Male Holotype Research Articles

Contributions to the systematics of the caddisfly genera Pseudostenophylax and Philocasca with special reference to the immature stages (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae)

Larval and pupal stages have been associated and are described for western North American species in the caddisfly genera Pseudostenophylax and Philocasca. Diagnostic structures of the adults are described where they are necessary for a clear definition of the species.In the genus Pseudostenophylax, the larva of P. edwardsi (Banks) has been associated. It is described and shown to be identical with that designated by previous workers as Limnephilid Genus A. The diagnostic characters of the female genitalia in this species are illustrated for the first time. Observations on the habitat of this species are offered.In the genus Philocasca, larvae and pupae are described for two species, and the larva of a third, unassociated to species, is assigned to this genus and described. The rearing of a species not previously known, and here described in all except the egg stage, raises to five the number known in Philocasca. To bring the diagnoses for all of these species into a consistent form the holotype males of all have been reexamined, illustrated, and comparatively described. Females are associated and described for three species, representing the first information on the females in this genus. Diagnostic keys are provided for the identification of males, females, and larvae, insofar as these are known. New distributional records are provided for certain of the species but members of the genus as a whole must be regarded as extremely localized in distribution.

Two New Species of Conchostraca (Branchiopoda) From Nepal and Iran

Material. - 1 male (holotype), 2 females and 3 males. Central Nepal. A marshy area connected with a cold spring at Tukucha in the northern part of the Nuwakot district, at about 2500 m above the sea, 28 September 1959, collected by Yukio Shogaki.

Haemaphysalis (Herpetobia) himalaya sp. n. (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae), a Parasite of the Himalayan Thar (Artiodactyla, Caprinae) in Northwestern India

Haemaphysalis (Herpetobia) himalaya sp. n., described from a male and female specimen from Hemitragus j. jemlahicus (H. Smith) (Artiodactyla, Caprinae) at 3,000 m altitude in Uttar Pradesh, northern India, is related to H. (Herpetobia) nepalensis Hoogstraal, which occurs to the east in Nepal and the North East Frontier Agency of India. The type locality of the new species is situated at the upper margin of the temperate zone in mixed oak-conifer forest dominated by Quercus semecarpifolia. The unusual dental formulae, 5/5 in the male and 7/7 in the female of this tick, is also seen in other species of the subgenus Herpetobia. Haemaphysalis (Herpetobia) himalaya sp. n., collected by the late Baron G. A. von Maydell during the German India Expedition (1955-58), is related to H. (Herpetobia) nepalensis Hoogstraal, which occurs to the east in Nepal and in the North East Frontier Agency of India. A comparative study of the ecological and host relationships of these two species should be interesting. We are grateful to Dr. G. Rack of the Zoologisches Staatsinstitut und Zoologisches Museum, Hamburg, Germany, for the privilege of studying the valuable material described here. Haemaphysalis (Herpetobia) himalaya sp. n. The Indian Himalayan Haemaphysalid (Figs. 1-20) Holotype Male, from Himalayan thar, Hemitragus j. jemlahicus (H. Smith) (Artiodactyla, Caprinae), Molta, 3,000 m altitude, Uttar Pradesh, India, 18 June 1956, Baron G. A. von Maydell legit. Deposited in the Zoologisches Staatsinstitut und Zoologisches Museum, Hamburg, Germany.

Argas (Microargas) transversus Banks (New Subgenus) (Ixodoidea, Argasidae), a Diminutive Parasite of the Galapagos Giant Tortoise: Redescription of the Holotype Male and Description of the Larva1

