Malaysia Perlis Research Articles

Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions and Technostress: A Proposed Framework for the Malaysian Technical University Network Students

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of IND-COL of Hofstede’s Cultural Dimension that can determine the level of technostress experienced by undergraduates’ students in the Malaysian Technical University Network (MTUN) institutions with the presence of Perceived Instructor Support (PIS). More specifically, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of Horizontal Individualism (HI), Vertical Individualism (VI), Horizontal Collectivism (HC) and Vertical Collectivism (VC) and the experience of technostress among undergraduates’ students of MTUN institutions with PIS as a mediator. For the purpose of this study, the simple random sampling technique will be utilized. This is done to ensure that each and every student studying in MTUN institutions has an equal opportunity of being selected as a sample. As part of a quantitative research approach, a series of questionnaire questions will be distributed to a total of 380 undergraduate students studying in Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah (UMPSA), Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) and Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM). This research seeks to present some determinant variables to minimize technostress and maintain a desired technology and digital literacy among undergraduates’ students in Malaysia by referring to the IND-COL of Hofstede Cultural Dimension and Person-Environment (P-E) Fit Theory.

The Role of Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) In the Socioeconomic Development of Perlis State Through a Social Entrepreneurship Approach

This study examine the role of Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) in leveraging social entrepreneurship as an approach to drive sustainable socioeconomic development within the state of Perlis, addressing the unique challenges and opportunities faced by the region. While previous studies have recognized the potential of social entrepreneurship in promoting sustainable development, there is a need for more context-specific research examining the unique challenges and opportunities faced by individual institutions and regions. The case of UniMAP in Perlis presents an opportunity to contribute to this body of knowledge and provide practical insights. The study employs a qualitative research design, utilizing document analysis, semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and observational techniques. Data analysis involves thematic analysis, content analysis, and triangulation approaches to ensure credibility and validity of findings. The findings reveal UniMAP's multifaceted community engagement activities, including outreach programs like the "Jom Belajar" program supporting over 500 underprivileged students, service-learning projects such as the solar-powered water purification system, research collaborations like the "Perlis Padi Wangi" project introducing a high-quality rice variety to 150 farmers, social enterprise incubation supporting ventures like "EduKampung" providing over 10,000 hours of online tutoring, and partnerships with local stakeholders and the state government addressing socioeconomic challenges in Perlis. The study underscores UniMAP's vital role in driving socioeconomic development in Perlis through social entrepreneurship, aligning with the state's development goals like the "Perlis Agropreneurship Vision 2025" and contributing to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It provides a model for other Malaysian universities and contributes to the broader understanding of integrating social entrepreneurship within higher education for sustainable development.

Efficiency Analysis of a Passive Daylighting System Based on Northern Malaysia’s Climate

Daylighting design strategy is important in order to have adequate lighting source in a room and necessary to decrease energy consumption for artificial lighting. Passive daylighting system utilizes daylight by collecting, reflecting and diffusing the natural light throughout a given area. The purpose for this study is to monitor, compare and analyse an optimum light pipe system design that can scatter daylight into a room based on three case studies. Lighting analysis was conducted using Autodesk 3ds Max Design software throughout the project based on the actual geographical parameters of Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia and also using the real sun azimuth on working hours. The results were compared according to the respective designs in order to observe the maximum internal illuminance and the average internal illuminance. The results show that the straight geometry with low aspect ratio produces the highest interior light intensity among other light pipe systems and the average internal illuminance values in the room was able to reach the minimum requirement of a small room which is 200 – 500 lux.

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. 1. Type of peer review: Double anonymous 2. Conference submission management system: Morressier 3. Number of submissions received: 69 4. Number of submissions sent for review: 61 5. Number of submissions accepted: 49 6. Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 71.00 % 7. Average number of reviews per paper: 2.00 8. Total number of reviewers involved: 43 9. Contact person for queries: Name: Nor Wahidatul Azura binti Zainon Najib Affiliation: Universiti Malaysia Perlis - Faculty of Civil Engineering & Technology Email: norwahidatul@unimap.edu.my

