Male Dominance Research Articles

Analyzing Feminist Ideologies and Aspirations: A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Last Excerpt of Durrani's My Feudal Lord

The study investigates the last excerpt of Durrani's My Feudal Lord (1994). The study aims to explore feminist ideologies and aspirations expressed in the text. Purposive sampling of the last excerpt of Durrani's My Feudal Lord is done as it concludes the whole book. Fairclough's three-dimensional model is used as a theoretical framework. Findings reveal that, at the description level, values of words and grammatical elements show the contestation between patriarchal thoughts and feminist aspirations. At the interpretation level, the interpretation of the text reveals that Khar, through harsh words, represented patriarchal thought, which is challenged by Durrani and the interpretation of context reveals the silence of women as the primary cause of increasing male dominance. At the explanation level, the excerpt seems non-normative as it challenges patriarchal oppression and empowers women to define their own essence as Durrani decides to break the traditional silence.

Focalization of Afghan Women’s Repression and Resistance in “A Thousand Splendid Suns” and “My Forbidden Face”

Objectives: This study aims to portray the Afghan women’s repression and resistance in two novels written by Khaled Hosseini and Latifa, “A Thousand Splendid Suns” and “My Forbidden Face”. These two diaspora writers’ works show the ways in which Afghan women are trapped by the repression and dominance of local traditions, unequal gender relations, and masculine interpretation of the Qur’an and the Hadist. Methods: This study utilizes the narrative theory which is focalization and narrator to reveal how these women keep struggling to be free from various conflicts in the two novels. Results: The result of this study shows the authors’ works in telling the women who experienced repression and did the resistance both in two novels. The type of fozalizator and narrator in both texts are different. In “A Thousand Splendid Suns” is the external focalizator and the heterodiegetic narrator, meanwhile in “My Forbidden Face” is internal focalizator and homodiegetic narrator. Conclusions: This study concludes the strength of the words, phrases, and sentences used by the two authors are able to show male domination and oppression of female characters in the two texts. The women are internalized by Afghan patriarchal local culture. They could not get their freedom to determine their life.

Pigeon racing in South Africa: Exploring the socio-economic nature and extent of this 'unknown sport'

This research addresses the paucity of academic exploration into pigeon racing, a globally recognized sport with limited scholarly attention. While prior studies focused on ornithology and medicine, this paper pioneers a comprehensive examination from a geographical perspective. Employing a quantitative methodology, the study surveyed 712 members of the South African National Pigeon Organization (SANPO), providing a nuanced understanding of demographics, organizational structures, subjective values, and economic impacts within pigeon racing. The study's findings reveal the dominance of males in the sport, its multi-generational nature, and widespread participation across diverse income groups. SANPO, with 3,540 members, emerges as a crucial entity in the sport's landscape. The paper categorizes fanciers into small, medium, and large groups based on bird ownership, presenting insights into their socio-demographic context and motivations. Pigeon-related activities are explored, emphasizing the sport's familial and youth development aspects. The economic analysis highlights the industry's substantial job creation and estimates its total economic worth between R528,968,608 and R1,620,390,112. By shedding light on this understudied sport, the research aims to stimulate further academic exploration and provide a foundation for informed discussions on the cultural, economic, and social aspects of pigeon racing.

Ecofeminism and Cultural-Value System in Traditional Paddy Farming: A Folklore from West Borneo

Ne’ Balungkur represents the inherited living value of traditional paddy farming lived by Dayak Kanayatn. Concerning the ecofeminism ideology, this study aims to reveal the existence of women and nature in traditional paddy farming in Ne’ Balungkur folklore in relation to the cultural-value system. Enriching the ecofeminism perspective in this study, the community prominent figure of the Dayak Kanayatn community was interviewed to give triangular validity to the data interpretation. Exhibiting comprehensive ecofeminism analysis to show the representation of woman empowerment through Dayak Kanayatn's code of conduct in planting to harvesting paddy is the main contribution of this study. Ne’ Balungkur demonstrates how women of the Dayak Kanayatn tribe are respected for their roles in traditional paddy farming and cultivation. This woman’s role in Ne’ Balungkur folklore challenges the customary male supremacy in Indonesian agriculture. This study is also able to identify the pattern of the cultural-value system. The pattern of the domain, taxonomy, componential, and cultural theme analysis shows that the current religious system, which blends ritual, custom, and religion into a single thought, has always been entwined with culture and education. Numerous opportunities for incorporating local folklore especially from West Borneo into official educational contexts are suggested by this study

Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: Assessment of Contributing Factors

Abstract: Background: The frequency of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) assessed worldwide is 13.4% (11.7-15.1%), and cases with ESKD demanding renal replacement therapy are calculated to be between 4.902 and 7.083 million. Several factors prompt anxiety and depression in hemodialysis cases. These include co-morbidities, frequent hospitalizations, habitual pain, sleep disturbances, chronic inflammation, increased fatigue, uremia, failure of family support, non-compliance to adjunctive therapeutics such as restrictions in diet and fluids, and dependence upon treatment and health professionals. Objective: To assess the frequency and contributing factors for incidents of depression, stress, and anxiety in hemodialysis patients. Materials and Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional study conducted at the Karachi Institute of Kidney Diseases from February 2023 to March 2023, the obtained minimum sample size was 194. Data was collected with the help of DASS 10 questionnaire. The data was entered and analyzed by using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 22. Data significance was analyzed using Chi-Square test keeping P- value ≤0.05 as significant. Result: A total of 194 participants were recruited in the study, gender distribution recorded male dominance at 103 (53%) and females at 91 (46%). 139 (71.6%), the mean value of the length of dialysis was 15.4 ± 4.9 years while the mean days of dialysis were 2.7 ± 1.3. Moderate depression was reported in 101 (52%) of the study participants, while severe depression was reported in 25 (12.8%). Anxiety was reported as mild most frequently with 133 (68.5%) while stress was reported as mild in 48 (24.7%), moderate in 83 (42.7%), and severe in 63 (32.4%) with a p-value of 0.214. We identified a positive association of severe depression, anxiety, and stress with age ≤ 45 years in general, while participants from the upper middle class reported stress more frequently. Conclusion: This study concluded that compromised socio-economic status, young age, and higher prognosis rates are contributing factors for depression, anxiety, and stress in hemodialysis patients. Keywords: DASS, Depression, Hemodialysis, ESKD, Stress, Anxiety.

A Theoretical Comparison of Alternative Male Mating Strategies in Cephalopods and Fishes.

We used computer simulations of growth, mating and death of cephalopods and fishes to explore the effect of different life-history strategies on the relative prevalence of alternative male mating strategies. Specifically, we investigated the consequences of single or multiple matings per lifetime, mating strategy switching, cannibalism, resource stochasticity, and altruism towards relatives. We found that a combination of single (semelparous) matings, cannibalism and an absence of mating strategy changes in one lifetime led to a more strictly partitioned parameter space, with a reduced region where the two mating strategies co-exist in similar numbers. Explicitly including Hamilton's rule in simulations of the social system of a Cichlid led to an increase of dominant males, at the expense of both sneakers and dwarf males ("super-sneakers"). Our predictions provide general bounds on the viable ratios of alternative male mating strategies with different life-histories, and under possibly rapidly changing ecological situations.

Gender disparities in gastroenterology and hepatology conferences: The journey towards equality.

