Major Textbooks Research Articles

Early warning signs in misrecognized secondary pediatric psychotic disorders: a systematic review.

Childhood psychotic symptoms are not uncommon, but lack an evidence-based diagnostic approach. Hallucinations, delusions and other psychotic symptoms, without endangered vital symptoms, can be the result of a primary psychiatric disorder or can be the presenting symptom of an underlying somatic disease. It is important to discriminate between these origins because their diagnostic and therapeutic approaches differ substantially. We searched the existing literature to present a first overview of warning symptoms of underlying somatic disease in children with psychotic symptoms. We obtained data through a study of major textbooks and guidelines, and through a systematic review in PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO databases. We included case reports, cohort studies, and reviews. Results show that symptoms related to an underlying somatic disease are quite diverse and resemble symptoms of a primary psychotic process to a large extent. So there exist no (new) early warning signs. These findings are, crucial as they are mainly in contrast to current common knowledge and make the differential diagnosis even more critical and complex. A further prospective cohort study is necessary in an attempt to create a diagnostic algorithm for psychotic symptoms in children.

Implementation of an Innovative Tablet-based Curriculum for Radiology Resident Education

The aim of this study was to prospectively examine the impact of a tablet-based curriculum on the radiology resident educational experience. A comprehensive tablet-based curriculum was developed by creating subspecialty modules with appropriate content level for each required rotation at our diagnostic radiology residency program. Daily assignments included key learning points, readings, and reference presentation slides, covering all objectives published by the ABR Core Exam Study Guide. Residents were provided with iPad devices preconfigured with the curriculum and online access to most major radiology textbooks available in our institutional digital library. Assessment surveys were administered at baseline and 12 months following curriculum implementation. Twenty-two residents completed both surveys. In comparing the pre versus postsurvey results, 32% versus 73% residents agreed or strongly agreed that study resources were well-organized, 41% versus 91% agreed or strongly agreed that study resources were easily accessible, 27% versus 77% agreed or strongly agreed that the modules encouraged active learning, 18% versus 82% agreed or strongly agreed that resources motivate them to study daily, 36% versus 82% agreed or strongly agreed that the resources adequately prepared the resident for the radiology board exam, and 36% versus 82% agreed or strongly agreed that they were satisfied with the resources provided by the residency program (p < 0.05). Our study demonstrated the positive impact of implementing a complete tablet-based curriculum on radiology resident motivation, satisfaction, and engagement. Use of mobile tablet devices has the potential to dramatically transform content delivery in residency education.

Clenched fist syndrome: a case report

BackgroundThe clenched fist syndrome/psycho-flexed hand, first described in the early 1980s, has not yet entered the major psychiatric textbooks. Curiously, the phenomenon has been illuminated mainly in journals and textbooks on hand surgery. There is a need to examine, describe, and understand this syndrome from a psychiatric perspective.Case presentationWe present a case we encountered in an intensive care unit. A 60-year-old white man with schizophrenia, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, and peripheral neuropathy, developed rather acutely bilateral clenched fists in the aftermath of a traumatic dislocated hip fracture that was operated on. He later died due to complications from the surgical procedure.ConclusionsWhile this was a complex case with some clinical uncertainty regarding the cause of our patient’s symptoms, we conclude that psychological processes were central to the development of his clenched fists. The phenomenon of clenched fists and our case are discussed with reference to the accumulated literature on psychogenic hand disorders and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th version. The nosological status appears to be obscure. This case presentation is a first step in increasing the understanding of this syndrome from a psychiatric perspective.

Cryo-EM structure of human mitochondrial trifunctional protein

The mitochondrial trifunctional protein (TFP) catalyzes three reactions in the fatty acid β-oxidation process. Mutations in the two TFP subunits cause mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency and acute fatty liver of pregnancy that can lead to death. Here we report a 4.2-Å cryo-electron microscopy α2β2 tetrameric structure of the human TFP. The tetramer has a V-shaped architecture that displays a distinct assembly compared with the bacterial TFPs. A concave surface of the TFP tetramer interacts with the detergent molecules in the structure, suggesting that this region is involved in associating with the membrane. Deletion of a helical hairpin in TFPβ decreases its binding to the liposomes in vitro and reduces its membrane targeting in cells. Our results provide the structural basis for TFP function and have important implications for fatty acid oxidation related diseases.

Preeclampsia and the 20th century: "Le siècle des Lumières".