Preface

14 December 2023 Tuanku Syed Faizuddin Putra Library, UniMAP, Perlis https://civentech.unimap.edu.my/ The International Conference on Civil Engineering & Technology 2023 (CIVENTECH 2023) took place on December 14, 2023, at the Tuanku Syed Faizuddin Putra Library of Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP). The conference was organized by the Centre of Excellence for Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth (WAREG) and the Faculty of Civil Engineering & Technology (FKTA), UniMAP as co-organizer. This event sponsored by Shan Poornam Metals Sdn Bhd, CIMA Berhad, XSD Paper International Sdn Bhd and Watertech Industrial Sdn Bhd. The conference aimed to provide a specialized platform for researchers, academicians, and industry practitioners to share their expertise and exchange ideas related to the latest developments in Civil and Environmental Engineering research. The conference was conducted in a hybrid mode, accommodating both face-to-face and virtual participation, which enabled broader engagement from local and international participants. There are 10 sessions CIVENTECH 2023 brought together researchers from diverse backgrounds, promoting knowledge enhancement and the establishment of sustainable research networks for future collaborations. Two esteemed keynote speakers were invited for the plenary sessions, i.e., Ir. Dr. Zuraida Zaini Rijal (Senior Engineer, Civil and Structural Engineering Branch, JKR Malaysia Headquarters) and Ts. Naidatul Maziah Latif (Senior General Manager in the Management Sector Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) Malaysia). This event was also enlivened by the presence of an invited speaker i.e. Dr. An Hong Ki (Senior Lecturer, FKTA, UniMAP). In summary, the success of the conference is a team effort. We would like to thank all the organizing committee, keynote and invited speakers, sponsors and participants, for their invaluable contributions and support, which made this event a great success. We would also like to extend our gratitude to the reviewers for their positive contribution to maintaining the quality of the articles presented in this proceeding. List of Conference Committees are available in this Pdf.

The 6th International Conference on Civil and Environmental Engineering (CENVIRON) 2023 Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)

It is with great pleasure and enthusiasm that the Faculty of Civil Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) present the proceedings of The 6th International Conference on Civil and Environmental Engineering (CENVIRON) 2023, hosted in conjunction with The Global Trends in Engineering, Science & Technology Congress 2023 (GTEST2023). This edition’s theme, “Enhancing Liveability and Sustainability through Green Technology,” highlights our dedication to investigating cutting-edge solutions that promote a more liveable and sustainable society. The hybrid conference, held on September 4 – 5th, 2023, at the Sabah Room, World Trade Centre (WTC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, gathered academicians, researchers, and practitioners from around the world together. We honourably welcome our keynote and invited speakers Associate Professor Dr. Filippo Giustozzi, RMIT University, Australia and Professor Dr. Sumate Chaiprapat, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand.CENVIRON’s principal goal is to provide an effective forum for the sharing of knowledge, research findings, and technology breakthrough. This conference is critical in encouraging collaboration and creativity within the community as we traverse the ever-changing landscape of sustainability in civil and environmental engineering subjects aligned to SDG 6, 11, 12 and 17. The primary subjects addressed in this conference include, the:1. Environmental Sustainability and Green Practices,2. Water Management and Quality,3. Environmental Health and Safety,4. Urban Ecology, Transportation, and Pollution ControlWe would like to express our heartfelt appreciation to the individuals and organisations who made this event possible. Prof. Dato’ Ts. Dr. Zaliman Sauli, Vice Chancellor of Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), and Assoc. Prof. Ts. Dr. Zulzikrami Azner Abidin, Dean of the Faculty of Civil Engineering & Technology, and the Research Management Centre UniMAP’s team deserve our warmest gratitude for their outstanding support and coordination. We also thank our valued co-organizers from Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh, and Universiti Teknologi Malaysia for their combined efforts.Without the kind sponsorship of Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB), Master Jaya Green Technology, Mega Jati Academy Sdn. Bhd. and Pentas Flora Sdn. Bhd., this conference would not have been possible. Their financial assistance has significantly facilitated the expansion of CENVIRON, enabling us to provide a prestigious and comfortable venue for vital discussions and the exchange of knowledge.The conference’s geographical scope was not restricted to the physical venue alone. On September 5, 2023, we expanded our reach to the Tuanku Syed Faizuddin Putra Library, Universiti Malaysia Perlis Main Campus, Perlis, Malaysia, in addition to the World Trade Centre in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. This dual-location strategy sought to increase participant accessibility and participation. The conference used a hybrid strategy that included both physical and online sessions. The 11 attendees in person had a rich programme with two parallel sessions, while the 53 participants who joined remotely via the Google Meet platform had nine parallel sessions. Each presentation, including the Q&A, was allotted 20 minutes, guaranteeing a lively and participatory atmosphere.Participants, both actual and virtual, contributed enthusiastically to the various sessions hosted on the Google Meet platform. The chairpersons’ and co-hosts’ joint efforts over nine various links facilitated smooth sessions and vibrant debates. We urge you to explore the wealth of knowledge offered in these proceedings, which demonstrates the community’s dedication to furthering Earth and Environmental Science. We hope that the ideas offered during the 6th CENVIRON will spark additional study, collaboration, and technical breakthroughs for the benefit of our global community.List of Executive Committee, Organizing and Technical Committee are available in the pdf.