This study scrutinizes gender representation in invited faculty and conference committee leadership at key gastroenterology and hepatology conferences in Pakistan over fiveyears, exploring the impact of the "glass ceiling" and "sticky floor" phenomena on gender diversity within academic medicine. This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and March of 2023. The three major national societies of gastroenterology and hepatology in Pakistan that had been established for more than 10years and the scientific programs of their annual conferences, which were publicly accessible, were included and coded as Society 1, Society 2 and Society 3 to maintain anonymity. The scientific programs for the last fiveyears (2018-2022) were retrieved. The roles of invited faculties were identified as invited speakers, moderators, chairs/panelists, presidents and chairs of organizing or scientific committees and the gender makeup of the faculty was compared. Regression analysis was used to evaluate the trends for female representation over time for each role. Significant gender disparity was evident by an extremely lower cumulative proportion of female invited faculty compared to males (211 [11.9%] vs. 1567 [88.1%], p 0.001). The predominance of invited male faculty was observed across all societies as well as in various roles of invited faculty (p 0.01). A significant disparity has also been observed in leadership positions of all three societies (43 [95.5%] males vs. 2 [4.5%] females, p 0.001), while the trend of women's underrepresentation across all societies remained almost unchanged over time (slope = 0.08, R2 = - 0.078, p-value = 0.875). Our study unveils striking gender disparities in women's representation as invited speakers and other roles at the annual scientific conferences of major gastroenterology and hepatology. Additionally, male dominance remains entrenched, notably in leadership positions, necessitating a proactive, multifaceted approach to rectify gender inequities.

Positive and Negative Gender Role Beliefs and Intimate Partner Violence.

An ethnically diverse sample of 384 male and female undergraduates was assessed for their gender role beliefs based on positive (family responsibility) vs. negative (male dominance and female submissiveness) aspects derived from Hispanic cultural traditions. Negative male and female gender role beliefs were significantly positively correlated with reported victimization by and perpetration of severe intimate partner violence (IPV) for both men and women. Positive male gender role beliefs were negatively correlated with reported victimization by and perpetration of IPV for both men and women, with women also providing some evidence that positive female gender role beliefs were associated with less IPV.

“It’s not a convention book for damsels”: Literature and Women at the Turn of the Twentieth Century An Example from Feminal

Based on a specific case: a Luís Via review of Caires vius by Víctor Català (pseudonym of Caterina Albert i Paradís) published in 1907 in the Catalan magazine Feminal, this article aims to review two broader issues from the field of literary criticism with a gender perspective: first, the role of women’s magazines as an ambivalent space – alternative, but also ‘subaltern’ – in relation to a literary and publishing system characterized by male dominance; second, the ways in which the admission of women’s writing emerges as tension within this field of forces situated astride the nineteenth and twentieth century.

A STUDY OF FEMALE IMMORTAL IMAGES IN THE "CHAOYUAN XIANZHANG TU"（朝元仙仗图) FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE MYTHIC-ARCHETYPAL CRITICISM

This paper intends to apply the mythic-archetypal critique to study the concept archetypes of human collectives and the archetypes in Taoist literature and mythology corresponding the feminine immortal images in the "Chaoyuan Xianzhang Tu." By means of image and word juxtaposition, the study investigates the emotional impacts of female immortal images on modern audiences as well as their contribution to current feminist movements. Aiming to clarify the several metaphors and underlying logic of the development of Taoist female immortal images as a symbolic system, this study analyses the Song Dynasty Taoist painting "Chaoyuan Xianzhang Tu," based on the mythic-archetypal criticism, attempting to visually reproduce mythological archetype images in the portrayal of characters in the image. The study examines the various metaphors in Taoist imagery related to the mythic-archetypal perspective, forming three hierarchical functions: "Great Mother Goddess- The Queen Mother of the West (王母) - Flowers and Fruits," "Anima-Female Immortal Worship-Female Immortal Head Portrayal," and "Eternal Life-Feathered Being-feathered sleeves," all of which allude to the ideological implications of Taoist female immortal worship. Frequently, the symbolic, artistic, and meaningful aspects of Taoist art surpass the literal intent of the surface. The "myth-archetype" theory can be used to interpret these images, thereby guiding contemporary viewers to obtain insights into themselves through Taoist visual arts and providing a potential solution to death anxiety. Additionally, the interpretation of female immortal images offers a novel possibility: the integration of yin and yang, which eliminates traditional male dominance and the concomitant "one-sided, self-centered" feminism. This perspective is applicable to the development of contemporary feminist theory. Keywords: Taoist painting, female immortal images, mythic-archetypal, feminist movements,