The single specimen described as Argas transversa, from Albemarle Island in the Galapagos Archipelago, by Ranks in 1902 without reference to host, developmental stage, or sex, proves to be a male measuring only 1.50 mm long. This minute specimen represents one of the smallest tick species known and its transversely oval body bears an exceptional number and variety of lateral and ventral setae, all features that suggest remarkable convergent adaptation of this metastigmatic tick and prostigmatic lizard-parasitizing mites, especially those of the family Pterygosomidae. In addition to a redescription of the long-overlooked holotype male of A. transversus, a larva of this species, from the Round-domed Giant Tortoise, Testudo elephantopus porteri Rothschild, on Indefatigable Island, Galapagos, is here described. The larval stage in many structural respects resembles the adult stage and bears similar though fewer specialized setae. Every criterion of a tick of the genus Argas is satisfied in both developmental stages but owing to the number of unique or unusual features of both the adult and the larva, a new subgenus, Microargas, is proposed to contain A. transversus Banks.

Haemaphysalis tibetensis sp. n., and Its Significance in Elucidating Phylogenetic Patterns in the Genus (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae)

Haemaphysalis tibetensis sp. n. is described from males and females, and from nymphs that are presumed to represent the same species. These were collected at high altitudes in mountain valleys in the southwestern and southeastern corners of Tibet. One collection, of adults and nymphs, was taken from domestic dogs, the other, of adults only, was presumably from vegetation. These specimens have been compared with the lectotype and syntype series of H. (Allophysalis) warburtoni Nuttall from China and with both sexes and reared nymphs referred to H. (A.) warburtoni from USSR. Adults of H. tibetensis sp. n. are superficially similar to those in these samples from China and USSR but differ from them in several critical details. The nymphs assigned to the new species, however, differ widely from those reared from the USSR population of H. (A.) warburtoni and are closely related to the nymphs of H. inermis Birula, a species in the structurally most primitive subgenus Alloceraea Schulze. Although many of the approximately 115 species and subspecies of Haemaphysalis lucidly illustrate patterns of speciation in this generic assemblage, none is more remarkable in this respect than H. tibetensis sp. n. Subgeneric classification of the new species is postponed pending results of further studies. Haemaphysalid ticks offer some of the best available clues to the phylogenetic history and speciation of ixodid ticks. Among the approximately 115 species and subspecies that comprise the genus Haemaphysalis, structural and biological characteristics of many forms lucidly illustrate patterns of speciation within this assemblage. None is more remarkable in this respect than H. tibetensis sp. n. from dogs and vegetation in the mountains of Tibet. Adults of this species, found identified as H. warburtoni Nuttall in collections of the British Museum (Natural History), have both notable differences from and many features in common with H. warburtoni, the only known representative of the structurally primitive subgenus Allophysalis Hoogstraal. The nymph of H. tibetensis, however, differs greatly from that of the Russian population attributed to H. warburtoni (Pospelova-Shtrom, 1949), and is closely related to the nymph of H. inermis Birula in the even more primitive subgenus Alloceraea Schulze (see Hoogstraal, 1959). In comparison with the generally conservative patterns of speciation among 90% of the Received for publication 13 January 1965. * From Research Project MR005.09-1402.3, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Navy Department, Washington, D. C. The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private ones of the author and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the Navy Department or the naval service at large. forms comprising the genus Haemaphysalis, the rate and direction of speciation in H. tibetensis have differed so markedly from those in related structurally primitive groups that it is, at this stage, difficult to determine the natural subgeneric position of this species. Further studies on this subject are in progress. Haemaphysalis tibetensis sp. n. The Tibet mountain haemaphysalid (Figs. 1-26) Holotype Male, from domestic dog, Yatung, about 9,500 feet altitude, mouth of Chumbi Valley, southwestern Tibet, 5 June 1916, D. Macdonald legit (from N. C. Rothschild collection). Deposited in British Museum (Natural History).

