Major Worry Research Articles

Manifestation and Associated Factors of Pregnancy-Related Worries in Expectant Fathers.

Background: During the last decades, fathers have increasingly participated in prenatal care, birth preparation classes, and childbirth. However, comparably little is known about the prenatal emotional well-being of fathers, particularly content and extent of broader paternal concerns that may arise during pregnancy beyond those focusing on childbirth. Thus, the aims of this study were to investigate the manifestation of paternal pregnancy-related worries in a population-based sample and to identify relevant associated factors.Materials and Methods: As part of a longitudinal pregnancy cohort at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany, N = 129 expectant fathers were assessed once during pregnancy. Pregnancy-related worries centering around medical procedures, childbirth, health of the baby, as well as socioeconomic aspects were assessed with the Cambridge Worry Scale (CWS). Additionally, paternal socioeconomic background and maternal obstetrical history, symptoms of generalized anxiety and depression, and level of hostility were investigated, as well as perceived social support. The cross-sectional data were analyzed based on multiple regression analyses.Results: The level of reported worries was overall low. Some fathers reported major worries for individual aspects like the health of a significant other (10.9%) and the baby (10.1%), as well as the current financial (6.2%) and employment situation (8.5%). Pregnancy-related worries were negatively associated with household income and positively associated with anxious and depressive symptoms and low perceived social support. Associations varied for specific pregnancy-related worries.Limitations: Due to the cross-sectional data examined in this study, a causal interpretation of the results is not possible. The sample was rather homogeneous regarding its socioeconomic background. More research needs to be done in larger, more heterogeneous samples.Conclusion: Though overall worries were rather low in this sample, specific major worries could be identified. Hence, addressing those fathers reporting major worries regarding specific aspects already in prenatal care might support their psychosocial adjustment. Fathers with little income, those with elevated levels of general anxious and depressive symptoms, and those with less social support reported higher pregnancy-related worries. Our results indicate the relevance of concerns beyond health- and birth-related aspects that could be relevant for fathers. Measurements developed specifically for expectant fathers are needed to properly capture their perspective already during pregnancy.

COVID‐19 and Fiji: A Case Study

<scp>COVID</scp>‐19 and Fiji: A Case Study

Conflicts of Laws in the Management of the Deceased’s Estate Under Cameroon Legal System

The law of succession is a critical aspect of the law which ensures and guarantees the rights of parties particularly upon the passing away of a person. Hence, the law of succession which is concerned with the legal consequences flowing from death on the deceased person’s property, has several issues worth looking at. However, the major worry becomes the management of the deceased’s estate especially when there arise a conflict of laws in the realization of that. That burden motivates this paper which has as aim to investigate the conflicts of laws that exist under Cameroonian legal system in relation to the management of the deceased estate. To achieve this objective, data is collected with the use of the doctrinal method and the data collected is analyzed with the use of the thematic content approach method. The ensuing result reveals the various conflicts that arise in the law when the managements of the deceased estate is concern under the Cameroon legal system.

