Male Line Research Articles

Genetic and linguistic comparisons reveal complex sex-biased transmission of language features

The history of people’s movements and interactions shapes both genetic and linguistic variation. Genes and languages are transmitted separately and their distributions reflect different aspects of human history, but some demographic processes can cause them to be similarly distributed. In particular, forms of societal organization, including movements in and out of a community, may have shaped the transmission of both genes and languages. If children were more likely to learn their mother’s language than their father’s when their parents were from populations that spoke different languages or dialects, then language variation might show a closer association with maternally transmitted genetic markers than autosomal ones; this association could be further reinforced if children reside with predominantly maternal kin. We analyze the worldwide relationship between linguistic and genomic variation, leveraging the sex-biased transmission of X chromosomes to assess whether language has tended to be preferentially transmitted along the male or female line. In addition, we measure the effects of postmarital residence with female kin, matrilineal descent, and endogamy on the covariation of mitochondrial DNA and languages, using mtDNA because genomic data were available for very few populations with these ethnographic traits. We find that while there is little evidence for a consistent or widespread sex bias in the transmission of language, such biased transmission may have occurred locally in several parts of the world and might have been influenced by population-level ethnographic characteristics, such as female-based descent or residence patterns. Our results highlight the complex relationships between genes, language, ethnography, and geography.

Hybrid grain production in wheat benefits from synchronized flowering and high female flower receptivity.

The performance of plant hybrids relative to line breeding types is generally associated with higher yields, better adaptation, and improved yield stability. In bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), however, a broad commercial success for hybrids has not been accomplished until now largely due to the low efficiency of hybrid grain production, which is highly attributable to its self-pollinating nature. To better understand how hybrid wheat grains can be produced more effectively, we investigated the influence of synchronized flowering between female, i.e. male-sterile, lines and their male cross-pollinator lines as well as of the duration of flowering on hybrid grain production. We found that synchronization of flowering in combination with the longest possible temporal overlap had the largest positive effect on hybrid grain production. However, despite sufficient spatial and temporal synchronization of flowering, we also found that some female lines had lower hybrid grain set than others, suggesting genetic differences in female floral receptivity. To better assess female receptivity, we established a new phenotyping scale of male-sterile wheat flowers that provides the floral basics for effective cross-pollination. Applying this scale in our field and greenhouse trials revealed that better performing female lines remained longer in the pollen-receptive phase.

Anthropology and Genetics of the Tolyonsky Burial Ground № 93. Udmurtia, Polomskaya Archaeological Culture

The problems of the relationship between the cultures of the Volga-Kama region in general and the formation of the Udmurt ethnos involve scientists of various specializations. The main task of this work is to 0make a comprehensive description of the burial from the Tolyonsky burial ground located on the territory of the Debessky district of Udmurtia on the right bank of the Cheptsy river. Excavations were carried out by V.A. Semenov in 1980s. Archaeological and anthropological material is stored in the Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve «Idnakar» named after M.G. Ivanova of the Udmurt Republic and attracted the attention of scientists in connection with the implementation of the grant. The absolute radiocarbon dating of the sample was obtained: 1440 ± 69 years. The studied individual was distinguished by brachycephaly, large latitudinal dimensions of a face and a protruding nose shape. A scientific restoration of the appearance by the method of M.M. Gerasimov was carried out, contour and graphic portraits (full face and profile) were presented. Taking into account the results of genetic analysis, a watercolor artistic portrait was made. For the first time, comprehensive paleogenetic studies have been carried out on a representative of the Polomsky archaeological culture. The Y-chromosomal haplogroup N1a1a1a2b (B181) and the mitochondrial haplogroup U4 have been established with high reliability. The identified haplogroups in individual No. 93 from the Tolyonsky burial ground along the male and female lines are geographically confined to the Central Volga-Ural region, which is consistent with the results of anthropological and archaeological research. With a probability of more than 97%, the color of the iris of the eyes is predicted to be blue in this individual.

