). It occurred over the whole year; however, it was more frequent during the mating than during the non-mating periods. Masturbation with ejaculation was restricted to the mating period. Male mating success correlated positively with social status. Both rate of masturbation only and masturbatory ejaculations increased as male social status and male mating success declined. Lower-ranking males had higher rates of masturbation only, i.e., they spent more time masturbating than higher-ranking males did. Lower-ranking males also had higher proportions of ejaculates for masturbation, while higher-ranking males used most of their ejaculates for mating.

Sexual activity during pregnancy and after childbirth: results from the Sexual Preferences Questionnaire

The sexual relations of expectant and young parents have been researched relatively often, but most studies are restricted to female participants, samples from the USA, a short postpartum period and a reductionist view of sexuality as equivalent to intercourse. The aim of this study is to gain more knowledge about sexual activity of German couples with regard to non-genital tenderness, French kissing, breast stimulation, manual-genital stimulation, cunnilingus, fellatio, vaginal intercourse, anal intercourse and masturbation during pregnancy and the first 6 months postpartum. As part of a larger longitudinal study, 60 women and men (30 couples) answered a newly developed Sexual Preferences Questionnaire (SPQ) which assesses sexual activity and enjoyment The frequency of most heterosexual activities declined during pregnancy, reached almost zero in the first 3 months postpartum, and then began to increase; male masturbation remained relatively constant. Agreement between the two members of each couple was assessed and SPQ data were validated with other questionnaire data and interview data. The results are discussed with regard to limitations of the sample. Future research should broaden the range of questions investigated, the range of research methods applied (questionnaires and interviews) and the range of persons researched (both partners).

Human sperm competition: ejaculate adjustment by males and the function of masturbation

Abstract. Sperm competition theory argues that the number of sperm inseminated into a female by a male is a trade-off between two opposing pressures. On the one hand, the risk that sperm may find themselves in competition with the sperm from another male favours the male inseminating more sperm. On the other hand, ejaculates are costly to produce and males are favoured who economize over the number of sperm inseminated. This paper analyses: (1) sperm numbers and other ejaculation data for 35 human couples; and (2) data relating to the most recent copulation reported by 3587 women. Three sets of predictions based on sperm competition theory are tested. These are that the number of sperm inseminated should be a function of: (1) risk of sperm competition; (2) female reproductive value; and (3) optimum partitioning of ejaculates between successive in-pair copulations. During in-pair copulation the male used successive inseminations to 'top-up' the population of sperm in his female partner. In accordance with sperm competition theory: (1) individual males inseminated more sperm when the pair had spent a smaller proportion of their time together and hence risk of sperm competition was greater; and (2) larger females wore inseminated with more sperm than smaller females. In apparent contradiction to sperm competition theory, the number of sperm inseminated did not vary according to female orgasm pattern or the probability of conception. This apparent failure of the theory may instead be due to the male's lack of necessary information. Paradoxically, male mammals seem to waste huge numbers of sperm through spontaneous emission and self-masturbation. Such shedding of sperm could be adaptive if it led to more competitive and/or more fertile inseminates at the next copulation. The data showed that a recent male masturbation reduced the number of sperm inseminated at the next copulation but not the number retained by the female. It is concluded that masturbation is a male strategy to increase sperm fitness without increasing sperm numbers in the female tract. The possibility that, in the absence of sperm competition, the probability of fertilization decreases if too many sperm are inseminated is discussed. This latter factor may be more important than ejaculate cost in favouring male restraint over the number of sperm inseminated.

Male masturbation and female orgasm

Male masturbation and female orgasm

Male masturbation as a vehicle for the pursuer/distancer relationship in marriage

When one spouse chooses masturbation over sexual intercourse in marriage, a pursuer/distancer relationship cycle may be behind the choice, or may develop. This cycle, which can cause severe marital discord, entails one spouse pursuing sexual intercourse, while the other spouse distances via solitary masturbation. The more the pursuer pursues, the more the distancer distances (or masturbates), and vice versa. This paper demonstrates this cycle with male masturbators, and proposes an integrative treatment model which addresses not only the behavior, but the roots of it as well. Cases are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model.

History, Etymology, and Fallacy:

This article examines the attitudes toward male masturbation in the ancient western world. More specifically, this work deals with ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome. By comparing each epoch and geographic region, intolerance of autoerotic activity can be seen. Although there is a pattern of intolerance, the act of masturbation is always viewed provisionally. In addition, by examining these three periods of history not only can attitudes be scrutinized, but also it can be seen quite clearly that there was no golden age of sexuality: The attitude of accepted and encouraged unlimited and varied sexual practices does not exist in the ancient western world. As in many other cultures in various stages of history, procreative sexuality is the dominating theme. Thus, current attitudes of sex are derived from, and still survive due to the influence of, ancient western civilization.