Study on analysis of gender disparities among the first authors of publications on Menetriers disease

The disparities in gender representation within academic writing highlight pervasive social prejudices and inequalities, with male researchers predominating in both quantity and visibility, perpetuating a cycle of unequal representation. This imbalance limits the diversity of perspectives in intellectual discourse. However, there has been a noticeable increase in the representation of female authors, breaking traditional gender barriers. This research article aims to investigate gender disparities among first authors in medical literature concerning Menetrier's disease over the past 22 years. A cross-sectional study of 130 relevant publications from PubMed between January 2001 and December 2022 was conducted, analyzing the gender distribution of first authors using SPSS software. Results indicate that 70.7% of the articles had male first authors, with intermittent periods of female author prominence. While countries like China, Spain, and Italy showed relatively equitable gender ratios, others such as Japan, Turkey, India, and the Republic of Korea exhibited significant male dominance. However, no significant association between gender and country of authors was found. Despite these findings, limitations include potential errors in gender determination methods, focusing solely on first authorship, and overlooking contributions from co-authors, while the selected journals and countries may not fully represent global gender disparities.

Ingrid

AbstractThis article examines the female figure in Pontoppidan’s “A Love Adventure” (da. “Et Kærlighedseventyr”) (1918 and 1930). The female protagonist, the wife of a priest, Ingrid, leaves her husband and children in favor of a life with the philosopher Gabriel Vadum. Where the first edition (1918) finds a solution, the late edition is more socially realistic in its view of women’s conditions. The consequence is here, that her legal husband refuses to let her see her children, which destroys her. Pontoppidan shows in this novel how a destructive male domination can prevent female emancipation – in this case through the freedom of love. In addition, the article shows how a figure such as the saving female-figure is carried forward from romanticism and further into the Modern Breakthrough.

“GALATIFICATION” OF WOMAN: AN EXAMPLE OF LITERARY NEOLOGISM AS A PATRIARCHAL ATTITUDE TO WOMAN

Throughout the centuries of patriarchal society, women have been shaped, identified and educated from a male perspective under male domination. However, in the 20th century, women began to challenge this perspective and seek their own identities. New words were introduced into the literature to replace many discriminatory and degrading concepts and definitions of patriarchy against women. To introduce a new term to literature on gender, this study focuses on the derivation of a new word through neologism based on the unnamed female statue in “Pygmalion”, the well-known story of Ovid. Based on the name “Galatea” given to the female statue in the following centuries, the word “Galatification” was derived as a noun denoting the education, shaping and identification of a woman by her husband or father, making her acceptable to that man. The word was produced in accordance with the linguistic structure of English with suffixes, and was presented as a verb meaning “to Galatify” and as a noun meaning “Galatification”. Furthermore, this concept, developed upon Ovid's story, was explained practically in William Shakespeare's famous comedy The Taming of the Shrew, written in the 1590s, through the taming of the female character Katherine by the male character Petruchio. Shakespeare used the verb “tame” in the title as a demeaning expression to imply that a woman is made acceptable to a man through transformation from a wild animal into a domestic animal. Here, Shakespeare's character Petruchio replaces Pygmalion in Ovid, and both men sculpt and shape the woman who will enter their lives like a kind of statue, and this action can be expressed as the “Galatification of woman”.

ERTRÄUMTE RÄUME DER FREIHEIT: LUISE MÜHLBACHS PROTAGONISTINNEN ZWISCHEN REALITÄT UND WUNSCHVORSTELLUNG

ABSTRACTOn the basis of selected works by the ‘Vormärz’ writer Luise Mühlbach, this article examines the extent to which the writer's assertions relate to the image she portrays of her protagonists. This question seems all the more interesting because Mühlbach was socially and politically engaged, practised social criticism and pleaded for a change in the situation of women. The upheavals in the social and political spheres of the nineteenth century enabled Mühlbach to include aspects of women's emancipation in her writing. The focus of this article is on her portrayal of female protagonists. In addition, it questions whether Mühlbach's women accept their role in life, or whether they are able to protest against male domination and thus to secure their freedom.

