Majority Of Victims Research Articles

Trauma and Maternal Caregivers as Risks for Executive Function Deficits Among Youth Who Have Sexually Harmed.

Despite robust research linking trauma events to the commission of sexual harm by youth, the majority of victims do not become victimizers, imploring us to study potential interceding influences. Some research indicates that intermediary factors like attachment characteristics, trauma symptomatology, and executive functioning may be critical in understanding sexual harm committed by youth. This study explored relationships between trauma events, trauma symptoms, and attachment characteristics, and their relationship to executive functioning in a sample of 196 youth who committed sexual harm. Results revealed bivariate associations between trauma events, symptomatology, and maternal attachment characteristics. Structural equation modeling revealed numerous direct and indirect effects on the path to deficits in executive functioning, and that sexual abuse, above and beyond other forms of traumatic events, contributed to executive functioning deficits via trauma symptoms. The results are contextualized and implications are discussed.

Characteristics and patterns of older adult homicides in the United States

BackgroundNearly 1800 homicides were reported in 2018 among individuals aged 60 years or older in the US. The characteristics and circumstances of these homicides are understudied. We investigated the trends of homicides over time and compared victim, perpetrator, and incident characteristics by mechanism (firearm vs. non-firearm) among adults aged 60 years or older.MethodsWe examined cross-sectional restricted-access data from the National Violent Death Reporting System from 2003 to 2017. Fatal Injury Data by CDC provided age-adjusted homicide rates. We quantitatively summarized victim, perpetrator, and incident characteristics for firearm and non-firearm homicides. We also reviewed 150 qualitative narratives to better understand the context of older adult homicides perpetrated by firearms. All data were analyzed in February 2020.ResultsOverall and firearm-specific older adult homicide rates increased between 2014 and 2017. Of the 6188 victims, 62% were male. The majority of victims (68%) were killed at home. Firearms (44%), sharp (19%) and blunt weapons (15%) were common mechanisms used in older adult homicides. The perpetrator was an intimate partner in 39% of firearm homicides and 12% of non-firearm homicides (prevalence difference = 27%; 95% CI: 25, 30%). Similarly, homicide-suicides (prevalence difference = 21%; 95% CI: 19, 22%) and multiple-victim incidents (prevalence difference = 7%; 95% CI: 5, 8%) were more common in firearm (23 and 13%, respectively) than in non-firearm (2 and 6%, respectively) homicides. Common contexts of firearm homicides were familial/intimate partner problems, robbery/burglary, argument, and illness.ConclusionsA substantial number of older adults were killed with firearms and by their intimate partners. Further research to identify violence victimization prevention strategies in this group, especially those that limit access to firearms by potential perpetrators, is warranted.

Pattern of flame burn injury in Dibrugarh district of Assam: An autopsy based analysis

Burn injuries are the second major cause of trauma-related deaths only exceeded by motor vehicular accidents, both in the developing and developed world. Burn due to flame or fire is common in this region. To find out epidemiological patterns and cause of death in the flame burn as data on it is not available even though the most common cause of burn in this region. This cross-sectional observational study was carried out at the Department of Forensic Medicine, Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh from 1st July 2014 to 30th June 2015. A total of 224 cases died of flame burn brought for autopsy were taken for study. A thorough post-mortem examination was done on every case following standard procedure. Data were recorded in the proforma especially prepared for this purpose. Out of 1436 medico-legal deaths, 224 (15.60%) was due to flame burn. The majority of victims were female 186 (83.03%), married, and belong to 21-30 years of age group. Victims were mostly from rural areas, unemployed, and literates. Kitchen 129 (57.60%) was the main place of occurrence. The majority suffered more than 80% burns of TBSA and died within 24 hours 92 (41.07%). The hypovolemic shock was the most common cause of death. Until the economic condition is improved and lifestyle changes among the people, the fire-related problem must rise in countries like India. Young age groups and unemployed were most among victims. Burn incidents decrease with increasing education level. Economic improvement and change of lifestyles will help in reducing burn-related problems.