The Development of Food Waste Management in Universiti Malaysia Perlis

Due to changing lifestyles and population expansion, food waste is currently on the rise. A large amount of food waste can lead to a number of issues, including those that impact the environment and public health and are caused by ineffective food waste management. The objective of this study was to determine physical and chemical properties of manual composting and composting machine. Two methods for composting to manage the food waste produced such as manual composting bin and composting machine were conducted. Firstly, temperature results obtained for manual composting is 33°C while composting machine is 56°C. However, nitrogen results obtained for manual composting and composting machine are 1.4 % and 2.1 % while phosphorus result obtained for manual composting and composting machine are 4.5 mg/L and 4.23 mg/L. After that, for potassium results obtained for manual composting and composting machine are 3.02 mg/L and 2.2 mg/L. Lastly, the best method to manage food waste is manual composting based on data analysis, manual composting achieved the most optimal range for all parameters and making the best compost in this research compare to composting machine. Food waste generation rate for 8 cafeteria per week is 0.079 kg/capita/week and 28.96 kg/capita/year for a year.

Understanding Whistleblowing Intention Among Public Sector Employees in the Northern Region of Malaysia: Does Gender Matter?

The objective of this study is to determine the factors influencing whistleblowing intention among public sector employees. This study utilized the Theory of Prosocial Behavior which includes contextual determinants (policy and procedure, training, responsiveness of management, reporting channel, financial reward, seriousness level of wrongdoing) and individual determinants (knowledge, trust) as independent variables while whistle blowing intention is the dependent variable. Additionally, this study also includes gender as a moderating variable in the relationship between the contextual and individual determinants toward whistleblowing intention. The data was collected from 123 public sector employees in the northern region of Malaysia (Perlis, Kedah, Penang) from various ministries via an online survey questionnaire and analyzed using SmartPLS. This study found that there is a significant relationship between all independent variables and whistleblowing intention, except for the responsiveness of management. Additionally, gender was found to be significant in the relationship between several independent variables and whistleblowing intention.

Preface

The International Conference on Man Machine Systems (ICoMMS) 2023 was held in hybrid on the 4-5 September 2023. The conference was organized physically at The World Trade Centre (WTC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in conjunction with the Global Trends in Engineering, Science and Technology Congress (GTEST 2023) as well as virtually via online platform. This is to allow others who still facing travelling restrictions to join and participate in the conference. ICoMMS 2023 is the 8th edition of the conference organized by the Mechatronic Engineering Programme, Faculty of Electrical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, with the Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sensor Technology (CEASTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, in collaboration with Technische Hochschule (TH) Koeln, Germany.ICoMMS 2023 aims to provide all participants, both presenters as well as the attendees, a platform to exchange new information, ideas and applications specifically in the domain of Man-Machine Systems. The conference tracks or topics are including, but not limited to, Man-Machine Systems, Artificial Intelligence and Applications, Internet of Everything, Signal and Circuits Systems, and Industrial Design and Automation. This year theme of ‘Humanizing Technology for Society via Man-Machine Systems’ has attracted 46 presented papers from all around the world, as well as 29 attendees from local companies and institutions.On behalf of the conference organizers, we would like to thank the management of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering & Technology, Research Management Centre and Universiti Malaysia Perlis for the continuous support. Our gratitude also goes to all reviewers for their willingness in reviewing the papers. Their feedbacks to the authors have been excellent and useful to ensure high quality papers for the conference. Our next appreciation to the keynote speakers, Prof. Dr. Karl Kohlhof from TH Koeln, Germany and Prof. Dr. Alejandro Frery from Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, for sharing their knowledge and experiences with respect to respective topics in Man-Machine Systems. Our sincere thanks also go to our main sponsor, IDERIA Sdn. Bhd. for their generosity, and to all participants from all around the world for participating in the conference. Last but not least, to the organizing committee members for their hard work, cooperation and insights in ensuring the success of this conference.List of Editors are available in this Pdf.