Nosso Desafio no Coração do Brasil

Faced with the major health crisis of the century – Coronavirus Disease (COVID19) Pandemic, we could see two waves installing in society: incredulity and fear. This issue was politicized several times and the vast amount of scientific publications made the discussion very controversial and consequently society became more and more confused and insecure.&#x0D; Brasilia - the Capital of Brazil, is the heart of the country, it is centrally located and therefore politically strategic. It was one of the first places in Brazil to spread, under public decree, radical measures of social isolation (such as closing schools, colleges, commerce, and other public places) in mid March / 2020. Only the so-called “essential activities” continued working. When such measures were adopted, the city had just over 50 confirmed cases of COVID19.&#x0D; Concerns about the pandemic moved the entire local health care assistance, with homeric financial investments by hospitals with massive testing for Coronavirus and a reduction in the number of elective surgeries (important profit providers).&#x0D; The Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) Unit, traditionally considered to be a very vulnerable space, gained special focus and numerous efforts were designed to make it virtually a COVID19 free area. The view of doctors during this period was also very heterogeneous, and it varied between fearlessness and major worry. Finding a balance and offering a safe environment for carrying out the procedures proved to be a great challenge, whose building still occurs daily until today.&#x0D; Despite being a hard social, political and economic moment, it would not be appropriate to shoot all over the place like a war. The elaboration of new protocols, periodically reviewed and modified, was carried out based on intense involvement and collaborative works by the Hospital Coordination, the Infectious Diseases Specialists, doctors and multidisciplinary team. The Good Practices policies published periodically by the Medical Societies of Infectious Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplant guided our local protocols.&#x0D; Among the main measures adopted are the testing of patients and caregivers with PCR lab test to check the coronavirus infection before hospitalization, the prohibition of visitors and the use of reverse vestments (use of cloaks, gloves, caps and masks), which although controversial, was used to potentially reduce the risk of coronavirus transmission by asymptomatic health professionals. In addition, daily screening of respiratory symptoms was applied to all caregivers and employees of the unit, in order to identify suspected cases and keep them away before contact with patients. Such measures were crucial to the excellent results achieved and to strengthen the medical teams trust in the hospital logistic and support.&#x0D; According to data published by the Brazilian Organ Transplant Association - ABTO, in the first half of 2020, 31 transplants were performed in two institutions that predominantly receive public institutions patients (3 allogeneic and 28 autologous) and 23 transplants in the private services (18 autologous and 5 allogeneic) - represented by two private hospitals in Brasília1. The peak of the pandemic occurred in July and August 2020, with periods of significant overload in the hospital structure in the public and private sectors. The depletion of resources caused by the pandemic associated with previous institutional issues have compromised the care of adult patients who are candidates for BMT from public services. This fact generated an important patient demand for centers in other regions of the country associated with an increase in the obstacles of moving and welcoming these patients in the pandemic scenario.&#x0D; In private practice, there was a strong and well-structured work-ethic, which allowed the program to continue without impairing the quality of care or the expected outcomes. To date, we have had no cases of death by COVID19 in the scenario of bone marrow transplantation in Brasília, reflecting the efforts and protocols previously mentioned.&#x0D; At this moment, we are experiencing a significant reduction in the number of COVID19 cases in Brasilia, making it possible to observe an increase in the number of patients undergoing transplant procedures. This fact reflects the postponement of treatment of non-urgent cases in the previous three months.&#x0D; After six months of Pandemic, it is essential to recognize the strong presence of the spirit of cooperation, tolerance and patience that has been installed in all the scenarios that permeate the BMT, associated with the relevant growth of all involved. The “new normal” is uncomfortable because it is characterized by restrictions imposed by the pandemic and not by our choices and preferences, but above all it symbolizes our ability to adapt and to have resilience. We are important characters in this memorable historical period, and we carry the desire to continue pulsating in the heart of Brazil.

Causal Time Loops and the Immaculate Conception

The doctrine of the immaculate conception, which is a dogma binding on all Roman Catholics and also held by members of some other Christian denominations, holds that Mary the mother of Jesus Christ was conceived without the stain of original sin as a result of the redeeming effects of Christ’s later life, passion, death, and resurrection. In this paper I argue first that, even on an orthodox reading of this doctrine, the immaculate conception seems to result in a kind of causal time loop. I then consider several common philosophical objections to causal time loops, showing how each is either not a serious problem for causal time loops in general or is not a serious problem for the immaculate conception time loop in particular because of some particular features of that particular loop. The upshot of this discussion is that it shows that anyone who is committed to the dogma of the immaculate conception is also committed to the possibility, and, indeed, the actuality, of at least one causal time loop, but also that this is no reason to reject the dogma, since all of the major worries for causal time loops can be resolved in one way or another.

A WiFi-Based Smart Home Fall Detection System Using Recurrent Neural Network

Falls among the elderly living on their own have been regarded as a major public health worry that can even lead to death. Fall detection system (FDS) that alerts caregivers or family members can potentially save lives of the elderly. However, conventional FDS involves wearable sensors and specialized hardware installations. This article presents a passive device-free FDS based on commodity WiFi framework for smart home, which is mainly composed of two modules in terms of hardware platform and client application. Concretely, commercial WiFi devices collect disturbance signal induced by human motions from smart home and transmit the data to a data analysis platform for further processing. Based on this basis, a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) method is used to eliminate the influence of random noise presented in the collected data. Next, a recurrent neural network (RNN) model is utilized to classify human motions and identify the fall status automatically. By leveraging Web Application Programming Interface (API), the analyzed data is able to be uploaded to the proxy server from which the client application then obtains the corresponding fall information. Moreover, the system has been implemented as a consumer mobile App that can help the elderly saving their lives in smart home, and detection performance of the proposed FDS has been evaluated by conducting comprehensive experiments on real-world dataset. The results confirm that the proposed FDS is able to achieve a satisfactory performance compared with some state-of-the-art algorithms.