An Autopsy Based Study about Epidemiological Profile of Deaths Due To Hanging in Central India Region, Madhya Pradesh

This is a 1 year autopsy based prospective study carried out on cases of death due to hanging in mortuary of Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Mahatma Gandhi memorial Medical College and M.Y. Hospital, Indore, (M.P.) between February 2019 and January 2020. In our study, 172 cases (134 males & 38 females) of death due to hanging brought for medico legal post mortem examination were taken. The most common age for hanging is found to be between 21–30 years in 36.63% cases. Hindus constituted 93.02% of total study population. 57.56% were married and 42.44% cases were unmarried. Hanging deaths occurring in urban areas (83.14%) outnumbered that of rural area (16.86%). 45.35% cases had completed their secondary education. 61.04% incidences happened in nuclear families. Students (30.81% cases) and self employed persons (30.81% cases) constituted more than half of total cases. Majority of victims (72.09% cases) in this study belonged to the middle class socio-economic group, with 19.77% brought in on Wednesday followed by Sunday in 16.86% cases. In our study, majority of victims were found at night time (in 36.63% cases) followed by early morning (in 25.0% cases). 95.93% cases were found hanging at indoor locations.

Deaths following drowning in Sri Lanka - a retrospective study

Introduction: Deaths following drowning are a common occurrence in Sri Lanka. Individuals drown in different circumstances like suicides, accidents and homicides. A study of this nature would be useful for prevention of such incidences and as a baseline for future studies. Objectives: With regard to victims of drowning to determine; the demographic profile, circumstances, autopsy findings and contributory factors for drowning. Methodology: Information was extracted from records of 59 drowning cases in the years 2008-2017. Data were analysed using the statistical package SPSS Version 22. Results: Majority of deaths (37.3%) were within the age of 11-30 years. Twenty-six-point five percent (26.5%) of accidental deaths were within the age group 11-20 years. The circumstances were accident (57.6%), suicide (22 %) and not known whether accident or suicide (20.3%). The common places of accidental drowning were sea (20%), Tank (20%) and canal (18 %.) The well was the most common place for suicides (54%). Majority of victims were unemployed (37%) and labourers (25%). Froth in the nostrils (54.2%), Emphysematous expanded lungs (63%), rib indentation on the lungs (61%) froth in the airways (61%) and pulmonary oedema (66%) were observations which were suggestive of drowning. Environmental factors (41%) and alcohol consumption (20%) are among the possible contributory factors. Conclusion: Majority of the deaths are accidental. Environmental factors and alcohol consumption may play contributory roles. Awareness programmes targeting young adults will minimize accidental deaths.

A GHASTLY RISING RATE OF PREVENTABLE PEDIATRIC BURNS: WE NEED TO ACT

ABSTRACT
 Objective: To ascertain the increase in paediatric burn admissions in our tertiary care facility. Find various causes of this trend and assess the morbidity and mortality in paediatric population, and suggest remedies.
 Study Design: This is a “descriptive case series study”
 Place of Study: This Study was conducted during September 2017 to August 2019 at Department of Burns & Plastic surgery.
 Materials and Methods: Total number of acute burn admissions under 12 years were recorded. Subdivided this group into 0 to 2 years and 2 to 12 years. We assessed epidemiology, sex, cause of burn, mode of admission, location of incident, type of first aid given, mortality, and compared results during two equal halves of this period. We used SPSS 20 for data analysis.
 Results: 504 (49.85%) were pediatric acute burn admissions. Their age ranged from 25 days to 12 years (mean 5 ±1.2 years). 152 were infants/toddlers aged 0-2 years. 270 male and 234 females. 316 were direct admissions. There were 72.43% more pediatric burn admissions. 381 were scalds, 91 flame burns, 21 electric burns and 11 chemical burns. There was 11.94% improved survival among burn patients. Two temporal peaks, largest in summer from May to Jul and second in Dec to Feb.
 Conclusion: There is an increasing trend in acute pediatric burn admissions. Majority of victims did not receive proper first aid. We need to start a very aggressive campaign on print and electronic media for public education.