High-Throughput Sequencing Identified Multiple Fig Viruses and Viroids Associated with Fig Mosaic Disease in Iraq.

Mosaic is the most common viral disease affecting fig plants. Although the Fig mosaic virus is the leading cause of mosaic disease, other viruses are also involved. High-throughput sequencing was used to assess viral infections in fig plants with mosaic. The genomic DNA and total RNAseq of mosaic-symptomatic fig leaves were sequenced using the Illumina platform. The analysis revealed the presence of fig badnavirus 1 (FBV-1), grapevine badnavirus 1 (GBV-1), citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd), and apple dimple fruit viroid (ADFVd). The FBV-1 and GBV-1 sequences were 7,140 bp and 7,239 bp long, respectively. The two genomes encode one open reading frame containing five major protein domains. The viroids, CEVd and ADFVd, were 397 bp and 305 bp long. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a close relationship between FBV-1 and Iranian isolates of the same species, while GBV-1 was closely related to Russian grapevine badnavirus isolates (Tem64, Blu17, KDH48, and Pal9). CEVd was closely related to other Iraqi isolates, while ADFVd was strongly related to a Spanish isolate. A registered endogenous pararetrovirus, caulimovirus-Fca1, with a size of 7,556 bp, was found in the RNA transcripts with a low expression level. This integrant was also detected in the genomes of the two lines 'Horaishi' (a female line) and 'Caprifig 6085' (a male line). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that caulimovirus-Fca1 was distinct from two other clades of different endogenous virus genera.

A repository of Ogden syndrome patient derived iPSC lines and isogenic pairs by X-chromosome screening and genome-editing.

Amino-terminal (Nt-) acetylation (NTA) is a common protein modification, affecting 80% of cytosolic proteins in humans. The human essential gene, NAA10, encodes the enzyme NAA10, as the catalytic subunit for the N-terminal acetyltransferase A (NatA) complex, including the accessory protein, NAA15. The first human disease directly involving NAA10 was discovered in 2011, and it was named Ogden syndrome (OS), after the location of the first affected family residing in Ogden, Utah, USA. Since that time, other variants have been found in NAA10 and NAA15. Here we describe the generation of 31 iPSC lines, with 16 from females and 15 from males. This cohort includes CRISPR-mediated correction to the wild-type genotype in 4 male lines, along with editing one female line to generate homozygous wild-type or mutant clones. Following the monoclonalizaiton and screening for X-chromosome activation status in female lines, 3 additional pairs of female lines, in which either the wild type allele is on the active X chromosome (Xa) or the pathogenic variant allele is on Xa, have been generated. Subsets of this cohort have been successfully used to make cardiomyocytes and neural progenitor cells (NPCs). These cell lines are made available to the community via the NYSCF Repository.

Abstract B005: Characterizing the role of fibroadipogenic progenitors in pancreatic cancer cachexia: the role of miR-27a-3p