Effect of regenerated ionic liquid pretreatment on the thermogravimetric analysis of spent coffee ground

ABSTRACT Ionic liquids are regarded as green solvents and found very effective in the pretreatment of biomass and spent wastes. However, the high cost of ionic liquids is a major worry. In this concern, regeneration could be a feasible solution. In this study, the pretreatment performance of fresh and regenerated ionic liquid (tributyl methylammonium chloride) ([N1444] [Cl])) with respect to their thermal behavior was investigated. It was found that fresh and regenerated ionic liquids improved the volatility of Spent coffee ground from 8.53 to 10.69 and 10.62, respectively, and heating values from 17.53 MJ/kg to 17.62 MJ/Kg and 17.71 MJ/kg, respectively. The reactivity for untreated Spent coffee ground (0.024% min−1°C−1) was improved significantly after ionic liquid treatment (0.047% min−1°C−1). The results suggest that the regeneration of ionic liquids could favor the pretreatment of spent wastes that will ultimately lead to an economical industrial operation.

Female Earnings in the Apparel Industry Post-MFA: Evidence From Pakistan

One of the major worries vis-à-vis the phasing out of the multifiber arrangements (MFA)/agreement on textile and clothing (ATC) in 2005 was that the textile and apparel (T&amp;A) production would shift from the developed to the developing countries and have significant impacts on particularly the female workers, as apparel is a female intensive sector in the world. We explore the effect of MFA/ATC on female laborer by examining the predictions of the theoretical model of Robertson and Trigueros-Argüello in the case of Pakistan. It predicts, based on the assumption that the T&amp;A sector is female intensive, such that an adverse (beneficial) shock to product price will be transformed into a comparative decline (rise) in the T&amp;A wages relative to other sectors in the short run (SR) and a relative drop in wages of female workers compared with wages of male workers across all sectors in the long-run (LR). Our empirical findings of the post-MFA/ATC variations support the predictions of the theoretical model.

SUSCEPTIBILITY TO COGNITIVE AND EMOTIONAL INTERFERENCE IN LATE-LIFE DEPRESSION

Introduction Susceptibility to cognitive interference is common in older adults with major depression. Traditionally susceptibility to cognitive interference is measured with “cold” cognitive tasks such as the Stroop Color Word test. Etkin and colleagues developed an emotional version of the classic Stroop test included as a condition of the Cognitive and Emotional Conflict Test. There are two conditions for this test where participants are presented with photographs of emotional faces portraying either fear or happiness: 1) the “non-emotional task,” where participants identify the gender of the face while trying to ignore congruent or incongruent gender labels displayed across the faces; and 2) the “emotional task,” where participants identify the facial expression as happy to fearful while trying to ignore congruent or incongruent emotion labels displayed across the faces. There is some functional neuroimaging evidence from younger adults to suggest that these two conditions may activate distinct cognitive and emotional control systems. However, little if any behavioral data is available for this task in older adults with major depression. The aim of the current study was to examine the effect of late-life major depression and chronic worry / emotional instability (neuroticism) on the Cognitive and Emotional Conflict Test. We first contrasted test performance in older adults with major depression compared to non-depressed elders and hypothesized that depressed patients would perform worse on both test conditions. We next contrasted test performance in older adults with major depression with either high or low in neuroticism. Considering that adults with depression and neuroticism exhibit worse performance on “cold” cognitive tests and heightened sensitivity to negative stimuli, we hypothesized that elders with depression and high neuroticism would perform worse on both test conditions compared to depressed elders with low neuroticism. Finally, we explored whether the emotion valence expressed by the face in the test stimuli influenced the results. Methods The sample included 118 adults age 60+ with a current diagnosis of major depression based on DSM-V criteria and 43 non-depressed cognitively normal older adults (NC). All participants completed a comprehensive evaluation including a clinical interview with a geriatric psychiatrist and detailed subjective and objective assessment of cognition and mood. The measures relevant to this study included the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), The Cognitive and Emotional Conflict Test, and the neuroticism subscale of the NEO-PI-R. The main outcomes were differences between congruent and incongruent trials on the two conditions of the Cognitive and Emotional Conflict Test. Congruent trials are defined as having the word and picture match, while incongruent is when it is when they do not match. Multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVA) controlling for age and sex were used to test the main hypotheses. Results When contrasting patients and controls, depressed patients exhibited a significantly slower reaction time when completing the non-emotional task (F (1,158) = 4.90, p = .028). No differences were found between groups for reaction time on the emotional task (F (1,158) = .312, p = .577. Contrary to our hypotheses, when these analyses were repeated contrasting depressed patients with high and low neuroticism based upon median split (NEO-PI-R Neuroticism Raw Score = 111), there were no significant group differences on either the non-emotional (F (1,148) = 1.76, p = .187) or emotional (F (1,148) = .104, p = .747) condition. Separating the outcomes based upon emotional expression did not result in significant group differences when contrasting controls versus patients or high and low neurotic patients. Conclusions Compared with non-depressed cognitively normal subjects, older adults with major depression performed slower on a “non-emotional”, but not a presumed “emotional”, interference test. This finding supports evidence suggesting weakness in “cold” response inhibition (presumably dependent on the cognitive control network mediated by the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex) is a prominent deficit in late-life depression. To better understand this test, future studies may wish to examine the correlation with other “hot” (e.g., Iowa Gambling) and “cold” (e.g., Stroop) cognitive tests as well as structural and functional imaging correlates in older adults. This research was funded by: Research was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under linked Award Numbers RL5GM118969, TL4GM118971, UL1GM118970; by National Institute of Mental Health grant R01 MH108578; and by the Leo and Anne Albert Charitable Trust.