Scorpion Stings in Tehran Province, Iran: A Seven-Year Hospital-Based Study

Background: Scorpion sting is an important public health problem in Iran. This study aimed to describe the demographics, clinical and laboratory findings of the scorpion stings victims in Tehran Province. Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study evaluated demographic characteristics, clinical presentations, laboratory findings, treatments, and disposition of scorpion sting patients in Tehran Province, Iran, during 7 years (2012-2018). Results: A total of 199 cases of scorpion sting cases with a mean (SD) age of 30 (18.7) years were studied. The majority of patients were males (62.8%). The most affected age group was 20-30 years (31.1%). The majority of victims (45.7%) were residents in the southern districts of Tehran. The yellow scorpions (33.2%) were responsible for a larger number of envenomations. Most of the stings have been occurred in summer (68.8%). Also, the most affected limbs were hands and legs (94.4%). Most patients (58.8%) had localized manifestations, and the common systemic clinical presentations were hypotension (41.7%) and hypertension (17.1%). Also, the common laboratory findings increased blood urea nitrogen (48.7%), hyperglycemia (20.1%), and anemia (15.1%). The polyvalent anti-scorpion serum had been administered for 33.2% of victims. All patients had been recovered and were discharged in good condition without any complications. There was no fatality report. Conclusion: The demographic characteristics of scorpion sting in Tehran Province are similar to those previously reported from other Iran provinces. It seems that the incidence and clinical severity of scorpionism in Tehran are lower than those compared to other tropical and sub-tropical zones in Iran.

Firearms and protective orders in intimate partner homicides.

To determine differences among intimate partner homicides (IPH) by whether or not a firearm was used in and whether a protective order (PO) was filed prior to IPH. We identified all incidents of IPH recorded in the National Violent Death Reporting System from 2003-2018, based on the relationship between victim and perpetrator. We characterized incidents, perpetrators and victims in IPH cases by whether or not a firearm was used, and whether a PO had been sought or issued prior to the IPH. We identified 8,375 IPH incidents with a total of 9,130 victims. Overall 306 (3.3%) victims were killed in a firearm IPH with PO, 4,519 (53.9%) in a firearm IPH without PO, 176 (2.1%) in a non-firearm IPH with PO and 3,416 (40.7%) in a non-firearm IPH without PO. Based on review of incident narratives, 5.4% (n=451) of incidents involved a previously-granted or sought PO, and none of which had explicitly mentioned firearm removal as a part of the PO. The majority of victims were killed with a firearm. Prior literature suggests that POs with firearm removal may be effective strategies for reducing risk of IPH, but we found no documentation in the narratives that firearm removal was a condition in the POs identified. As very few IPH narratives included documentation of a PO, it is likely that ascertainment of PO status is incomplete and could be an area for improvement in NVDRS data collection efforts.

Postmortem injury quantification for the fatally injured cyclists in the Osijek–Baranja county over a 21-year period

Objective The objective of this study was to quantify injuries in fatal cyclists’ traffic crashes by performing injury analysis and determine injury trends as well as main epidemiological data of the cyclists’ fatalities. Methods The study was organized as a cross-sectional retrospective study, which included 125 cyclists’ fatalities autopsied at the Clinical Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Clinical Hospital Center Osijek from 1998 to 2018. We applied The Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS©) classification for all fatally injured cyclists in traffic crashes and determined the severity of injuries by body region from the description of injuries reported in the autopsy report. Results The majority of victims in our study (80%) were male and older than 45 (80.8%). A significant majority of cyclists (78.4%) were not wearing a helmet at the time of the fatal crash. For the rest of the cyclists (21.6%) we were not able to establish if they were wearing a helmet at the time of the crash based on the traffic police reports. Most of those who died on the spot or during transport had severe injuries to three or more ISS body regions (26/46 = 54%) and the majority of deceased cyclist had severe injuries to the head and brain, regardless of the time of death. Older cyclists died on the spot with lower injury severity scores (ISS). Conclusions Measures against dangerous cycling behavior such as driving under the influence of alcohol and driving without the helmet could lead to reduction of fatal, and probably, non-fatal bicycle crashes. We believe that policy change regarding mandatory helmet usage is of upmost importance. Injury analysis can provide us with valuable information regarding where the focus of treatment should be among severely injured cyclists as well as where the prevention should be targeted. Further injury analysis studies are needed, with studies including both fatal and non-fatal crashes. The Abbreviated Injury Scale represents a valuable system for describing (coding) and quantifying the severity of injuries during autopsies.