Abstract Introduction: Approximately 80% of patients with pancreatic cancer suffer from cachexia- a debilitating condition characterized by involuntary loss of muscle and fat. While muscle wasting has mostly been investigated from a whole tissue level, the impact of how different cell types contribute to muscle wasting remains elusive. The current study focuses on characterizing the role of muscle resident fibroadipogenic progenitors (FAPs) in pancreatic cancer cachexia. Dysregulation of FAPs produces sustained fibrogenic and/or adipogenic signals, which may lead to fibrofatty infiltration- a condition often observed in patients with cachexia. Using an experimental model of pancreatic cancer cachexia, we aim to understand (i) the overall contribution of FAPs to muscle wasting, (ii) the role of microRNAs (miRNAs- a class of small RNAs considered as global modulators of gene expression) in FAPs dysregulation and (iii) if modulating miRNAs in cancer improves muscle micro and macroenvironment. Methods: A male pancreatic cancer cell line was utilized to investigate the cachexia progression over time where day 14 (D14), 21 (D21), and day 26 (D26) were considered early, intermediate, and late time points, respectively. Mice were orthotopically implanted with 2 million pancreatic cancer cells (referred to as the KPC) and control mice received sham surgery (referred to as the control). Single nucleus RNA seq (snRNA seq) from quadriceps muscle, RNA seq, and miRNA profiling from sorted FAPs were performed. miR-27a-3p was knocked down in pancreatic cancer cells using a lentiviral system. Results: snRNA seq identified 13 clusters in quadriceps muscle including FAPs. Further, 4 subpopulations of FAPs with predominantly distinct transcriptional profiles were identified indicating that FAPs may be functionally heterogeneous. Further, muscle wasting genes such as Bmp4 and Osmr were present predominantly in FAPs suggesting that dysregulation of FAPs may contribute to muscle wasting. Time-resolved RNA seq analysis from sorted FAPs showed that alterations in adipogenesis (observed on day 14) preceded fibrosis (observed on d21), suggesting that dysregulation of FAPs is an early event in the muscle wasting trajectory, potentially contributing to fibrofatty infiltration. miR-27a-3p was chosen as a candidate molecule that was downregulated in FAPs and upregulated in the tumor when compared to controls. Inhibiting miR-27a-3p on FAPs increased adipogenesis and treatment with mimic reduced adipogenesis. Knocking down miR-27a in cancer prevented muscle wasting in vivo, and reduced FAPs dysregulation, suggesting that miR-27a-3p plays a dual role in tumor and muscle microenvironment. Conclusions: The study shows for the first time that dysregulation of FAPs significantly contributes to muscle wasting, potentially mediated through miR-27a-3p which when modulated in tumor reduces tumor progression and improves the muscle micro and macroenvironment. Citation Format: Ashok Narasimhan, Chun Wai Cheung, Nasim Kajabadi, Bruce Lin, Lin Wei Tung, Chihkai Chang, Fabio MV Rossi. Characterizing the role of fibroadipogenic progenitors in pancreatic cancer cachexia: the role of miR-27a-3p [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Advances in Pancreatic Cancer Research; 2024 Sep 15-18; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(17 Suppl_2):Abstract nr B005.

Comparison of wrist range of motion and muscle strength in assembly workers with and without lateral epicondylitis.

Lateral epicondylitis (LE), also called tennis elbow, is a common musculoskeletal disorder that causes pain in the elbow area and is highly prevalent in assembly workers who repeatedly move their wrists. The purpose of this study was to compare the wrist ROM and muscle strength of assembly workers with and without LE. Forty-five male assembly line workers (23 with LE) participated in the study. Participants had their wrist range of motion (flexion, extension, ulnar deviation, and radial deviation) and strength (wrist flexors, extensors, and hand grip) measured using Smart KEMA sensors. Workers with LE showed significantly reduced wrist extension and radial deviation ROM compared to workers without LE, with no significant differences in wrist flexion and ulnar deviation ROM between groups. Workers with LE had significantly lower wrist extensor strength compared to workers without LE, and there was no significant difference in wrist flexor and grip strength between the two groups. For workers with LE, the difference in wrist ROM and muscle strength will be useful for planning intervention and evaluating treatment outcomes for assembly workers with LE.

Dysregulation of kappa opioid receptor neuromodulation of lateral habenula synaptic function following a repetitive mild traumatic brain injury