Analgesic Medication Shortages: Inform Our Patients via a Shared Decision-Making Process.

Analgesic Medication Shortages: Inform Our Patients via a Shared Decision-Making Process.

Effect of waste foundry sand and glass fiber on mechanical properties and fire resistance of high-strength concrete

Owning to the ever-raise amount of waste materials of industrial by-products, solid waste management is creating the major worry for the globe. This paper carried out the outcomes of an experimental investigation on mechanical properties and fire resistance of concrete with the application of waste foundry sand and glass fiber. Waste foundry sand is a by-product of ferrous and nonferrous metal casting industries, it utilized as partial replacement of fine aggregate (natural sand) and glass fiber as an addition to the voluminous portion of concrete. In this empirical interrogation waste foundry sand and glass fiber have been utilized in five different mix proportions of concrete MP-1 (0% WFS and 0% GF), MP-2 (40% WFS and 0.5% GF), MP-3 (50% WFS and 0.5% GF), MP-4 (40% WFS and 1% GF), MP-5 (50% WFS and 1% GF) in M 35 grade of concrete. The specimen cast and cured 7, 14, and 28 days and the following tests have conducted (compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, and fire resistance). Hence, it indicates that the admirable mix proportion is MP-4 (40% WFS and 1% GF). Owning to it increases compressive strength by12.5%, split tensile strength by 18.57%, and flexural strength by 8.33% at the age of 28 days. Conversely, compressive strength decreases in other mix proportions as compared to control concrete at the age of 28 days. The consequence of the fire resistance test illustrates that MP-4(40% WFS and 1% GF) works elegantly as compare to MP-1 (0% WFS and 0% GF) against the high-temperature of fire.

Online Voting System using Homomorphic Encryption

An important part of a democratically fair society are elections. The conventional democratic framework becomes hard for the individuals who can’t visit the polling stall for casting their votes. With quick advancement of data innovation, online Internet voting framework is all the more intriguing to use for the nations where vote casting cooperation is low and it is too helpful for people living far off from their homes. Security is a major worry for Internet voting system. The proposed framework guarantees security prerequisites for example, validation, precision, secrecy, receipt-freeness, unwavering quality, obviousness and reasonableness in the political race.

Optimization of Mould Base Production using Ranked Positional Weighted Method and Single Minute Exchange of Die System

In the domain of intense global competition, the manufacturers are in need of producing different varieties of products. Successful manufacturing firms in the past have well produced the products based on the minimum amount of requirements in the market. This is so because of customer needs and economy rate is minimum in the past period of time. People like to use molded parts instead of using assembled component in the present days to survey in the market against competitors. So the manufacturer decides to produce a wide variety of mould bases for production and to satisfy the market needs. But the mould base manufacturing is not easier to produce the components to reach the market. It ought to be very much precised and devours more opportunity to produce the component by manufacturer to deliver that in an on-time to market. For this situation, the enterprise which produces distinctive mould bases needs to reduce the lead time is the major fundamental worry of the work. The primary target of this work is to decrease the setup time from 30 minutes to less than 20 minutes for each component. This cannot be accomplished without huge investment and to be versatile for manufacturing different mould parts. This needs special planning to manufacture different moulds. And the result obtained with the help of using Ranked Positional Weighted (RPW) method procedure for an entire operation to calculate the critical path of production of components and also use the Single Minute Exchange Die (SMED) to optimize the setup time in an operation. Results of the research signifies the application of ranking an operation with suitable methodological approach to reduce the cycle time of the production of component to satisfy the market needs