Carcinoma of the Rectum: A Clinicopathological Evaluation of Patients in Tertiary Care Hospitals

Background: Colorectal carcinoma is the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. The rectum is the most frequent site involved. The disease is no less common in our country in comparison to western world. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and to review the clinicopathological aspects of carcinoma rectum in different ages in our country.
 Methods: This is a prospective observational study which includes 50 cases of carcinoma rectum which were admitted under different surgical units of Dhaka Medical College Hospital and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University during the period of November 2007 to December 2008.
 Results: The present study showed maximum incidence of carcinoma rectum in the age group 21-30 years. Next common age group was 31-40 years. Incidence declined after 60 years. Majority of victims were male giving a male to female ratio of 1.17:1. As regards the mode of clinical presentation, most patients presented with bleeding per rectum. Majority of patients in this study was moderately anaemic. Curative resection was possible in 54% cases, palliative resection in 38% and palliative end colostomy was done in 4% cases. Only 2% mortality was reported in this study. Histopathological grading showed that poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of rectum was more common in younger age group.
 Conclusion: Younger patients with carcinoma rectum have several distinct clinicopathological features. Since early diagnosis is essential to improve the cure rate for carcinoma rectum, all known procedure tools must be used to detect carcinoma of the rectum in an early stage, in addition to periodic selective investigations of high-risk group.
 Journal of Surgical Sciences (2020) Vol. 24 (1) : 15-20

Profile of Medicolegal Autopsies Conducted at Bundelkhand Medical College, Sagar (M.P.)

Death of humans is often investigated for the causes, in case of crime (such as Murder), accident or diseasethat may continue to kill other humans. Deathoccurs due to natural causes or unnatural causes. The studyof profile of medicolegal autopsies help us in determining crime rate, accident and common diseases in thatparticular area and also helpful in preventing unnatural deaths, improving healthcare system and reflectinglaw and order situation of that area. The present study was based on retrospective analysis of the autopsiesperformed during the period of January 2018 to December 2018 in the Department of Forensic Medicineand Toxicology, Bundelkhand Medical College, Sagar (M.P).A total of 349 autopsies were conducted duringthis study period, of which majority of victims were male 195 (56%) cases. Age group of 21-30 years havingmaximum number i.e. 128 (36.7%) cases. Natural death accounted for 12 (3.4%) cases and unnatural death323 (92.5%) cases. The major cause of death among unnatural deaths was burn in 116 (33.23%) cases,followed byroad traffic accident (RTA) in 106 (30.37%) cases and poisoning in 40 (11.46%) cases. Burnwas the major cause of death in our study, this may be due to smoking, defective electrical wiring, defectivekerosene stove bursts, attempted suicides by self-immolation, homicidal burns of young women by husbandor in-laws (dowry deaths).

Medico-legal trends of firearm injuries

In India, firearm injury is a global issue and causes significant hazards. Firearms and their use are modifiable risk factors which could help reduce the burden of violent death if recognized and addressed. Hospital-based Descriptive Retrospective Research was conducted at the Department of Forensic Medicine S.M.S. Medical College, Jaipur during the period from May 2014 to October 2015. Firearm crime has a burden of 0.49 per cent (115 cases). Males (9:1) outnumber females. Majority of victims were in the age group of the second and third decades. Incidence in female, literate, and rural communities is higher. The most common manner of death was homicides. Property disputes, revenge, and robbery are common factors that underlie these. It takes educational efforts, individual and community approaches to mitigate firearm injuries. The epidemiological reviews contained in this research will enhance our understanding of different forms of firearm injuries, inform interventions and assist in charting directions for future research.

The Awareness of Violence Reporting System Among Healthcare Providers and the Impact of New Ministry of Health Violence Penalties in Saudi Arabia.