Patriarchal Influence on Contraceptive Use and Reproductive Decision Making: A Study on Selected Areas in Sirajganj District

This study explores the relationship between contraceptive use, reproductive decision-making, and patriarchal influence in rural Bangladesh, focusing on deeply rooted gender norms and power structures. Using a cross-sectional qualitative and explorative research methodology, data were collected from 50 respondents, both male and female, in Chandaikona and Debrajpur villages in Sirajganj District through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The findings reveal significant gender disparities in contraceptive use, with women bearing the primary responsibility due to societal norms and male dominance. While previous research has emphasized women's roles in family planning, this study uniquely addresses how patriarchal norms influence men’s involvement in contraceptive use. The results show that men, despite their significant role in decision-making, are reluctant to actively engage in family planning, perpetuating traditional gender roles. Additionally, instances of domestic abuse and coercion in reproductive decisions highlight women's vulnerability within patriarchal households. The socio-cultural stigma surrounding male contraceptive use further reinforces the imbalance, supporting the belief that contraception is mainly a woman's responsibility. The study underscores the urgent need for inclusive and equitable reproductive health programs that engage both genders. By addressing patriarchal norms and advocating for comprehensive reproductive health education, Bangladesh can progress towards a more egalitarian society where individuals have autonomy in making reproductive decisions. The findings emphasize the necessity of interventions to empower women and challenge traditional gender roles, ensuring more balanced and informed contraceptive practices within communities.

Kathryn Lasky, “Women’s Voice Counts”

The American women did not await the 21st century to express their disapproval of matters of general interest. At every stage of human history, they always assert their presence as agents of social development and promoters of liberties; they prove their ability to serve humanity. In all parts of the world, despite the deliberate ideological restrictions inflicted upon them, they show integrity, decency, and honesty; their pragmatism, literacy, actions, and ideas serve as bow. Those qualities enable them to free themselves from all forms of ostracism and subjugation. Along the march of history, when defending their common cause, some of them sometimes lose their lives, others are incarcerated, but the survivors remain committed and hopeful. They continually fight to climb the social ladder. In socio-professional and political sectors where men are hostile, they demonstrate absolute resilience. A retrospective glance at the US history helps to revivify the American women’s involvement. Labeled as vulnerable and passive beings, they embark on a timeless struggle whose purpose is to restore their tarnished image and dignity. Better still, their awareness enables them to eradicate the prejudices, social inequalities, and barriers, which disadvantage and devalue them. Like other Western countries, the United States has a long tradition of marginalizing women. Its excluding policy is narrowly connected with patriarchal tradition; a practice, which emerges not only in the family sphere, but also on the political stage, where women are deprived of their suffrage. In such circumstances, they suffer from male domination with impunity. That burning social injustice is pictured by writers, such as Kathryn Lasky whose literary works pay tribute to the American suffragists for their boldness and great sense of duty in the construction of democracy in America. As a field par excellence for the symbolization of social facts, literature appears as a location where the American women’s bravery and ingenuity are realistically expressed. Therefore, the study of Laskian female characters’ trajectories through the textual prism is advantageous. For that purpose, the use of Derridean deconstruction as a methodological tool will be helpful. This will scrutinize the political scope of Laskian female characters’ struggle for suffrage through two axes: “A masculinized political system” and “women’s awareness and US democracy.”