Storm protection services

Coastal Protection![Figure][1] Coastal mangrove forests near Krabi, Thailand PHOTO: CRYSTITE RF/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO The tropics are at increasing risk of storm damage as the climate warms—a major worry, as coasts also concentrate human populations. Many coastlines in the tropics are, or once were, bordered by mangrove woodland. Mangroves colonize and stabilize the intertidal zone, not only providing habitats for terrestrial and marine organisms but also buffering storm surges, winds, and saline intrusion. However, these forests are at risk owing to land reclamation for building, agriculture, and other economic activities. Hochard et al. calculated the global value of mangroves in protecting human activities against tropical cyclone damage. From 23 mangrove-fringed countries, they observed human activity by satellite mapping of nighttime light. Regions with narrow (6-meter) strips of mangrove suffer greater permanent economic loss over the next 6 years than do communities protected by 25 meters of mangroves or more, despite disaster-mitigation responses. This work underscores the importance of restoring natural infrastructure for the benefit of vulnerable communities, as well as biodiversity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 116 , 12232 (2019). [1]: pending:yes

"Re-examination of the Family Law Detection of Overall Risk Screen (FL-DOORS): Establishing fitness for purpose,"Correction to Wells et al. (2018).

Reports an error in "Re-examination of the Family Law Detection of Overall Risk Screen (FL-DOORS): Establishing fitness for purpose" by Yvonne Wells, Jamie Lee, Xia Li, Evelyn S. Tan and Jennifer E. McIntosh (Psychological Assessment, 2018[Aug], Vol 30[8], 1121-1126). In the article, the "Parent Not Coping" scale in Table 1 is missing the item "Major worries about coping." (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2018-23400-001.) Conflicted parental separation is associated with escalating risks to wellbeing and safety for all family members. The Family Law DOORS (FL-DOORS, Detection Of Overall Risk Screen) is a three-part framework designed to assist frontline workers to identify, evaluate, and respond to these risks in separated families. The FL-DOORS system includes a 10-domain parent self-report screening measure, covering child and parent wellbeing, cultural and social risks, and safety risks experienced by and initiated by each parent. A first validation study of this screen was conducted with the first 660 separated parents to complete the measure at a frontline community agency, and found robust psychometric properties (McIntosh, Wells, & Lee, 2016). This paper presents a revalidation study of FL-DOORS screening measure with a new cohort of 5,429 separated parents, including 1,642 pairs. Our aim was to evaluate whether FL-DOORS was fit for the purpose of indicating a range of safety and wellbeing risks in separated families. We repeated internal scale reliability and concurrent and external criterion validity analyses. Original subscales were largely confirmed, and validity analyses were extended through a Multi-Trait Multi-Method (MTMM) approach. In this second larger cohort, the FL-DOORS screen was again found fit-for-purpose as an indicator of domestic violence and wellbeing risks in separated families. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

"Development and validation of the Family Law DOORS": Correction to McIntosh, Wells, and Lee (2016).

Reports an error in "Development and validation of the Family Law DOORS" by Jennifer E. McIntosh, Yvonne Wells and Jamie Lee (Psychological Assessment, 2016[Nov], Vol 28[11], 1516-1522). In the article, the "Adult not coping" scale in Table 1 is missing the item "Major worries about coping." (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2016-04479-001.) When former spouses experience distress and dispute following separation, risks to well-being and to safety are heightened for all family members. Reliable family-wide risk screening is essential. The Family Law DOORS (Detection of Overall Risk Screen) is a 3-part screening framework to assist identification, evaluation, and response to safety and well-being risks in separated families. Uniquely, the Family Law DOORS screens for victimization and perpetration risks and appraises infant and child developmental risk. The Family Law DOORS self-report screening tool is the subject of this report. Internal scale reliability and concurrent and external criterion validity for the Family Law DOORS were estimated with a community sample of 660 separated parents, including 181 mother-father pairs. Overall psychometric properties are strong and demonstrate good potential for the Family Law DOORS to support early risk detection for separating families. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Worries of open source projects' contributors: Patterns, structures and engagement implications