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) increases the risk of affective disorders, anxiety and substance use disorder. The lateral habenula (LHb) plays an important role in pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Recently, we demonstrated a causal link between mTBI-induced LHb hyperactivity due to excitation/inhibition (E/I) imbalance and motivational deficits in male mice using a repetitive closed head injury mTBI model. A major neuromodulatory system that is responsive to traumatic brain injuries, influences affective states and also modulates LHb activity is the dynorphin/kappa opioid receptor (Dyn/KOR) system. However, the effects of mTBI on KOR neuromodulation of LHb function are unknown. Here, we first used retrograde tracing in male and female Cre mouse lines and identified several major KOR-expressing and two prominent Dyn-expressing inputs projecting to the mouse LHb, highlighting the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) as the main LHb-projecting Dyn inputs that regulate KOR signaling to the LHb. We then functionally evaluated the effects of in vitro KOR modulation of spontaneous synaptic activity within the LHb of male and female sham and mTBI mice at 4 week post-injury. We observed sex-specific differences in spontaneous release of glutamate and GABA from presynaptic terminals onto LHb neurons with higher levels of presynaptic glutamate and GABA release in females compared to male mice. However, KOR effects on the spontaneous E/I ratios and synaptic drive ratio within the LHb did not differ between male and female sham and mTBI mice. KOR activation generally suppressed spontaneous glutamatergic transmission without altering GABAergic transmission, resulting in a significant but sex-similar reduction in net spontaneous E/I and synaptic drive ratios in LHb neurons of sham mice. Following mTBI, while responses to KOR activation at LHb glutamatergic synapses remained intact, LHb GABAergic synapses acquired an additional sensitivity to KOR-mediated inhibition where we observed a reduction in GABA release probability in response to KOR stimulation in LHb neurons of mTBI mice. Further analysis of percent change in spontaneous synaptic ratios induced by KOR activation revealed that independent of sex mTBI switches KOR-driven synaptic inhibition of LHb neurons (normally observed in sham mice) in a subset of mTBI mice toward synaptic excitation resulting in mTBI-induced divergence of KOR actions within the LHb. Overall, we uncovered the sources of major Dyn/KOR-expressing synaptic inputs projecting to the mouse LHb. We demonstrate that an engagement of intra-LHb Dyn/KOR signaling provides a global KOR-driven synaptic inhibition within the mouse LHb independent of sex. The additional engagement of KOR-mediated action on LHb GABAergic transmission by mTBI could contribute to the E/I imbalance after mTBI, with Dyn/KOR signaling serving as a disinhibitory mechanism for LHb neurons of a subset of mTBI mice.

Estimation of Heterosis and Inbreeding Depression for Yield Related and Quality Traits in Forage Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench)

The present study was conducted at GBPUAT Pantnagar to study the heterosis and inbreeding depression for nine yield related and three quality traits which consisted of seventy F1 crosses developed through line x tester mating design involving ten cytoplasmic male sterile (female) lines and seven pollinator (male) lines during Kharif 2018 and 70 F2s developed by selfing of F1 crosses during Kharif 2019 in random block design (R.B.D.) with three replications. Observations were recorded on plant height, stem girth, number of leaves per plant, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, leaf: stem ratio, total soluble solids, HCN content, green fodder yield per plot, dry fodder yield per plot, and protein percent. The observed F1data was analyzed for mid parent heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis whereas F2data was analyzed for inbreeding depression. The large number of crosses exhibited heterosis and inbreeding depression in desired direction for all yield related and quality traits under study which indicated the presence of additive as well as non-additive gene actions. The crosses ICSA 271 x PC 5, ICSA 276 x CSV-15, 993100 A x 04K 668, 11 A2 x 04 K 693, ICSA 469 x 04 K 668, ICSA 293 x 01 K 733, SPA2 94012 x 04 K 700, ICSA 293 x CSV-15, SP 55609 A x UPMC-8, and 993100 A x 04 K 700 exhibited high mean performance for all the traits under study coupled with high heterosis in desired direction.

Genome-wide association studies using chromosome-scale genomes of male and female lines redefines two sex-linked loci in linkage disequilibrium in Ficus carica L.