The authors delineate seven quantum leap forward and, or revolutions having occurred during the 20th century in the understanding of the physiopathology of preeclampsia. First the discovery of the inflatable arm band permitting to measure blood pressure in 1896. Second, the discovery that eclamptic (convulsions), and later "pre"eclamptic (proteinuria) women presented hypertension in 1897 and confirmed in 1903, discovery of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Third, the eight major textbooks published all along the 20th century by delineating risk factors of preeclampsia with the concept of "preeclampsia, disease of primigravidae". Fourth, the discovery in the 1970's that human trophoblast implantation was far deeper than in other mammalian species. Fifth, and a major step forward, description at the end of the 1980's that the maternal syndrome in preeclampsia (glomeruloendotheliosis, HELLP syndrome, eclampsia) could be unified in a global endothelial cell inflammation. Sixth, the epidemiological descriptions in the 1970-1990's that indeed preeclampsia was a disease of first pregnancies at the level of a couple ("primipaternity concept"), leading to an explosion in immunological research in the last decade, beginning in 1998. Seventh and finally, in the search for the "factor X" explaining the vascular inflammation in preeclamptic women (inositol phospho glycans P-type were described in 2000, while soluble Flt-1 and S-endoglins have been clearly predicted since 1997). The majority of the seeds or findings have been grounded or realized in the 20th century. Indeed, for preeclampsia, the 20th century has been le "Siècle des Lumières" (the Enlightments).

Ukrainian Linguistics in Canada: Second Half of the Twentieth Century and Beyond

In Canada, linguistic research into the Ukrainian language has appeared in both scholarly periodicals and in book form. For practical reasons, however, only published books will be examined here. These publications may be grouped into three major categories: language instruction, lexicography, and theoretical study. Furthermore, international borders were and continue to be porous: the works of Canadian scholars have been published abroad, while books by American scholars have been published in Canada. Consequently, major textbooks and learning grammars, lexicographic works, and books on theoretical issues dealing with Ukrainian linguistics by Canadian linguists and by foreign scholars published in Canada will be examined here.

The bridge between transplantation and regenerative medicine: Beginning a new Banff classification of tissue engineering pathology.

The science of regenerative medicine is arguably older than transplantation—the first major textbook was published in 1901—and a major regenerative medicine meeting took place in 1988, three years before the first Banff transplant pathology meeting. However, the subject of regenerative medicine/tissue engineering pathology has never received focused attention. Defining and classifying tissue engineering pathology is long overdue. In the next decades, the field of transplantation will enlarge at least tenfold, through a hybrid of tissue engineering combined with existing approaches to lessening the organ shortage. Gradually, transplantation pathologists will become tissue‐(re‐) engineering pathologists with enhanced skill sets to address concerns involving the use of bioengineered organs. We outline ways of categorizing abnormalities in tissue‐engineered organs through traditional light microscopy or other modalities including biomarkers. We propose creating a new Banff classification of tissue engineering pathology to standardize and assess de novo bioengineered solid organs transplantable success in vivo. We recommend constructing a framework for a classification of tissue engineering pathology now with interdisciplinary consensus discussions to further develop and finalize the classification at future Banff Transplant Pathology meetings, in collaboration with the human cell atlas project. A possible nosology of pathologic abnormalities in tissue‐engineered organs is suggested.

A Preliminary Exploration of the Development of Wisdom in Entrepreneurship Education

Though the development of wisdom is a primary goal of higher education, it has received little empirical attention in an entrepreneurship education (EE) context. We conduct a preliminary, exploratory investigation into the teaching of wisdom in EE. Applying Sternberg’s (1998) balance theory of wisdom, we examine whether entrepreneurship courses deliver on the potential of wisdom development by studying the syllabi of 50 university entrepreneurship courses from around the world. We also examine the contents of the major entrepreneurship textbooks used in EE classrooms today. We find that both textbook use and course design are negatively related to the development of wisdom in the classroom. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Accounting Documentation Software: An Overview of Options and Results from a Lucidchart Software Evaluation

Accounting practitioners use documentation diagrams to plan audits, train employees, and consult on accounting information systems development. Accounting educators instruct students in diagram development with various software tools as preparation for industry requirements. This paper presents a review of documentation diagrams identified by practice and major textbooks, a summary of software tool options, and an examination of cloud-based documentation software. We suggest software adoption criteria and propose Lucidchart as a cloud-software solution for developing accounting documentation diagrams. Finally, we present the results from a Lucidchart software evaluation study. The practical contribution is two-fold for educators responsible for teaching accounting documentation topics: (a) a documentation software resource; and (b) an initial usage assessment of Lucidchart software.