PurposeHealthcare professionals are one of the most vulnerable groups subjected to verbal and physical violence daily while carrying out their duties; such violence is a worldwide concern. This study aimed to explore the awareness of a violence reporting system among healthcare providers and the impact of the new Ministry of Health (MOH) violence regulations at one of the Eastern Region hospitals in Saudi Arabia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from January to February 2020. The study included 210 healthcare providers from different specialties working in critical care units. A sample of 137 healthcare providers was selected randomly, and a self-administered questionnaire was distributed accordingly.ResultsIn this study, 31.4% of participants were not aware of whether they had a specific system for reporting violent incidents, while 68.6% had no training on these systems. Experiences of violence among the staff decreased from 78.6% before the MOH regulations to almost 20% after the MOH regulations.ConclusionThe majority of victims did not report incidents because there is a lack of system privacy, and the workers felt that the incidents of violence were a part of their daily jobs. In addition, this study revealed that the majority of healthcare workers did not receive training on the reporting system, which explains their lack of knowledge about the formal reporting system. Finally, the MOH initiative and penalties for controlling workplace violence have resulted in a significant drop in the prevalence of violence among healthcare workers.

The Relevance of Islamic and Customary Law on Concerning of Domestic Violence in Bali's Case Study

This study aims to determine the relevance of Islamic and customary law in Bali with acts of domestic violence, which are related to Law No. 23/2004. This research is a qualitative study with a normative juridical approach, through literature studies and exploration methods from secondary data. The objects examined in this study are Balinese Customary Law, Islamic Law, and Law No. 23/2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence. The case object in this study originated from several cases of domestic violence in Bali. The results of the study showed that domestic violence increased every year, where the majority of victims were women. Several factors cause cases to occur, where the Balinese tradition with the patrilineal system is an important factor that creates a gap between men and women. Referring to Islamic and customary law in Bali does not explicitly explain the rules and sanctions related to internal violence. However, this local regulation still does not justify the existence of acts of violence in the household by applicable law.

Caracterização epidemiológica e sociodemográfica de acidentes de trânsito: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

Objetivou-se caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico e epidemiológico das ví­timas de acidentes de trânsito no Brasil. Método: Revisão Integrativa, realizada nas estratégias de busca SciELO Brasil – (Scientific Electronic Library Online), LILACS (Centro Latino-Americano de Informação em Saúde) e nas universidades brasileiras. Critérios de inclusão: artigos que apresentavam especificidade com o tema, que contivessem os descritores selecionados, publicados entre 2011 e 2019. E os de exclusão: artigos que não contemplavam os objetivos e anteriores a 2011. Resultados: De 52 artigos, restaram 20 como amostra final. Identificou-se que a maioria das ví­timas são homens adultos jovens pertencentes a classe baixa, das regiões Nordeste e Norte e usuários de motocicleta. Os acidentes ocorrem mais comumente nos finais de semana e no perí­odo noturno, sendo a colisão frontal mais recorrente. Entre as principais causas está o fator humano. Conclusão: mediante esses resultados, pode-se afirmar a necessidade de melhorias na legislação e fiscalização do trânsito brasileiro.

Demographic profiles of victims of fatal road traffic accidents in central Indian population: A cross sectional study

The study was carried out in the department of forensic medicine at Government College and hospital, Nagpur over a period of one and half year on 200 dead bodies of victims of road traffic fatalities brought to mortuary for medico-legal post mortem examination. The purpose of study is to analyse the magnitude of deaths due to road traffic accidents and to study the demographic profiles, so the preventive measure can be undertaken. The peak incidence was seen in age group of 21-30 years; males comprised a majority and constituted 83.50% cases. 61.50% cases were belongs to urban area and in 56% cases four wheeler and above were offending vehicle. Majority of victims of road traffic accidents died within 6 hours and head injury was most common cause of death which accounts total 56% cases of road traffic accident deaths. The study emphasis that there should be multi-disciplinary approach and effective road safety interventions to reduce the incidence of RTA, thereby reduction in injuries and deaths on the roads. Keywords: Road traffic accidents (RTAs), Victims, Demographic profile.