Despite its significance in breeding and agricultural practices, the genetic mechanisms that determine sex in the fig (Ficus carica) are not clearly understood, highlighting the need for comprehensive genomic and genetic research to clarify these complex processes. With the aim to accurately identifying the genetic loci involved in sex-related traits of the fig, two chromosome-scale genome sequences for ‘Horaishi’ (a female line) and ‘Caprifig 6085′ (a male line) were determined, and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was subsequently conducted using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained from whole genome sequencing across genetically diverse lines and a biparental mapping population derived from a cross between the two lines. As a result, two major GWAS signals were detected. Of these, only the SNPs on FcRAN1 were found to perfectly associate with the sex phenotype, which was suggested as a sex determinant in our previous study. On the other hand, the SNP pattern of FcAG did not perfectly match the sex phenotype, but FcAG was located near and showed another strong GWAS signal, and in contrast, the polymorphisms in the deletion of FcAG did not contradict the sex phenotype or the SNP pattern of FcRAN1. These results suggest that the candidate genes for the sex-linked traits in figs are narrowed down to both FcRAN1 and FcAG, indicating that they are not limited to one or the other. Furthermore, they suggest some potential scenarios, including the possibility that the sex-linked traits are controlled either complementarily or collaboratively by these two genes, which are in linkage disequilibrium. In addition, we confirmed that a non-recombining sex-linked region exists between these two gene loci. The genome information and the finding for sex-related traits would be helpful to understand sex determination mechanisms in Ficus plants as well as the fig breeding programs.

Metabolic and phenotypic changes induced by PFAS exposure in two human hepatocyte cell models

PFAS are ubiquitous industrial chemicals with known adverse health effects, particularly on the liver. The liver, being a vital metabolic organ, is susceptible to PFAS-induced metabolic dysregulation, leading to conditions such as hepatotoxicity and metabolic disturbances. In this study, we investigated the phenotypic and metabolic responses of PFAS exposure using two hepatocyte models, HepG2 (male cell line) and HepaRG (female cell line), aiming to define phenotypic alterations, and metabolic disturbances at the metabolite and pathway levels. The PFAS mixture composition was selected based on epidemiological data, covering a broad concentration spectrum observed in diverse human populations. Phenotypic profiling by Cell Painting assay disclosed predominant effects of PFAS exposure on mitochondrial structure and function in both cell models as well as effects on F-actin, Golgi apparatus, and plasma membrane-associated measures. We employed comprehensive metabolic characterization using liquid chromatography combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). We observed dose-dependent changes in the metabolic profiles, particularly in lipid, steroid, amino acid and sugar and carbohydrate metabolism in both cells as well as in cell media, with HepaRG cell line showing a stronger metabolic response. In cells, most of the bile acids, acylcarnitines and free fatty acids showed downregulation, while medium-chain fatty acids and carnosine were upregulated, while the cell media showed different response especially in relation to the bile acids in HepaRG cell media. Importantly, we observed also nonmonotonic response for several phenotypic features and metabolites. On the pathway level, PFAS exposure was also associated with pathways indicating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Taken together, our findings on PFAS-induced phenotypic and metabolic disruptions in hepatocytes shed light on potential mechanisms contributing to the broader comprehension of PFAS-related health risks.

Families and Households of the Pribidola in the Municipality of Srebrenica during the 19th Century