New Species of Texas Weevils, with Notes on Others (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)

Three new species of Texas weevils of the family Curculionidae are described: Cercopeus bolli, Lixellus haldemani, and Pnigodes belfragei. No- menclatural notes the genus Lixellus and a key to the species of Pnigodes are included. Additional notes are presented for a few other Texas weevils. The following descriptions of new weevils, with notes other species, are presented here as a contribution to the knowledge of the rather rich curculionid fauna of Texas.2 Apion fumitarse Fall, 1898, p. 162; Kissinger, 1957, p. 76. Numerous specimens of this weevil were collected Croton glandulosus L. 9 mi. N of Rockport, 20-23 August 1962. Adults were abundant the plants and many pupae and a few full-grown larvae were dissected from the seeds. To my knowledge this is the first definite host record for A. fumitarse. Kissinger (loc. cit.) recorded the species on Dalea multiflora. Bissel (1940) found Croton glandulosus to serve as the host of a related species, Apion delta Buchanan, in Georgia. The known range of A. fumitarse extends along the coast from Aransas County southward to Brownsville. Mitostylus elongatus Van Dyke, 1936, p. 83. This species appar- ently has not been mentioned in literature since the original descrip- tion, based a single specimen collected at Encino, was published. Through the kindness of H. B. Leech I have recently had an opportu- nity to examine the male holotype deposited in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences. The following notes are presented to supplement the rather short original description, to make known the female, and to give additional distribution records for the species. In

Redescription of the Holotype and Description of All Stages of Haemaphysalis turturis Nuttall and Warburton from Ceylon and India (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae)

The holotype male of Haemaphysalis turturis Nuttall and Warburton, 1915, from Ceylon, is redescribed and compared with other males from Ceylon and India. The female and immature stages are fully described for the first time, from material collected in Shimoga District, Mysore, India, where this species has been found naturally infected with Kyasanur Forest disease virus. H. turturis, a member of the H. bispinosa group, is related to H. paraturturis and to H. silvafelis, both described in the present series of reports on haemaphysalids of India. Haemaphysalis turturis Nuttall and Warburton (1915) was briefly described from a single male specimen from Ceylon. Except for five males from India, provisionally referred to this species (Sharif, 1928), no other specimens of H. turturis were reported in the literature until the outbreak of Kyasanur Forest disease in Mysore, India, in 1957. The exact identity of Indian males ascribed to this species has been uncertain. Through the kindness of Dr. T. R. Rao, Director of the Virus Research Centre, Poona, the holotype of H. turturis was borrowed from the Berlin Museum (East Germany). This specimen (described and illustrated below) is compared with other males from Ceylon and India and slight structural differences in single population samples Received for publication 28 May 1963. *From Research Project MR005.09-1402.3, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Navy Department, Washington 25, D.C. The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private ones of the authors and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the Navy Department or the naval service at large. t Staff Member, the Rockefeller Foundation, Virus Research Centre, Poona, India. The Virus Research Centre is jointly maintained by The Indian Council of Medical Research and the Rockefeller Foundation. t Department of Medical Zoology, United States Naval Medical Research Unit Number Three, Cairo, Egypt, U.A.R. ? Former Staff Member of the Virus Research Centre, now at the Department of Entomology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. (from single hosts) are noted. The female and immature stages are fully described for the

A CORRECTION REGARDING THE FEMALE SEX OF COLEOPHORA QUADRUPLEX McD. (LEPIDOPTERA)

In my original description of the above species I rather doubtfully associated with the male holotype and paratypes two females, largely on account of similarity of locality data; the genitalia of one of these was figured on Plate III, fig. 6. I now find that this association was incorrect and that the name quadruplex must be restricted to the male sex of the original description.

The Female of Aeshna Biliosa (Odonata: Aeshnidae)

In a recent issue of this journal (Vol. XXXI (4): 573-577, figs. 1-7, 1938) I described the male of the new species, Aeshna biliosa Kennedy, from Ecuador and Peru. In April, 1939, I received from Mr. William Clarke-Macintyre, Esq., of Bafios, the first female of this species. There is no doubt that this specimen is the female of biliosa because it was collected near Bafios, Prov. Tungurahua, at an elevation of 2,000 meters, which is the general locality and elevation at which the male holotype was taken: because of the size of the female and the clear lemon-yellow face, black T-spot and general color pattern.