A violência virtual contra vítimas mulheres de Belém/Pará

A violência contra mulher é um problema social relacionado a questões históricas de desigualdade de poder entre homens e mulheres, cuja desconstrução e contenção esbarram na relutância das práticas e nos saberes culturais que impedem à aplicação e efetividade das leis de proteção feminina. Este trabalho objetiva estudar a violência virtual cometida contra mulheres de Belém/Pará, nos anos de 2016 a 2018, por meio da análise dos boletins de ocorrência registrados por vítimas do sexo feminino na Divisão de Prevenção e Repressão a Crimes Tecnológicos da Polícia Civil bem como nas demais Delegacias da cidade. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se a técnica de estatística descritiva de dados. Os resultados apontam que há um crescimento da violência contra mulher de Belenense, todavia no ciberespaço esse ritmo é mais acelerado. Constata-se também predominância da violência patrimonial como o dano mais infringido às vítimas. As conclusões desta pesquisa permitem afirmar (a) que a violência contra mulher de Belém não reflete o perfil nacional das pesquisas onde a violência física está em primeiro lugar; (b) impera a violência patrimonial no ciberespaço, onde mulheres de classes sociais C e D, oriundas de bairros “centrais” representam maioria das vítimas.

Risk factors for fatal drowning in a Greek region: a retrospective case–control study

BackgroundFatal drowning is one of the leading causes of unintentional injury mortality worldwide and a persistent public health concern in Greece. While several pathologic and sociodemographic contributing factors have been...

Profile of Medicolegal Autopsy Cases Conducted at Tertiary Care Centre, Kalaburagi, Karnataka

Objectives: The profile of medico legal autopsy cases is important in order to know the death statistics in a region due to unnatural causes. The main objectives of the study were: a) To ascertain the various aspects of unnatural deaths, b) To analyze the probable reasons for the same & c) To find remedial measures to bring down the incidence. Materials and Method: The present study is a retrospective study of autopsies performed at GIMS, District Hospital, Kalaburagi, Karnataka from January 2018 to December 2018. During this period a total of 647 autopsy cases were conducted. Relevant information and subjective data like age, sex, marital status & manner of death have been collected from medicolegal autopsy register from January 2018 to December Results: Out of 647 cases analyzed, maximum number of autopsies were in the age group of 21-30 years with 204 cases(31.5%). Majority of victims were males 437(67.5%). Hindus were majority in number with 540 cases(83.4%), married were 432(66.8%) & unmarried were 215 cases(33.2%). In our study 73% were rural residents & only 27% were urban. Accident, Suicide and Homicide deaths were 282(43.6%), 331(51.2%)& 34(5.2%) cases respectively. Natural deaths were seen in 14% cases. Maximum number of deaths were due to road traffic accidents with 212 cases (32.8%) followed by poisoning with 85 cases (13.1%). Out of total 647 cases maximum number of autopsy cases 317(49.1%) were conducted in the month of May to August. Conclusion: In our present study it is observed that maximum cases were in 3rd decade of life, Males outnumbered females, rural residents were more in number. Hindus being majority formed bulk of cases. RTA, Poisoning & burns were seen as leading cause of death & maximum deaths were in the month of May to August.

Epidemiological study of two wheeler traffic accident victims in medicolegal autopsies

Background: Every year almost 1.3 million people lose their lives as a result of road traffic accidents, contributing to above 3500 deaths per day world-wide. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and distribution of two wheeler accidents leading to fatality. Material & Methods: This was observational cross-sectional study of autopsies performed at the mortuary of Raichur institute of medical sciences, Raichur from January 2016 to December 2016. Data was collected on a proforma. The results were analyzed using Statistical Software Package SPSS version 20. Results: Out of 565 autopsies, 104 cases were victims of two wheeler traffic accidents. Of these RTA victims, 30% autopsies were of those between the ages of 20 and 29 years. The gender distribution revealed a higher prevalence for males (59%) than females (41%). The majority of victims was from urban areas (50%) and was employed group (28%). Conclusion: There was a higher preponderance for males, uneducated and in a young age group. Keywords: Two wheeler accident, Road traffic accident, Raichur