The turbulent past has marked the entire area of Bosnia and Herzegovina, especially its peripheral parts, which were often influenced by violent demographic changes, reflecting on various population structures. The wider area of Podrinje was affected by forced migrations of the Bosniak population during the 19th and 20th centuries. The expulsion of Bosniaks from the Principality of Serbia in the early 1830s significantly impacted the demographic structures of the Bosnian Podrinje region, especially the Osat region. This study does not explore various anthropogeographic changes in the settlement of Pribidol, whether they occurred during normal or forced social events, but rather investigates the process of family formation and households during the 19th century. The most important historical sources used for the mentioned research are: the Ottoman census of male household members of the Srebrenica District in 1850/51, the Ottoman cadaster of 1867/75, the list of residential property owners from 1880/84, as well as the land registry books of the Srebrenica District in 1894. This study explored the families that lived in the settlement of Pribidol during the 19th century. These are the following families: Ahmetović, Aljić, Begić, Dervišević, Džananović, Halilović, Husić, Ibišević, Ibrahimović, Janković, Marković, Mešanović, Mitrović, Muminović, Mustafić, Osmanović, Salkić, and Smajić. In the Muslim area of Pribidol, 19 households, or family households, were recorded, with a total of 79 male individuals, with an average age of 20.1 years. In the then-independent settlement of Pribidol, 15 households were recorded, with 59 male individuals, with an average age of 19.0 years. In the Barakovići mahalla, 3 households were recorded, with 14 male individuals, and in the independent settlement of Zgunja, one household was recorded with a total of 6 male individuals. Therefore, the total population of Bosniak Pribidol was around 160 individuals of both sexes. During the conducted census in 1850/51, only two families had a family surname, which changed in the early 1880s. According to the 1879 census in the settlement of Gaj (Turkish Pribidol), there were 171 inhabitants (93 male individuals) all of Bosniak nationality. There were 25 houses and an equal number of apartments in the settlement, with an average of 6.8 individuals per household. The 1895 census recorded 315 inhabitants (158 male individuals). There were 255 Bosniaks and 60 Orthodox inhabitants. There were a total of 50 houses (2 uninhabited) with 50 households - an average size of 6.3 members. Between 1850/51 and 1895, there was a significant increase in the population of the settlement of Pribidol, especially in the last census of 1895. This growth was conditioned by the settlement of Orthodox inhabitants, who constituted 25% of the total population in 1895. The list of residential property owners from 1880/84 identified three new mahallas (Kadrići, Podševar, and Živkovići) compared to the census of 1850/51. These Bosniak families of the settlement of Pribidol persisted throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, either through male or female lines, except for changes in the family surname among married female inhabitants. Some family surnames ceased to exist in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, either due to the extinction of their male members or their emigration from the settlement of Pribidol. This particularly applies to families with the surnames Ahmetović, Halilović, and Mešanović. The number of households (families) increased among other Bosniak families until the mid-20th century, and some of their members moved to other settlements in the Podrinje region, primarily around the cities of Bijeljina, Bratunac, and Srebrenica.

The Role of Z Chromosome Localization Gene psmd9 in Spermatogenesis of Cynoglossus semilaevis.

Proteasome 26S Subunit, Non-ATPase 9 (psmd9) plays an important role in the balance of protamine and the stability of the nucleolar structure during spermatogenesis. In this study, we cloned the psmd9 of Cynoglossus semilaevis and analyzed its expression pattern. psmd9 was identified on the Z chromosome of C. semilaevis, which is considered an interesting candidate gene for spermatogenesis. qRT-PCR and FISH experiments showed that the psmd9 gene was significantly highly expressed in the testes. It is worth noting that the expression level of psmd9 in male fish testes is significantly higher than that in pseudomales. In order to further explore the role of psmd9 in spermatogenesis, a male testicular cell line was used as the experimental material. The results of the psmd9-RNAi and overexpression experiments showed that psmd9 had a synergistic effect with spermatogenesis-related genes dnd1, cfap69, dnah3 and dnajb13, but had an antagonistic effect with ccne2. Our findings offer a scientific foundation for comprehending the role of psmd9 in the spermatogenesis regulatory network of C. semilaevis.

Identification of early, wilt resistant and good combining male lines of castor (Ricinus Communis L.,) suitable for rainfed conditions

Identification of early, wilt resistant and good combining male lines of castor (Ricinus Communis L.,) suitable for rainfed conditions

Pengaruh perbedaan bentuk tempat pakan terhadap performa puyuh padjadjaran petelur fase brooding

This research purpose was to determine the effect of different feeder shape on performance of Padjadjaran Layer Quails in the brooding phase. This research was held in the Quail Breeding Center, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University used 360 male and female black line of Padjadjaran Layers Quail. There were 18 treatment cages, each cage unit containing 20 quails. This research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) there were 3 treatments and repeated 6 times. The treatment given to quail from 1 until 3 weeks of age consisted of trough feeder (P1), baby chick feeder (P2) and feeder tray (P3). Data of feed consumption, body weight gain, and feed convertion ratio were analyzed using variance and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Total feed consumption is as follow 240,59 gram, 257,38 gram, and 247,55 gram. Each successive body weight gais is as follow 84,20 gram, 109,57 gram, and 98,47 gram. Average of feed convertion ratio is as follow 2,87; 2,39; and 2,52. The conclusion from result showed that the different feeder shape affected on performance of Padjadjaran Layer Quails in the brooding phase. Baby chick feeder provides good performance for laying Padjadjaran quail in the brooding phase.