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.• Type of peer review: Single Anonymous• Conference submission management system: Morressier• Number of submissions received: 37• Number of submissions sent for review: 36• Number of submissions accepted: 28• Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 75.7• Average number of reviews per paper: 2.892857142857143• Total number of reviewers involved: 33• Contact person for queries: Name: vil cherd teoh Email: vcteoh@unimap.edu.my Affiliation: Universiti Malaysia Perlis

Peer Review Declaration

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.1. Type of peer review: Double anonymous2. Conference submission management system: Morressier3. Number of submissions received: 1574. Number of submissions sent for review: 965. Number of submissions accepted: 446. Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 28 %7. Average number of reviews per paper: 3.308. Total number of reviewers involved: 889. Contact person for queries:Name: Associate Professor Dr. Syahrul Ashikin AzmiAffiliation: Faculty of Electrical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, MalaysiaEmail: ashikin@unimap.edu.my

Preface

On behalf of the organizing committee, we would like to welcome all participants to the Fourth International Conference on Emerging Electrical Energy, Electronics & Computing Technologies 2022 (ICE4CT 2022) here in Kedah, Malaysia from 28 - 29, December 2022. ICE4CT 2022 is our fourth conference, jointly conducted by Faculty of Electrical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UNIMAP), Nandha Engineering College, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India and Centre of Excellence for Renewable Energy (CERE), UniMAP. The fourth edition was conducted in hybrid mode. The physical sessions including inaugural ceremony, keynote address and technical paper presentation sessions were conducted on 28, December 2022 and online technical paper presentation sessions and closing ceremony were conducted on 29, December 2022 in Google Meet online meeting platform.ICE4CT 2022 is an important event that brings academics and researchers from around the world to share our professional experiences, expand our professional networks and receive updates on the latest advances in the field of Electrical Engineering & Computer sciences. The keynote speeches are among the events not be missed by all participants. A prominent and vast experienced speaker Prof Dr. Dylan Dah Chuan Lu, University of Technology Sydney, Australia shared knowledge as well as his latest research ideas and findings in his field.Also, ICE4CT 2022 would have not been successful conference without the submissions of technical papers from researchers who have invested their time & energy writing about variety of topics which includes High Voltage Engineering, Insulation Technology, Power Electronics & Energy Efficient Drives, Computer Vision & Image Analysis, Data Mining & Cloud Computing, Wireless Communications, Medical Informatics, Internet of Things (IoT) applications & many more. As such, we would like to thank all the authors for supporting ICE4CT 2022 and wish you a fruitful discussion.Finally, ICE4CT 2022 would not be possible without the dedicated work and efforts of the organizing committee and its cadre of volunteers who worked tirelessly to develop and strengthen every aspect of the conference. We wish to express our gratitude for your hard work and commitment towards making ICE4CT 2022 a grand success.List of Committee is available in this pdf.

Scientometric Analysis of Global Research on the Utilization of Geopolymer Composites in Construction Applications

This study conducts a scientometric review on the use of geopolymer mortar and composites in different construction applications. It aims to analyze the findings of past research and reveal the research constituents, development trends, and knowledge gaps. The Scopus database was employed to retrieve the relevant publications, while Bibliometrix was used to conduct the statistical analyses. Results revealed a steady and gradual increase in the number of publications after 2013, as the annual growth rate increased from 23.9% to 45.2% between the timeframes 2003–2013 and 2014–2022, respectively. The analysis highlighted that many authors collaborated on different construction applications of geopolymers regardless of geographic location. Meanwhile, Construction and Building Materials, China, and Universiti Malaysia Perlis were found to be the predominant journal, country, and institution, respectively. The scientometric analysis showed that the most frequently investigated applications for geopolymer mortars and composites were fire resistance, corrosion protection, and repair. Research gaps highlighted that other applications are not as well investigated despite the promising performance of the geopolymer composites, including 3D printing, heavy metals absorption, environmental protection, and underwater applications. Future research is required to assess the use of other alumina and silica-rich binders in geopolymers while also exploring their lifecycle assessment and economic impact.