Student’s perspective about pharmacogenomic applications and knowledge in pharmacovigilance domain

Background: Pharmacogenomics has is presence now in all major pharmacology text books parallel with another important chapter pharmacovigilance. Pharmacogenomics apart from therapeutic application it can greatly influence standard treatment protocols with prevention of adverse drug reaction. Since the future will be physicians practicing personalized medicine, this study was planned to assess the second year M.B.B.S Students knowledge and their perspective about pharmacogenomic application.Methods: A questionnaire to assess the knowledge about pharmacogenomics and current status of its application is formulated with yes or no, true or false option. The study was conducted on 120 M.B.B.S Students who passed out Pharmacology university exams. The questionnaires answered voluntarily were collected and the data was analysed and with results calculated in percentage.Results: 80% M.B.B.S students had sound knowledge about pharmacogenomics. 100% M.B.B.S student’s doctors were well aware about pharmacogenomics. 13.0% of students were not aware but wanted to know about it, while 7.25% of students were neither aware nor interested about pharmacogenomics.Conclusions: Most of the doctors were aware about the pharmacogenomics theoretically and they need to be updated about its clinical application in their practice by seminars, presentation and workshops.

“Do you reckon I should sit?” Is it possible to predict success in the ACEM fellowship examination?

Introduction: The ACEM (Australasian College for Emergency Medicine) fellowship examination is a high-stakes assessment occurring at the end of postgraduate training in emergency medicine. The objectives of this study were to identify factors that allow prediction of success or failure in the ACEM fellowship examination, information that may be useful to those involved in examination preparation. Methods: From 2009–2012, six consecutive cohorts of Victorian ACEM trainees sat a practice written examination and completed surveys regarding examination preparation. Subsequent ACEM fellowship examination outcome was obtained by contacting trainees and using ACEM annual reports. Univariate analysis was undertaken to determine which factors would most reliably predict examination success. Each sitting of the practice examination was viewed separately. Results: From the 150 examination candidates, we received responses on 111 occasions from a total of 80 trainees (several candidates sat the exam more than once). Pass/fail data was available for 72 datasets. The strongest positive predictors for examination success included the number of examination sections passed in the practice examination (OR 3.34, 95% CI 1.61–6.90), reading outside of the major international emergency medicine textbooks (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.21–5.28) and a belief that attending a course was helpful for examination preparation (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.06–2.73). Years since graduating from medical school (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.69–0.91) was negatively associated with examination success. Conclusions: In this cohort of Victorian trainees, performance in a practice examination had one of the strongest associations with performance in the real ACEM fellowship examination. Practice examinations are a useful method to provide benchmarking and advice to candidates prior to the formal examination.

Preparing our next generation of pathologists: The criticality of critical reading.

Preparing our next generation of pathologists: The criticality of critical reading.

Morphology and relationships of the biceps brachii and brachialis with the musculocutaneous nerve.

Major anatomical textbooks generally state that the biceps brachii muscle (BB) is composed of long and short heads, whereas the brachialis muscle (BR) consists of a single head. However, the numbers of heads comprising the BB and the BR are very variable. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the branching patterns of the musculocutaneous nerve (MC) influence the number of heads of the BB and the BR. Morphological examinations of the BB and MC were conducted using cadavers of 22 Japanese individuals, and morphological examinations of the BR and the MC were conducted in 9 of those 22 individuals. A three-headed BB was observed in 7 of the 22 specimens (31.8%). Most of these specimens showed a Type III branch pattern (after penetrating the long head or the short head, the MC innervated the supernumerary head or communicated with the main root again). The number of BR heads was categorized into three types: Type A, two heads (superficial and deep heads, 22.2%); Type B, three or four heads (two or three superficial heads and one deep head, 44.4%); and Type C, multiple heads (33.3%). Among these categories, branches of the MC in Type A specimens were most simple. A supernumerary head of the BB seemed to be present if the MC penetrates it. The BR basically consists of superficial and deep heads, and the number of superficial heads is affected by branches of the MC.

A textbook for the liver decade

The last few years have heralded the start of the liver decade. From a position of limited therapeutic options for hepatitis C, and virtually none for conditions like fatty liver and cirrhosis, we are at a new dawn of curative treatments and promising drugs in the pharmaceutical pipeline. As such, the editors of major textbooks in hepatology have had the unenviable job of extensive updates to several chapters. I am pleased to say that the editors of Zakim and Boyer's Hepatology: A Textbook of Liver Disease are up to the task.

Entrepreneurship in the textbook business in modern East Asia: Kinkōdō of Meiji Japan and the Commercial Press of early twentieth-century China

AbstractThis article compares the ways in which two major textbook publishers in East Asia – namely Kinkōdō in Meiji Japan and the Commercial Press in early twentieth-century China – practised the Western model of corporations to build a new kind of publishing business in their respective societies, which were undergoing significant transformation. The study suggests that, although the use of the model could imply global business convergence, its transplantation process was largely shaped by entrepreneurs who negotiated the Western model as an alternative newly opened to them and brought to light variant forms of practice tailored to serve their own aspirations in corporate directions such as industrial integration and ownership structure. The two cases present two distinct patterns of developing a new textbook publishing business under the same corporation model.