Identification of early, wilt resistant and good combining male lines of castor (Ricinus Communis L.,) suitable for rainfed conditions

Identification of early, wilt resistant and good combining male lines of castor (Ricinus Communis L.,) suitable for rainfed conditions

Genetic background of walking ability and its relationship with leg defects, mortality, and performance traits in turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo)

This study aimed to explore the genetic basis of walking ability and potentially related performance traits in turkey purebred populations. Phenotypic, pedigree, and genomic datasets from 2 turkey lines hatched between 2010 and 2023 were included in the study. Walking ability data, defined based on a scoring system ranging from 1 (worst) to 6 (best), were collected on 192,019 animals of a female line and 235,461 animals of a male line. Genomic information was obtained for 46,427 turkeys (22,302 from a female line and 24,125 from a male line) using a 65K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel. Variance components and heritability for walking ability were estimated. Furthermore, genetic and phenotypic correlations among walking ability, mortality and disorders, and performance traits were calculated. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was also conducted to identify SNPs associated with walking ability. Walking ability is moderately heritable (0.23 ± 0.01) in both turkey lines. The genetic correlations between walking ability and the other evaluated traits ranged from -0.02 to -0.78, with leg defects exhibiting the strongest negative correlation with walking ability. In the female line, 31 SNPs were associated with walking ability and overlapped with 116 genes. These positional genes are linked to 6 gene ontology (GO) terms. Notably, genes such as CSRP2, DDX1, RHBDL1, SEZ6L, and CTSK are involved in growth, development, locomotion, and bone disorders. GO terms, including fibronectin binding (GO:0001968), peptide cross-linking (GO:0018149), and catabolic process (GO:0009057), are directly linked with mobility. In the male line, 66 markers associated with walking ability were identified and overlapped with 281 genes. These genes are linked to 12 GO terms. Genes such as RB1CC1, TNNI1, MSTN, FN1, SIK3, PADI2, ERBB4, B3GNT2, and BACE1 are associated with cell growth, myostatin development, and disorders. GO terms in the male line are predominantly related to lipid metabolism. In conclusion, walking ability is moderately heritable in both populations. Furthermore, walking ability can be enhanced through targeted genetic selection, emphasizing its relevance to both animal welfare and productivity.

Investigator’s influence on the muscle strength assessment in animals in experiment: Comparison of automated “inverted grid” test and its classical variant

The aim of the work was to study the influence of the researcher on the muscle strength assessment in animals in the experiment by comparing the results of the automated “inverted grid” test and its classical variant.Materials and methods. Male lines (Bla/J, n=20; FUS(1-359), n=20; Tau P301S+/+, n=20) and their background controls (C57BL/6J, n=20; CD1, n=20) were selected for the study. The dynamics of changes in the muscle deficit of the animals was evaluated in the automated and classical variant of the “inverted grid” test.Results. According to the results of the muscle strength assessment of mice with an edited genome of lines FUS(1-359)+/-, Tau P301S+/+, B6.ADysfprmd/GeneJ, using the “inverted grid” test in the classical variant and the automated one, it was found that statistically significant differences were not obtained in comparison with the results obtained by the classical variant of the test. The standard error of the mean increases by 23–39% in the classical test compared to the automated one. It was shown that the standard error of the mean in the classical variant of the test in Tau P301S+/+ mice was 6.24; 5.94; 5.88; 7.38 at 4 age points; in FUS(1-359)+/- mice, 4.49; 6.8; 6.98 and 4.1; B6.ADysfprmd/GeneJ mice, 7.66; 7.58; 8.3 and 7.92, respectively.Conclusion. Thus, the value of the standard error of the results study mean of the changes dynamics in the muscle strength when using the automated variant of the “inverted grid” test was reduced in comparison with the results of the classical variant of the test. The results of the study show that the automation of generally recognized behavioral tests is able to increase the accuracy of the obtained data reducing the influence of a human factor on the manipulation.