Women's experiences in the aftermath of the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes in Türkiye: A phenomenological study

This study aimed to understand women's experiences related to health problems and needs after the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake, considered the “disaster of the century.” This study employed phenomenology, a qualitative research methodology, and used criterion sampling, a type of purposive sampling. The participants included women who had experienced both the major Kahramanmaraş earthquakes; whose houses were damaged in the earthquakes; who had to live in tents, cars, or other shelters; and who had been in the earthquake zone for about a month. Semi-structured interviews were used as a data collection tool to elicit women's thoughts and experiences after the earthquakes. The interviews were conducted face-to-face in a calm environment by taking the necessary precautions and recording the audio with the participants' written consent. The interviews lasted at least 25 min and at most 45 min. For evaluating the data, the researchers used descriptive and content analyses. After transcribing the voice recordings, the researchers created the code categories and themes. The study identified four themes: “burden of responsibility,” “security,” “care needs,” and “male dominance.” Using participants' statements directly in the findings increased the study's internal validity. The study's findings indicate that women continued to fulfill their social, childcare, and family care roles after the earthquakes. The findings suggest that during this period, women faced housing and security problems, their special needs were ignored, their needs were affected by male dominance, and they were subjected to physical and psychological violence.

Aufarbeitung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Erziehungswissenschaft (DGfE) zum Umgang mit sexuellen Gewaltverhältnissen in pädagogischen Kontexten aus männlichkeitstheoretischer Perspektive

Sexual violence is a gendered phenomenon. It is linked to the establishment of male dominance, which is why the majority of perpetrators are male and why girls, non-binary young people and marginalized groups of boys are at higher risk of experiencing sexual violence than relatively privileged boys. Also, victimized boys face particular challenges in processes of disclosure because of norms of masculinity. These norms imply a dominance over others, particularly the objectification of non-male bodies, thereby contributing to the legitimization of sexual violence. A critical reappraisal of sexual violence – here understood as including both research and justice work – therefore must take into account gendered analyzes of the phenomenon, including theories of masculinity. The article elaborates this view and discusses possible conclusions for the critical reappraisal of the GERA’s handling of sexual violence in educational institutions based on masculinity theory.

La presencia de cuernos determina el rango social de carneros Dorper

The aim was to determine if the presence of horns on rams defines whether they are high-ranking or low-ranking. Dorper rams (n = 20) were evaluated to determine their social rank (SR), either high (HSR) or low (LSR), under intensive management conditions. Upon SR classification, the morphometric variables horns presence (HP) or absence (HA) and distance between them, the height at the withers, body length, thoracic perimeter, and scrotal circumference, male odor, body weight, and body condition score were registered. Afterward, semen evaluations were performed, recording the ejaculated volume, sperm concentration, and mass motility. There were no differences (p > 0.05) for the morphometric variables between the groups. However, HP as well as semen quality were higher (p < 0.05) in HSR males. The presence of horns in the rams determined their social rank and the dominant males showed better semen quality than the subordinate males.

Intimate Partner Violence during pregnancy: Impact on women and children: A Review

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is one of the major causes of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder and can have a negative impact on the mother during pregnancy. This review aims to understand the health consequences of IPV on maternal mental health so that effective interventions and policies can be developed and implemented to provide support to victims, promote gender equality, and prevent adverse maternal outcomes. Methods: A systematic search was conducted as per the PRISMA guidelines. Computer database researches were conducted using the following databases: Google Scholar, Psych INFO, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. The literature was screened by titles and abstracts and by applying keyword search. The following keywords were searched: women, violence, domestic violence, intimate partner violence, IPV, pregnancy, antenatal, conception, maternal health, child health, mental health, and maternal mental health. The literature search was done from 2014 to 2024. Results: IPV not only poses adverse effects on the well-being of the victim but also disrupts the stability of the environment of the home. It impacts the health, nurturing care, and overall development of the child. Children born to mothers exposed to violence during pregnancy may have lower birth weights and experience higher rates of mortality, preterm births, and lower Apgar scores. The negative effects of IPV on child health also extend beyond the child's cognitive development, impacting the academic performance of their peers. Conclusion: A vast majority of the incidents involving IPV go unreported due to fear, shame, stigma, or lack of awareness. This can affect the accuracy of the actual data of prevalence. In addition, societal norms, gender stereotypes, and male dominance may add to the effects of IPV, making it difficult for the victims to seek help.