Several organizations depend on open source software (OSS) code or talent but scholars have expressed concerns about OSS projects sustainability because of the challenges they face and their high dependency on volunteers' contributions. Acknowledging that (1) challenges that contributors worry about may impact their level of engagement (2) there have been few research on nonpathological worry with non-clinical samples in work-related context as opposed to the pathological and clinical focus (3) calls have been made for further empirical research on equifinality perspective at a micro- and meso-level (or group level) as opposed to organizational level, and from a behavioral perspective. This exploratory research uses factor and cluster analysis to derive empirical worrying profiles and examines profile differences in the relative level of relevant antecedents as well as equifinality in terms of contributors' engagement (hours per week working on OSS projects). Based on an open dataset from a worldwide survey (N = 1024), the study reveals the existence of four dimensions of OSS worry construct and five worrying profiles with marked configurational differences: no major worry (34.70%), major worry on software quality (19.30%), major worry on attraction and retention (18.60%), major worry on entrepreneurial responsibilities (12.40%), and major worry on communications (15%). Among the five profiles, two profiles exhibit equifinality with high (equifinal) engagement level.

Security Preserved Data Acquisition Process for Keen Grid Applications Using Cloud Innovation

The progressions made in the savvy meters have empowered the mechanized procedure of the charging arrangement of purchaser electrical utilization. So as to mechanize the errand of charging frameworks, cloud based charging model has been recommended. This sort of open source model can be effortlessly recognizable and altered by the outsider assailants. Henceforth, information security is the major worry amid information procurement and transmission process. This paper devises the cipher text arrangement–Attribute Based Encryption(CP-ABE) for accomplishing productive and anchored information learning show for the shrewd matrix frameworks. A community oriented key is produced for unscrambling the information for the approved client that upgrades the security of the framework. At first, they got information is protected with the entrance control approaches. The information proprietor who has the synergistic key can get to the touchy information or disaster will be imminent, the trait repudiation show confines the information consent. Thus, we can reluctantly illuminate the key escrow issues with diminished capacity utilization in the cloud information sharing frameworks. Trial examination has demonstrated the productivity of the proposed CP-ABE as far as time taken for key age, encryption and unscrambling process. It delineates that the proposed CP-ABE performed better.

Microbial Degradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Factors Influencing the Degradation Process

Hydrocarbon compounds have been noted to reside the family of neurotoxic and xenobiotic organic pollutants and nowadays petroleum hydrocarbon compounds continually being a major natural worry because of the development of petroleum oil extraction and related products which have major ecological issue. Oil seepage normally happen by mishaps pumping, transportation and refining and petroleum products consist of carcinogenic and mutagenic compounds which could have several consequences on biotic and abiotic factors of the ecosystem. Mainly two methods such as mechanical and chemical methods are normally used to remove hydrocarbons from contaminated places have effectiveness and can be expensive. Bioremediation is the best and advance technology for the treatment of these contaminated places because it is not much expensive and will lead to whole mineralization. Microbial degradation is the major and ultimate natural mechanism by which one can clean up the petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants from the environment. Many indigenous micro-organisms in water and soil are able to degrading hydrocarbon contaminants. A number of limiting factors have been recognized to affect the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. This review summarizes the microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons aerobically and anaerobically and various factors that influencing the process. It may be concluded that microbial degradation can be considered as a key component in the cleanup strategy for petroleum hydrocarbon remediation.

Industrija 4.0 kao odgovor na jaz u produktivnosti u evropskim zemljama u razvoju?

The recent productivity growth slowdown, experienced both in developed as well as in emerging EU economies, has become a major worry for both companies and policy makers. The emerging technologies of Industry 4.0, spurring the fourth industrial revolution, are expected to slow down the decline and improve productivity trends. However, the implementation of new technologies in Europe is slower than desirable, with significant differences across countries, sectors, company sizes, and export orientation. This paper explores the effects of new technologies on productivity growth in emerging economies and proposes a comprehensive policy approach that would stimulate companies to adopt Industry 4.0 technologies. It must be built on the analytical-diagnostic approach, taking into account the already achieved levels of development and the specifics of a country. It should consider domestic and foreign experiences (i.e., have an eclectic view) as well as tit-for-tat (carrot and stick) strategies.