Pre-clinical evaluation of effectiveness of infusion solutions with different osmolarity during acute blood loss in experiments on rats

The aim of the research was to experimentally evaluate the effectiveness of infusion solutions with different osmolarity during acute blood loss in experiments on rats. Material and methods. Experiments approved by the local Ethics Committee, have been done on 30 male rats line Vistar (320 ± 35 g). Design of the research included anesthesia, simulation of acute blood loss to 50 % of circulating blood volume, its replenishment with experimental infusion solutions based on polyglycan derivatives (estimated osmolarity 1026.6, 1784.2, 2566.6 mOsm/l), research of survivability, functional state of cardiovascular and respiratory systems, blood acid-base status and gas partial pressure 5, 30, 60, 120, 180 min after the beginning of replenishment of circulating blood volume. The infusion solution Hemostabil was used as a comparison product. Results. The highest survival rate, restoration of hemodynamics and acid-base state and blood acid-base status and gas partial pressure were obtained as a result of infusion of solution with osmolarity 1026.6 mOsm/l. In this group of animals survivability accounted for 100 %, arterial pressure restored in 5 minutes after the start of infusion, indicators of blood acid-base status and gas partial pressure normalized in 120 min of experiment. All of the results had statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) relative to values in other experimental groups. Conclusions. Sample of solution with osmolarity 1026.6 mOsm/l is the most effective in restoration of hemodynamics of rats with the blood loss up to 50 % of circulating blood volume. The expediency of the researches of safety of this infusion solution based on polyglucan derivatives in the capacity of medication for replenishment acute blood loss is substantiated.

Transcriptome analysis reveals the potential lncRNA-mRNA modules involved in genetic male sterility and fertility of Chinese cabbage (brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis).

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in regulating gene expression vital for the growth and development of plants. Despite this, the role of lncRNAs in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) pollen development and male fertility remains poorly understood. In this study, we characterized a recessive genic male sterile mutant (366-2S), where the delayed degradation of tapetum and the failure of tetrad separation primarily led to the inability to form single microspores, resulting in male sterility. To analyze the role of lncRNAs in pollen development, we conducted a comparative lncRNA sequencing using anthers from the male sterile mutant line (366-2S) and the wild-type male fertile line (366-2F). We identified 385 differentially expressed lncRNAs between the 366-2F and 366-2S lines, with 172 of them potentially associated with target genes. To further understand the alterations in mRNA expression and explore potential lncRNA-target genes (mRNAs), we performed comparative mRNA transcriptome analysis in the anthers of 366-2S and 366-2F at two stages. We identified 1,176 differentially expressed mRNAs. Remarkably, GO analysis revealed significant enrichment in five GO terms, most notably involving mRNAs annotated as pectinesterase and polygalacturonase, which play roles in cell wall degradation. The considerable downregulation of these genes might contribute to the delayed degradation of tapetum in 366-2S. Furthermore, we identified 15 lncRNA-mRNA modules through Venn diagram analysis. Among them, MSTRG.9997-BraA04g004630.3C (β-1,3-glucanase) is associated with callose degradation and tetrad separation. Additionally, MSTRG.5212-BraA02g040020.3C (pectinesterase) and MSTRG.13,532-BraA05g030320.3C (pectinesterase) are associated with cell wall degradation of the tapetum, indicating that these three candidate lncRNA-mRNA modules potentially regulate pollen development. This study lays the foundation for understanding the roles of lncRNAs in pollen development and for elucidating their molecular mechanisms in regulating male sterility in Chinese cabbage.