4th International Conference on Green Environmental Engineering and Technology (ICONGEET2022) November 17-18, 2022 · Seoul, South Korea

Preface The 4th International Conference on Green Environmental Engineering and Technology (IConGEET 2022) was a hybrid conference and physically took place in Seoul, Korea on 17-18th November 2022. IConGEET2022 was jointly organised with the 4th International Conference on Green Engineering and Technology (IConGeTech2022). The conference was organized by the Sustainable Environmental Research Group (SERG), Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis. The conference received international and local collaboration, support and participation from the National Institute for Research and Development in Environmental Protection (INCDPM) Romania, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam as well as local universities in Malaysia.It brought together researchers, practitioners, engineers and students worldwide in hope to extend networking, integrate knowledge and exchange ideas among participants. This year, the theme “Driven Technologies toward Sustainable Environment” is driving exciting breakthroughs to help sustaining our planet. Overcoming the engineering challenges of high performance, interoperability and security is critical to delivering next-generation solutions for decreasing emissions, minimizing waste and preventing pollution. Over 70 distinguish researchers, practitioners, engineers and students from across the country have presented their current and intriguing research in the scope of civil and environmental technologies and management, which evolved around five major areas: water and wastewater technology, green technology, air pollution and climate change, environmental management and protection as well as environmental sustainability and development.The conference has gained incredible success due to collective efforts from the organizing committees, the co-organizers, the reviewers, presenters, and all participants. We would like to thank all the reviewers involved in ensuring each contributed paper were refereed and accepted based on interests, relevance, innovation and pure contribution towards environmental engineering and technology fields. Putting together, the success of the conference is a team effort. I am grateful to all the committee members who worked very hard to make this event a successful one. Finally special thanks go to the Universiti Malaysia Perlis for the continuous support throughout the conference event.List of Editors, Organisers, Committee, Organizing & Technical Committee are available in the pdf.

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.1. Type of peer review: Single anonymous2. Conference submission management system: Morressier3. Number of submissions received: 704. Number of submissions sent for review: 665. Number of submissions accepted: 436. Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 61.4%7. Average number of reviews per paper: 1.198. Total number of reviewers involved: 319. Contact person for queries:Name: Norazian Mohamed NoorAffiliation: Sustainable Environment Research Group (SERG), Center of Excellence Geopolymer & Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)Email: norazian@unimap.edu.my* means value has been edited

Magnetic Field Exposure Effect on Water Properties and its Effect on Pumpkin(Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) and Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus Moench) Seedling Growth Performance

This study aims to understand the effect of magnetic field on water properties and plants growth performance. Magnetic water is produced when water is passed through a magnetic field which alters the state of water macromolecules. The changes to physico-chemical properties of magnetized water affect the biological properties of organisms. This experiment was conducted at a greenhouse in the Institute Sustainable Agrotechnology (INSAT) experimental farm, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Padang Besar, Perlis, Malaysia. It carried out according to Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The magnetic field was applied on water to evaluate through three different intensities; 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 Tesla, in addition to control treatment (without magnetic) for seedling growth of pumpkin (CV. Labu Loceng) and okra (CV. Bendi Alabama). The morphological study of water and study of seedling height, stem diameter, leaf numbers, seedling weight and dry weight of seedling are researched. The magnetic water at 0.20 Tesla had significantly increases in the leaf number per seedling 6.000 leaf seedling-1 and dry seedling weight 0.5700 g of pumpkin. Meanwhile, the magnetic water at 0.20 Tesla increased significantly in seedling height, stem diameter, leaf number per seedling, seedling weight and dry seedling weight of okra reached to 13.750 cm, 2.677 mm, 5.500 leaf seedling-1, 1.7800 g and 0.3369 g, respectively compared to control.

The Collaborative Effort and Efficiency of Inquiry-Based Learning

This study investigates the effect on the teacher's performance of collaborative effort and efficiency of inquiry-based learning. It also determines the impact of the mediating role of student performance. The research framework was constructed based on the unified technology acceptance and use of technology theory. A quantitative analysis was done with surveys to collect primary data from the teacher and lecturers of Malaysia. The researcher used a Likert scale of 7 to evaluate elements of the building. This study focuses on the top 10 public university students in Malaysia. The universities are University Malaya (UM), University Kembangan Malaysia, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), University Since Malaysia (USM), University Technology Malaysia (UTM), Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), University Technology Mara (UiTM), University Malaysia Perlis (UniMap), and University Tun Hossain (UTHM). Finally, researchers selected the total number of students, 368,881, which is the population of this study. Using systematic random sampling with an interval, researchers sent students an electronic link to respond to a Google Doc questionnaire. This is a unique study in the field of teacher performance that used a diverse and necessary variable known as teaching pedagogy. Therefore, it uniquely integrates leading pedagogy variables into teacher performance. The result of this study helps to meet the education qualification requirement (EQR), and the newly acquired knowledge from this study may help spur the development of the education sector. In addition, it may provide an extensive understanding of making government policies for educational institutions.