Breastfeeding: A Review of Its Physiology and Galactogogue Plants in View of Traditional Persian Medicine.

The beneficial effects of breastfeeding for the infant and mother are well recognized. Many natural products are reputed to be galactogogue agents in major Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) textbooks. The aim of this study is to review those medicinal plants that are reported to be effective in increasing breast milk in TPM and to compare the data from TPM texts with the findings of modern pharmacological and clinical research. Data on the medicinal plants used to increase breast milk were obtained from major TPM textbooks. A detailed search in PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases was performed to confirm the effects of medicinal plants mentioned in TPM on lactation in view of the identified pharmacological actions. Foeniculum vulgare, Anethum graveolens, Pimpinella anisum, Nigella sativa, and Vitex agnus-castus are among the most effective galactogogue TPM plants. Many pharmacologically relevant activities have been reported for these herbs. The use of traditional knowledge can pave the way toward finding effective phytopharmaceuticals for increasing breast milk.

More Than Meets the Eye: The Contributions of John Dalrymple (1803-1852).

Having authored two major ophthalmology textbooks and honored with the eponym, the “Dalrymple sign,” many are familiar with the works of Dr. John Dalrymple when it comes to the eye. However, few are aware of his other, numerous and wide-ranging contributions to the fields of science and medicine. In this article, we discuss the life and work of a man dedicated to the pursuit and advancement of knowledge and education.

Follicular psoriasis: A forgotten entity

Follicular psoriasis is a common yet under reported entity. Major dermatology textbooks fail to emphasise and even neglect this important diagnosis and since its original description in 1920 there have been only three reports in the published literature. As a result the diagnosis is seldom entertained by dermatology trainees in the differential diagnosis of a folliculocentric skin disease. We present a case of follicular psoriasis which was initially mis-diagnosed as lichen planopilaris and summarise the key features of this neglected entity. Our aim is to highlight awareness of this disorder and we also propose that the follicular variant be included as a psoriasis subtype in standard dermatology textbooks.

한국 대학생들의 영어전공서적 읽기에 대한 질적 사례 연구

한국 대학생들의 영어전공서적 읽기에 대한 질적 사례 연구

In Memoriam: Mark E. Josephson, MD (1943–2017)

Dr. Mark Josephson, a pioneer in cardiac electrophysiology and catheter-based treatments of cardiac arrhythmias, died on 11 January 2017 after a prolonged battle with cancer. At the time of his death, he was Chief Emeritus of the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Herman Dana Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts.Mark was born in New York City in 1943. He graduated from Trinity College and subsequently from Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. His training in internal medicine was at the Mount Sinai Hospital in New York, and in cardiovascular medicine it was at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine in Philadelphia. He spent two years at the Staten Island Public Health Service Hospital, an important training ground for physicians interested in electrophysiology. He joined the faculty at the University of Pennsylvania, where he quickly became recognized as an innovator in catheter-based treatment of cardiovascular arrhythmias and as a visionary clinical scientist. He rose to the rank of Professor and Director of the Harvard Thorndike Arrhythmia Institute and, in 2001, became Chief of Cardiovascular Medicine at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston.Mark and his colleagues were among the first to identify the pathogenesis of ventricular arrhythmias associated with heart attacks; they then developed methods for mapping cardiac arrhythmias that provided electrophysiologists with the tools to ablate arrhythmias with a catheter, and sometimes by surgical techniques. Indeed, the ability to treat cardiac arrhythmias by catheter has been one of the major advances in cardiovascular medicine of the past four-plus decades. Dr. Josephson was the sole author of the major electrophysiology textbook titled Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology, a very unusual occurrence in the writing of medical textbooks.Mark Josephson was a passionate educator who trained many of today's national and international leaders of cardiovascular electrophysiology. He was a creative physician–scientist, intellectually gifted, one who challenged existing doctrines and was usually correct in his predictions; and he was a physician–educator who cared deeply for his students and patients. Early in his career, he endured many criticisms of his pioneering efforts, almost always with a smile and a shrug of his shoulders. “They will see.”He was preceded in death by his wife of 48 years, Ellen Eisenberg Josephson. He was a devoted father to two daughters and grandfather to three children, who called him “Poppi.”Mark Josephson's contributions to cardiovascular electrophysiology are enormous and will continue to help large numbers of patients worldwide.