Abstract
During the eighteenth century, new ideals, theories, and practices of masculinity and sexuality developed in the countries of Northwestern Europe. This article discusses these ideals mainly using the example of the life and the works of the Marquis de Sade (1740-1814). While old ideals of Christian or noble masculinity demanded chastity or restraint and new Enlightened ones vigor and control, Sade's perspective that stressed sexual humiliation was in stark conflict with both the old and new ideas on male honor, masturbation, and same-sexual acts. The article discusses his life and some of his works before reviewing his philosophy and his views on masculinity and sexuality. It ends with the importance of Sade's work for his own times and for contemporary discussions.
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