A novel approach for improving germination rate of Mucuna bracteata

To ascertain the best possible method for deed treatment that would enable germination and seedling growth of Mucuna bracteata, the experiment was carried out at the experimental farm of Institute of sustainable Agro technology, University Malaysia Perlis, Padang Besar, Perlis, Malaysia. The design of the experiment was based on the Completely Randomised Design and it consisted of four replications. The results of the experiment indicated that when the seeds are treated in a blender for 2 minutes, it considerably improves the speed of germination, percentage of germination, mean daily germination, fresh shoot, dry shoot weight, and shoot to root fresh weight ratio. On the other hand, when the seeds were soaked in H2SO4 for 30 minutes, there was an improvement in the total fresh weight, mean germination time, dry root weight and total plant dry weight. When the seeds were treated in a blender for 4 minutes, it substantially improved the germination value, the peak value, and the total number of leaves per plant.
 

Intake Manifold Material Selection and Fluid Flow Analysis for Formula Society of Automotive Engineers (FSAE) Race Car

The Formula SAE competition is organised for students who want to design and build a Formula-style race car. To limit the car's performance for safety and to encourage problem-solving skills, a 20mm restrictor was installed between the carburetor and the intake manifold to reduce air intake. When airflow is restricted, a bottleneck effect occurs, and less air is supplied to the engine for combustion, lowering engine efficiency. The goal of this project is to find a solution to this problem within the rules' limitations. This is accomplished by selecting an intake manifold that provides the best uniform distribution through each outlet and selecting a material that can withstand engine stress and vibrations while maintaining a relatively low temperature to ensure consistent velocity and pressure. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software is used to analyse the design's fluid flow, static, and thermal analysis, and the results are compared for each design. The best design and material will be used on the Universiti Malaysia Perlis Automotive Racing Team (UniART) race car

International Conference on Civil and Environmental Engineering 2022 (CENVIRON2022) Special Issue on Sustainable Environment & Communities August 29-30, 2022 · Penang, Malaysia

Editors Ayu Wazira Azhari, Naimah Ibrahim, Fahmi Muhammad Ridwan, Razi Ahmad, Norazian Mohamed Noor, Ho Li Ngee, Farrah Aini Dahalan, Ilya Joohari, Shamilah Anudai & Zulkarnain Hassan. Organiser Center of Excellence, Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, MalaysiaFaculty of Civil Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, MalaysiaSchool of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China Preface The International Conference on Civil and Environmental Engineering 2022 (CENVIRON2022) - Special Issue on Sustainable Environment & Communities took place on 29 – 30 August 2022 at Penang, Malaysia. The conference was jointly organized by the Center of Excellence, Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, the Faculty of Civil Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China.This conference brought together researchers, practitioners, engineers and students worldwide in hope to extend networking, integrate knowledge and exchange ideas among participants. This year, the theme “Towards safe, resilient and sustainable cities for humankind” takes an in-depth look at cutting edge research and development that address major topics in various environmental sustainability-related research. Over 70 distinguish researchers, practitioners, engineers and students from across the country have presented their current and intriguing research in the scope of civil and environmental engineering and technology, which evolved around six major areas: water protection, water resources and hydrology, technologies for water management, energy and water, air and noise and sustainable materials.The conference has gained tremendous success due to collective efforts from the organizing committees, the co-organizers, the reviewers, presenters, and all participants. Special acknowledgment goes to the keynote speakers who assent our invitation and successfully delivered interesting talks to catch all the participants’ attention. The keynote speeches were delivered by Professor Dr. Kun Guo from the School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University China with the topic “Microbial electrochemical technology for energy and resource recovery from wastewater” and Professor Ar. Dr. Abdul Razak Sapian from the Kullliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Malaysia with the topic “Madani Built Environment”We would like to thank all the reviewers involved in ensuring each contributed paper were refereed and accepted based on interests, relevance, innovation and pure contribution towards the civil and environmental engineering and technology fields. Acknowledgement and gratitude also goes to Astasoft Sdn. Bhd. and Mega Jati Academy for sponsoring this conference. Finally special thanks goes to the Universiti Malaysia Perlis for the continuous support throughout the conference event. Che Zulzikrami Azner Abidin Chairman,International Conference on Civil and Environmental Engineering 2022 (CENVIRON2022)Special Issue on Sustainable Environment & CommunitiesList of Committee is available in this pdf.